新疆中型水库坝型与枢纽布置的关键技术应用实践
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摘要
针对新疆高严寒、高地震、高海拔、深厚覆盖层、多泥沙、缺少水文资料、生态环境脆弱的独特筑坝环境条件,多个工程开展了大量的探索与实践。在坝型选择上形成了以当地材料坝中碾压式沥青心墙砂砾石坝、混凝土面板砂砾石坝为主的坝体结构型式,体现了砂砾石坝体变形较小、投资较省的特点。在枢纽布置上结合地形特点及地质条件形成了灵活多样的泄水建筑物消能型式,"两洞合一"、"多洞合一"等都有不同的应用。枢纽建设与水资源合理利用中,为实现人与自然和谐相处,切实保护生态环境,大坝鱼类保护设施因地制宜,从早期的增殖站发展到现在的鱼道、升鱼机、集运鱼船等。智能化筑坝、水电站"以阀代井"、超深防渗墙、沥青心墙坝砾石骨料应用等若干关键技术的进步又促进了坝型选择与枢纽布置的优化,为类似环境条件下的筑坝技术提供了宝贵经验。
Aiming at the special dam construction environments in Xinjiang,such as severe cold,high seismic intensity,high altitude,deep overburden,lack of hydrological data,dense sediment and fragile eco-environment,a large amount of explorations and practices are carried out for several projects. In the aspect of the selection of dam type,the dam structure types mainly consisting of roller-compacted sand-gravel dam with asphalt core wall and concrete face sand-gravel dam within the scope of the type of local material dam are formed,which reflect the characteristics of less deformation and less investment of sand-gravel dam. In the aspect of the project layout,the applications of flexible and diversified energy dissipation schemes for the discharge structure,combining two outlets into one and integrating several outlets into one,etc. are created to different extents. For the project construction and reasonable utilization of water resources,the fish-protection facility of dam is developed from the early fish breeding station to fish passage,fish lift,fish carriers,etc. in accordance with the local condition concerned for realizing the harmony between human and nature. Moreover,the advancements the some key technologies,i. e. intelligent dam construction,replacing surge tank with pressure regulating valve for hydropower station,ultra-deep cut-off wall,application of gravel aggregate for construction of dam with asphalt core wall,etc.,promote the optimizations of both the selection of dam type and the project layout,thus provide valuable experiences to the technologies for the dam constructions under the similar environmental conditions.
Aiming at the special dam construction environments in Xinjiang,such as severe cold,high seismic intensity,high altitude,deep overburden,lack of hydrological data,dense sediment and fragile eco-environment,a large amount of explorations and practices are carried out for several projects. In the aspect of the selection of dam type,the dam structure types mainly consisting of roller-compacted sand-gravel dam with asphalt core wall and concrete face sand-gravel dam within the scope of the type of local material dam are formed,which reflect the characteristics of less deformation and less investment of sand-gravel dam. In the aspect of the project layout,the applications of flexible and diversified energy dissipation schemes for the discharge structure,combining two outlets into one and integrating several outlets into one,etc. are created to different extents. For the project construction and reasonable utilization of water resources,the fish-protection facility of dam is developed from the early fish breeding station to fish passage,fish lift,fish carriers,etc. in accordance with the local condition concerned for realizing the harmony between human and nature. Moreover,the advancements the some key technologies,i. e. intelligent dam construction,replacing surge tank with pressure regulating valve for hydropower station,ultra-deep cut-off wall,application of gravel aggregate for construction of dam with asphalt core wall,etc.,promote the optimizations of both the selection of dam type and the project layout,thus provide valuable experiences to the technologies for the dam constructions under the similar environmental conditions.
引文
[1]邓铭江,于海鸣.新疆坝工建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[2]张傲齐,凤炜,何建新.胶凝砂砾石在阿拉沟水库溢洪道基础中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):217-220.
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[4]杨辉琴.五彩湾冬季调蓄水库应用膨胀性泥岩的坝料设计[J].陕西水利,2017(5):142-144.
[5]李江,李湘权.新疆特殊条件下面板堆石坝和沥青心墙坝设计施工技术进展[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):2-8.
[6]李振刚.吉音水库混凝土面板堆石坝设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):21-23.
[7]李江,黄华新,柳莹.大河沿水库坝基深厚覆盖层防渗形式研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程-面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:395-404.
[8]李江,钟世华,柳莹.新疆尼雅水库坝型选择及高沥青心墙坝可行性研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程-面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:405-413.
[9]董艳红.新疆多沙河流水库调度与水库泥沙淤积关系研究—米兰河山口水库为例[J].中国水运,2012(8):140-141.
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[11]汪永贵.坎尔其水库大坝基础处理施工工艺选择[J].西部探矿工程,2001(3):38-40.
[12]覃新闻,黄小宁,彭立新,等.沥青混凝土心墙坝设计与施工[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[13]罗晓霞.大西沟水库大坝河床段心墙基础处理[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):96-98.
