卵形-全正圆齿轮行星系变速扎穴机构设计与试验
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摘要
针对深施型液态施肥机扎穴机构始终无法满足喷肥针垂直姿态入出土问题,分别根据卵形非圆齿轮与全正圆齿轮行星轮系的组合啮合特性,设计了一种实现变速垂直扎穴的新型卵形-全正圆齿轮行星系扎穴机构。采用卵形齿轮相互啮合原理,控制扎穴机构在工作周期内的瞬时角速度变化,实现变速扎穴,满足喷肥针在入土与出土过程中水平绝度速度趋近于零的特定要求,达到穴口最小。以喷肥针垂直姿态扎穴并满足小穴口为设计目标,建立机构数学模型,以扎穴机构转速120 r/min、前进速度1.2 m/s和扎穴深度80 mm为约束条件,得到机构的结构参数为卵形齿轮长半轴距离39.9 mm、偏心率0.15、正圆齿轮节曲线直径68 mm和喷肥针长度140 mm,并运用ADAMS软件进行虚拟试验验证。通过高速摄像与扎穴试验,得到喷肥针在前进速度1.2 m/s、扎穴转速120 r/min与扎穴深度80 mm下的轨迹形状、水平绝对速度曲线以及穴口宽度。结果表明,卵形-全正圆齿轮行星系变速扎穴机构在高转速与前进速度下,喷肥针始终保证垂直姿态入出土,实现了小穴口的目标。
Aiming to the problem that picking hole mechanism of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator can not meet fertilizer-spraying needle inserted and pulled out of soil vertically all the time,according to the meshing characteristic of combining gears for oval non-circular with round gears. A new kind of picking hole mechanism was designed to achieve variable speed and vertical posture at picking hole. The meshing principle of oval gears were used,which controlled every moment change of angular velocity to achieve variable speed picking hole in the working period,the characteristic met specific requirement,which had horizontal velocity of fertilizer-spraying needle trend to zero inserted and pulled out of soil,small hole mouth was achieved. To achieve small hole mouth and picking hole for vertical posture,the mathematics model of mechanism was established,with the rotational speed of picking hole mechanism of 120 r/min,forward speed of 1. 2 m/s and depth of picking hole of 80 mm as constraint conditions,structure parameters of mechanism were obtained,including half shaft distance of oval gear shaft of 39. 9 mm,eccentricity of 0. 15,diameter of circular gear pitch curve of 68 mm and length of fertilizer-spraying needle of 140 mm,and virtual experiment was verified by using the ADAMS software.The experiments of high-speed camera and picking hole were carried out,the trajectory shape of fertilizerspraying needle,curve of level absolute velocity and hole width were obtained when the forward speed was 1. 2 m/s,rotational speed of picking hole mechanism was 120 r/min and depth of picking hole was80 mm,the reasons for the formation of such results were analyzed. Experiments results showed that fertilizerspraying needle still guaranteed the target that had small hole mouth and picking hole for vertical posture.
Aiming to the problem that picking hole mechanism of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator can not meet fertilizer-spraying needle inserted and pulled out of soil vertically all the time,according to the meshing characteristic of combining gears for oval non-circular with round gears. A new kind of picking hole mechanism was designed to achieve variable speed and vertical posture at picking hole. The meshing principle of oval gears were used,which controlled every moment change of angular velocity to achieve variable speed picking hole in the working period,the characteristic met specific requirement,which had horizontal velocity of fertilizer-spraying needle trend to zero inserted and pulled out of soil,small hole mouth was achieved. To achieve small hole mouth and picking hole for vertical posture,the mathematics model of mechanism was established,with the rotational speed of picking hole mechanism of 120 r/min,forward speed of 1. 2 m/s and depth of picking hole of 80 mm as constraint conditions,structure parameters of mechanism were obtained,including half shaft distance of oval gear shaft of 39. 9 mm,eccentricity of 0. 15,diameter of circular gear pitch curve of 68 mm and length of fertilizer-spraying needle of 140 mm,and virtual experiment was verified by using the ADAMS software.The experiments of high-speed camera and picking hole were carried out,the trajectory shape of fertilizerspraying needle,curve of level absolute velocity and hole width were obtained when the forward speed was 1. 2 m/s,rotational speed of picking hole mechanism was 120 r/min and depth of picking hole was80 mm,the reasons for the formation of such results were analyzed. Experiments results showed that fertilizerspraying needle still guaranteed the target that had small hole mouth and picking hole for vertical posture.
引文
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5张义峰,杨景波,衣淑娟.牧草免耕播种与液体施肥机的设计[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(4):20-22.ZHANG Yifeng,YANG Jingbo,YI Shujuan.Design on machine of fodder grass zero tillage seeding and liquid apply fertilizer[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2011,23(4):20-22.(in Chinese)
6 MARCELO J S,HENRIQUE C J F,PAULO S G M,et al.Liquid fertilizer application to ratoon cane using a soil punching method[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2017,165:279-285.
