稀土矿区小流域污染源调查与治理——以定南县劣Ⅴ类水河段的污染治理为例
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摘要
以消灭定南县劣Ⅴ类水为例,研究细化稀土矿区小流域污染源的调查与治理方法。立足定南县污染河流的污染源分布、种类、性质、河流水文和地理特征等现状污染源及产业结构,对污染河段进行了沿程断面布控开展水质水量同步监测,结果表明氨氮是流域最主要污染指标,流域原稀土矿区浸矿液流失入渗污染地表水,矿区尾水未经处理或处理还未到位,是定南县超标断面水污染的主要来源。赣州市水文局利用出境断面总量控制倒推污染物消减技术,采取"控源—截污—治理—管理"的工作方案实施治理已取得初步成效,此经验做法可为责任单位解决类似污染断面水质超标提供参考。
By taking the elimination of inferior Ⅴ water in Dingnan County as an example, the investigation and treatment methods for refining pollution sources in small watersheds of rare earth mining areas are studied. Based on the current pollution sources, types, nature, river hydrology and geographical characteristics of the polluted rivers in Dingnan County, the pollution sources and industrial structures were carried out. The polluted river sections were monitored along the way to carry out simultaneous monitoring of water quality and quantity. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen was the most important pollution in the basin. The surface water in the basin was polluted by leaching liquid loss and infiltration,and the tail water in the mining area had not been treated yet. It was the main source of water pollution in the over-standard section of Dingnan County. The Ganzhou Hydrographic Bureau had used the total amount of exit sections to control the reverse pollution reduction technology, and adopted the work plan of " control source-sewage-governance-management" to achieve initial results. This experience could provide reference for the responsible departments to solve the problem of water quality exceeding the standard in similar contaminated sections.
By taking the elimination of inferior Ⅴ water in Dingnan County as an example, the investigation and treatment methods for refining pollution sources in small watersheds of rare earth mining areas are studied. Based on the current pollution sources, types, nature, river hydrology and geographical characteristics of the polluted rivers in Dingnan County, the pollution sources and industrial structures were carried out. The polluted river sections were monitored along the way to carry out simultaneous monitoring of water quality and quantity. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen was the most important pollution in the basin. The surface water in the basin was polluted by leaching liquid loss and infiltration,and the tail water in the mining area had not been treated yet. It was the main source of water pollution in the over-standard section of Dingnan County. The Ganzhou Hydrographic Bureau had used the total amount of exit sections to control the reverse pollution reduction technology, and adopted the work plan of " control source-sewage-governance-management" to achieve initial results. This experience could provide reference for the responsible departments to solve the problem of water quality exceeding the standard in similar contaminated sections.
引文
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[24]熊庆.离子交换法钨冶炼过程中废水处理技术的研究[J].世界有色金属,2018(9):9-10.
[2]赣州全面推进稀土矿山生态修复[J].稀土信息,2018(2):15.
[3]定南不断加大废弃稀土矿区生态环境治理力度[J].稀土信息,2013(11):38.
[4]梁超杰,离子型稀土矿山环境问题及其治理方法研究[J].低碳技术,2018(3):34-35.
[5]刘云,杨晋,冷从德.赣南废弃稀土矿山地质环境治理现状及发展趋势[J].环境与保护,2015(6):45-49.
[6]黄玉莹,祖白玉,张瑞斌.城市郊区小流域污染源调查及分析[J].中国环保矿业,2017(11):33-36.
[7]吴钟昊,江西:确保用一年时间全面消灭劣V类水[N/OL].新华网,2017-12-16. http://www. xinhuanet. com/2017-12/16/c_1122121353. htm
[8]江西省人民政府.江西省人民政府办公厅关于印发江西省消灭劣V类水工作方案的通知[Z]. 2011.
[9]钟建平.江西5月底前消灭劣V类水[N].人民长江报,2018-5-19(002).
[10]董佩军.王建满来舟督查剿灭劣V类水工作[N].舟山日报,2017-03-15.
[11]徐立冬.迅速行动强势推进全面打响剿灭劣V类水攻坚战[N].湖州日报,2017-03-23.
[12]秦德胜.以最大决心最硬举措全面剿灭劣Ⅴ类水体[N].绍兴日报,2017-03-07.
[13]冯瑄,陈晓众,王剑青. 10月底前全面消除市控和县控劣V类水断面[N].宁波日报,2017-2-16(001).
[14]钟根清.人人都做“河小二”坚决打赢劣V类水剿灭战[N].丽水日报,2017-04-09(001).
[15]曾青云,薛丽燕,曾繁钢,等,氨氮废水处理技术的研究现状[J].有色金属科学与工程,2018(4):83-88.
[16]罗智江.稀土高盐氨氮废水MBR过程实验研究[D].南昌:江西理工大学,2018.
[17]汪勇,邱晖.稀土硫铵废水零排放工艺应用[J].冶金与材料,2018(3):22-23.
[18]黄琛期.全市消灭劣V类水推进会在我县召开[N/OL].[2017-10-31]. http://www. dingnan. gov. cn/news/dnyw/201710/t20171031_486850. html
[19]李恒凯,吴立新,刘小生.稀土矿区地表环境变化多时相遥感监测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014(6):1087-1095.
[20]江西省水利厅,江西水利规划设计院.江西省地表水环境水功能区划[R]. 2007.
[21]水域纳污能力计算规程:GB/T 25173—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[22]鲁秀国,罗军,赖祖明.氨氮废水处理技术发展现状[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(2):129-135.
[23]刘莉峰,宿辉,李凤娟,等.氨氮废水处理技术研究进展[J].工业水处理,2014,34(11):13-17.
[24]熊庆.离子交换法钨冶炼过程中废水处理技术的研究[J].世界有色金属,2018(9):9-10.