[14]张俊伟.小山口水电站泄洪系统联合消能工的消能率问题探究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(4):169-172.
[15]丁照祥. RFC技术在新疆山口电站围堰施工中的应用实践[J].人民长江,2012,43(24):35-38.
[16]汪洋,乔玲等.岸边表孔溢洪道(洞)台阶消能技术在新疆几个水电(利)工程中的应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(3):99-102.
[17]侍克斌,毛建刚,岳春芳.基于灰关联综合评估的水利枢纽工程坝型优选[J].数学的实践与认识,2004(2):65-69.
[18]何建新,朱西超,杨海华,等.采用砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土水稳定性能试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(11):109-112.
[19]唐新军,凤炜,凤家骥,等.榆树沟水库枢纽工程的设计特点与运行情况[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(2):52-56.
[20]邓理想.卡拉贝利水利枢纽工程混凝土面板砂砾石坝抗震设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):47-49.
[21]范金勇.阿尔塔什深厚覆盖层上高面板砂砾石堆石坝坝体变形控制设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):29-32.
[22]陈晓,杨文鹏,王旭红.河槽工程地质问题的勘察研究及处理[J].四川地质学报,2011,31(11):44-51.
[23]孔昭年,田忠禄,等.阿勒泰水电站以阀代井研究[J].水电站机电技术,2016(1):1-4.
[24]吴天祥.冲乎尔水电站集运鱼系统设计方案及实施[J].广西水利水电,2016(2):88-89.
[25]李海涛.山口电站鱼类保护措施与过鱼方案研究初探[J],水利建设与管理,2011(10):70-73.
[26]邓铭江,黄强,张岩,等.额尔齐斯河水库群多尺度耦合的生态调度研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(12):1387-1398.
[2]张傲齐,凤炜,何建新.胶凝砂砾石在阿拉沟水库溢洪道基础中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):217-220.
[3]刘荣.新疆呼图壁河石门水库工程枢纽布置设计[C]//中国水力发电工程学会,2001年度全国碾压混凝土技术交流会论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:133-139.
[4]杨辉琴.五彩湾冬季调蓄水库应用膨胀性泥岩的坝料设计[J].陕西水利,2017(5):142-144.
[5]李江,李湘权.新疆特殊条件下面板堆石坝和沥青心墙坝设计施工技术进展[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):2-8.
[6]李振刚.吉音水库混凝土面板堆石坝设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):21-23.
[7]李江,黄华新,柳莹.大河沿水库坝基深厚覆盖层防渗形式研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程-面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:395-404.
[8]李江,钟世华,柳莹.新疆尼雅水库坝型选择及高沥青心墙坝可行性研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程-面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:405-413.
[9]董艳红.新疆多沙河流水库调度与水库泥沙淤积关系研究—米兰河山口水库为例[J].中国水运,2012(8):140-141.
[10]陈蕾.五一水库工程深孔底流消能水力学问题研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2012,40(9):20-21.
[11]汪永贵.坎尔其水库大坝基础处理施工工艺选择[J].西部探矿工程,2001(3):38-40.
[12]覃新闻,黄小宁,彭立新,等.沥青混凝土心墙坝设计与施工[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[13]罗晓霞.大西沟水库大坝河床段心墙基础处理[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):96-98.
[14]张俊伟.小山口水电站泄洪系统联合消能工的消能率问题探究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(4):169-172.
[15]丁照祥. RFC技术在新疆山口电站围堰施工中的应用实践[J].人民长江,2012,43(24):35-38.
[16]汪洋,乔玲等.岸边表孔溢洪道(洞)台阶消能技术在新疆几个水电(利)工程中的应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(3):99-102.
[17]侍克斌,毛建刚,岳春芳.基于灰关联综合评估的水利枢纽工程坝型优选[J].数学的实践与认识,2004(2):65-69.
[18]何建新,朱西超,杨海华,等.采用砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土水稳定性能试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(11):109-112.
[19]唐新军,凤炜,凤家骥,等.榆树沟水库枢纽工程的设计特点与运行情况[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(2):52-56.
[20]邓理想.卡拉贝利水利枢纽工程混凝土面板砂砾石坝抗震设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):47-49.
[21]范金勇.阿尔塔什深厚覆盖层上高面板砂砾石堆石坝坝体变形控制设计[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):29-32.
[22]陈晓,杨文鹏,王旭红.河槽工程地质问题的勘察研究及处理[J].四川地质学报,2011,31(11):44-51.
[23]孔昭年,田忠禄,等.阿勒泰水电站以阀代井研究[J].水电站机电技术,2016(1):1-4.
[24]吴天祥.冲乎尔水电站集运鱼系统设计方案及实施[J].广西水利水电,2016(2):88-89.
[25]李海涛.山口电站鱼类保护措施与过鱼方案研究初探[J],水利建设与管理,2011(10):70-73.
[26]邓铭江,黄强,张岩,等.额尔齐斯河水库群多尺度耦合的生态调度研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(12):1387-1398.