7 WOMAC A R,TOMPKIINS F D.Probe-type injector for fluid fertilizers[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1990,6(2):149-154.
8王金武,周文琪,张春凤,等.非规则齿轮行星系扎穴机构反求设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):71-75.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20151111&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.11.011.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,ZHANG Chunfeng,et al.Reverse design and experiment of non-circular gear planetary system picking hole mechanism[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):71-75.(in Chinese)
9刘春香,王金武,周文琪,等.液肥深施双斜孔式喷肥针动力学分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):54-58.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160308&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.03.008.LIU Chunxiang,WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,et al.Dynamics analysis and experiment of double oblique hole spray fertilizer needle of liquid fertilizer deep-fertilization[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):54-58.(in Chinese)
10刘春香,王金武,唐汉,等.基于贝塞尔曲线的液肥扎穴机构动力学分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):116-122.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160516&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.016.LIU Chunxiang,WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,et al.Dynamics analysis and test on picking hole mechanism of liquid fertilizer based on bezier curve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):116-122.(in Chinese)
11王金武,刘亚华,王金峰,等.全椭圆齿轮行星系液态肥深施机构优化设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):59-65.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121011&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.011.WANG Jinwu,LIU Yahua,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Optimized design and experimental of the liquid fertilizer deep mechanism with planetary elliptic gears[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):59-65.(in Chinese)
12冯金龙,王金武,周文琪,等.变形椭圆齿轮式扎穴机构设计与工作参数试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):90-96.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170411&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.04.011.FENG Jinlong,WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,et al.Design of pricking hole mechanism with deformation elliptical gears and optimization of experiment with work parameters[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):90-96.(in Chinese)
13王金武,周文琪,王秀,等.基于三次拉格朗日曲线拟合轨迹的斜置式扎穴机构研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):79-85.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170509&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.05.009.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,WANG Xiu,et al.Oblique type pricking hole mechanism based on lagrange curve for cubic fitting trajectory[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):79-85.(in Chinese)
14王金武,周文琪,王金峰,等.斜置式非规则齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构工作参数试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):66-70.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170608&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.008.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Experiment and optimization of working parameters for pricking hole mechanism of oblique type non-circular gears planetary system[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):66-70.(in Chinese)
15陈继照.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构动力学特性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
16王英,夏旭东,何小晶,等.偏心-椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植装置动力学优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):38-46.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170106&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.01.006.WANG Ying,XIA Xudong,HE Xiaojing,et al.Dynamics optimization and experiment of planting device driven by planetary eccentric gears and elliptic gears[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):38-46.(in Chinese)
17徐洪广,赵匀,张允慧,等.水稻钵苗移栽机变性卵形齿轮分秧机构的运动机理分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):10-15.XU Hongguang,ZHAO Yun,ZHANG Yunhui,et al.Analysis on kinematic principle for seedling-picking machinery of rice transplanter with deformed oval gears[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(7):10-15.(in Chinese)
18陈建能,王英,黄前泽,等.钵苗移栽机变形椭圆齿轮行星系植苗机构优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):52-56.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20131009&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.10.009.CHEN Jianneng,WANG Ying,HUANG Qianze,et al.Optimization and test of transplanting mechanism with planetary deformed elliptic gears for potted-seedling transplanter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):52-56.(in Chinese)
19赵匀.机构数值分析与综合[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
20吴序堂,王贵海.非圆齿轮及非匀速比传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
21余佳佳,丁幼春,廖宜涛,等.基于高速摄像的气力式油菜精量排种器投种轨迹分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(3):103-108.YU Jiajia,DING Youchun,LIAO Yitao,et al.High-speed photography analysis of dropping trajectory on pneumatic metering device for rapeseed[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2014,33(3):103-108.(in Chinese)
22陶桂香,衣淑娟,汪春,等.基于高速摄像技术的水稻钵盘精量播种装置投种过程分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):197-201.TAO Guixiang,YI Shujuan,WANG Chun,et al.Analysis on dropping processing of precision sowing device in rice seeding bowl by high-speed photography[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):197-201.(in Chinese)
2徐秀成.提高肥料利用率化工部门能做些什么[J].磷肥与复肥,1999,14(3):6-11.XU Xiucheng.What can departments of chemical industry do for raising fertilizer use efficiency[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,1999,14(3):6-11.(in Chinese)
3窦桂梅,刘巧英.机械深施化肥应用技术研究[J].山西农业科学,2000,28(2):3-6.DOU Guimei,LIU Qiaoying.Research on application technology of mechanized deep fertilization[J].Agricultural Science of Shanxi,2000,28(2):3-6.(in Chinese)
4李伟,李絮花,李海燕,等.控释尿素与普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(4):700-709.LI Wei,LI Xuhua,LI Haiyan,et al.Effect of different mixing rates of controlled-release urea and common urea on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(4):700-709.(in Chinese)
5张义峰,杨景波,衣淑娟.牧草免耕播种与液体施肥机的设计[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(4):20-22.ZHANG Yifeng,YANG Jingbo,YI Shujuan.Design on machine of fodder grass zero tillage seeding and liquid apply fertilizer[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2011,23(4):20-22.(in Chinese)
6 MARCELO J S,HENRIQUE C J F,PAULO S G M,et al.Liquid fertilizer application to ratoon cane using a soil punching method[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2017,165:279-285.
