长度超过100 m的地铁出入口消防疏散方案研究
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摘要
为了解决长度超过100 m的地铁出入口的消防疏散问题,通过分析《建筑设计防火规范》等消防规范中安全出口的定义,对比《地铁设计规范》等国家标准及北京市《城市轨道交通工程设计规范》等地方标准中关于长度超过100 m出入口消防疏散相关的条文及条文解释,并对目前国内部分城市在实践中采取的具体措施进行综合分析比较。经研究,认为解决超长出入口消防疏散的方案主要有:1)设置疏散楼梯间; 2)在通道长度不超过100 m处设置分支通道; 3)在通道内设置自动喷水灭火系统; 4)加强通道的防烟排烟措施; 5)将该出入口仅视为过街通道; 6)划分防火分区。对于出入口计算长度,建议统一计算至出入口通道暗埋段。
In order to meet the fire protection and evacuation requirements of the entrance/exit of metro station with length over 100 m,the definition of safety exit in Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings is analyzed; comparison of fire protection and evacuation requirements for entrance/exit with length over 100 m is made between national standards such as Code for Design of Metro and regional standards such as Code for Design of Urban Rail Transit( Beijing); and some specific measures adopted in many cities in China are synthetically analyzed. It is concluded that main countermeasures for fire protection and evacuation of entrance/exit of metro station with length over 100 m are as follows:( 1) setting up the evacuation staircase;( 2) setting up branch passage at the passage with length shorter than 100 m;( 3) setting up automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system in the passage;( 4) strengthening the smoke control and exhaust measures of the passage;( 5) regarding the entrance/exit as a crossing passage only;( 6) dividing the fire protection zones. The calculation length of the entrance/exit is recommended to the mined section.
In order to meet the fire protection and evacuation requirements of the entrance/exit of metro station with length over 100 m,the definition of safety exit in Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings is analyzed; comparison of fire protection and evacuation requirements for entrance/exit with length over 100 m is made between national standards such as Code for Design of Metro and regional standards such as Code for Design of Urban Rail Transit( Beijing); and some specific measures adopted in many cities in China are synthetically analyzed. It is concluded that main countermeasures for fire protection and evacuation of entrance/exit of metro station with length over 100 m are as follows:( 1) setting up the evacuation staircase;( 2) setting up branch passage at the passage with length shorter than 100 m;( 3) setting up automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system in the passage;( 4) strengthening the smoke control and exhaust measures of the passage;( 5) regarding the entrance/exit as a crossing passage only;( 6) dividing the fire protection zones. The calculation length of the entrance/exit is recommended to the mined section.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.地铁设计规范:GB 50157—2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:262.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014:262.
[3]张德志.重庆深埋地铁车站出入口安全疏散设计[J].都市快轨交通,2009(2):56.ZHANG Dezhi. Safety evacuation design for the entrances and exits of deep stations on Chongqing metro[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2009(2):56.
[4]谢朝军,刘龙涛.地铁出入口排烟方案分析[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(增刊1):110.XIE Chaojun, LIU Longtao. Analysis of smoke exhaust scheme of entrance/exit of metro station[J]. Tunnel Construction,2018,38(S1):110.
[5]姚显贵.地铁出入口建筑设计理论与实践[J].隧道建设,2014,34(12):1153.YAO Xiangui. Theory and practice of architectural design of entrance/exit of metro station[J]. Tunnel Construction,2014,34(12):1153.
[6]城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DG/TJ 08-109—2017[S].上海:同济大学出版社,2017:357.Urban rail transit design standard:DG/TJ 08-109-2017[S]. Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2017:357.
[7]中华人民共和国公安部.地铁设计防火标准:GB 51298—2018[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2018:14.Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. Standard for fire protection design of metro:GB 51298-2018[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2018:14.
[8]中华人民共和国公安部.建筑设计防火规范:GB 50016—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014:4.Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. Code for fire protection design of buildings:GB 50016-2014[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2014:4.
[9]地铁安全疏散规范:GB/T 33668—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:2.Code for safety evacuation of metro:GB/T 33668-2017[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017:2.
[10]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通技术规范:GB 50490—2009[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:18.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Technical code of urban rail transit:GB 50490-2009[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009:18.
[11]北京城建设计研究总院有限责任公司.城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DB 11/995—2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:202.Beijing Urban Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Code for design of urban rail transit:DB 11/995-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014:202.
[12]重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司.重庆市地铁设计规范:DBJ 50-244—2016[S].重庆:重庆市城乡建设委员会,2016.Chongqing Rail Transit(Group)Co.,Ltd. Code for design of metro in Chongqing:DBJ 50-244-2016[S]. Chongqing:Chongqing Rrban and Rural Construction Commission,2016.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市人行天桥与人行地道技术规范:CJJ 69—95[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996:24.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Technical specifications of urban pedestrian overcrossing and underpass:CJJ 69-95[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1996:24.