7 WOMAC A R,TOMPKIINS F D.Probe-type injector for fluid fertilizers[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1990,6(2):149-154.
8王金武,周文琪,张春凤,等.非规则齿轮行星系扎穴机构反求设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):71-75.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20151111&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.11.011.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,ZHANG Chunfeng,et al.Reverse design and experiment of non-circular gear planetary system picking hole mechanism[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):71-75.(in Chinese)
9刘春香,王金武,周文琪,等.液肥深施双斜孔式喷肥针动力学分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):54-58.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160308&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.03.008.LIU Chunxiang,WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,et al.Dynamics analysis and experiment of double oblique hole spray fertilizer needle of liquid fertilizer deep-fertilization[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):54-58.(in Chinese)
10刘春香,王金武,唐汉,等.基于贝塞尔曲线的液肥扎穴机构动力学分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):116-122.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160516&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.016.LIU Chunxiang,WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,et al.Dynamics analysis and test on picking hole mechanism of liquid fertilizer based on bezier curve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):116-122.(in Chinese)
11王金武,刘亚华,王金峰,等.全椭圆齿轮行星系液态肥深施机构优化设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):59-65.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121011&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.011.WANG Jinwu,LIU Yahua,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Optimized design and experimental of the liquid fertilizer deep mechanism with planetary elliptic gears[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):59-65.(in Chinese)
12冯金龙,王金武,周文琪,等.变形椭圆齿轮式扎穴机构设计与工作参数试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):90-96.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170411&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.04.011.FENG Jinlong,WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,et al.Design of pricking hole mechanism with deformation elliptical gears and optimization of experiment with work parameters[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):90-96.(in Chinese)
13王金武,周文琪,王秀,等.基于三次拉格朗日曲线拟合轨迹的斜置式扎穴机构研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):79-85.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170509&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.05.009.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,WANG Xiu,et al.Oblique type pricking hole mechanism based on lagrange curve for cubic fitting trajectory[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):79-85.(in Chinese)
14王金武,周文琪,王金峰,等.斜置式非规则齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构工作参数试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):66-70.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170608&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.008.WANG Jinwu,ZHOU Wenqi,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Experiment and optimization of working parameters for pricking hole mechanism of oblique type non-circular gears planetary system[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):66-70.(in Chinese)
15陈继照.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构动力学特性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
16王英,夏旭东,何小晶,等.偏心-椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植装置动力学优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):38-46.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170106&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.01.006.WANG Ying,XIA Xudong,HE Xiaojing,et al.Dynamics optimization and experiment of planting device driven by planetary eccentric gears and elliptic gears[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):38-46.(in Chinese)
17徐洪广,赵匀,张允慧,等.水稻钵苗移栽机变性卵形齿轮分秧机构的运动机理分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):10-15.XU Hongguang,ZHAO Yun,ZHANG Yunhui,et al.Analysis on kinematic principle for seedling-picking machinery of rice transplanter with deformed oval gears[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(7):10-15.(in Chinese)
18陈建能,王英,黄前泽,等.钵苗移栽机变形椭圆齿轮行星系植苗机构优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):52-56.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20131009&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.10.009.CHEN Jianneng,WANG Ying,HUANG Qianze,et al.Optimization and test of transplanting mechanism with planetary deformed elliptic gears for potted-seedling transplanter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):52-56.(in Chinese)
19赵匀.机构数值分析与综合[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
20吴序堂,王贵海.非圆齿轮及非匀速比传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
21余佳佳,丁幼春,廖宜涛,等.基于高速摄像的气力式油菜精量排种器投种轨迹分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(3):103-108.YU Jiajia,DING Youchun,LIAO Yitao,et al.High-speed photography analysis of dropping trajectory on pneumatic metering device for rapeseed[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2014,33(3):103-108.(in Chinese)
22陶桂香,衣淑娟,汪春,等.基于高速摄像技术的水稻钵盘精量播种装置投种过程分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):197-201.TAO Guixiang,YI Shujuan,WANG Chun,et al.Analysis on dropping processing of precision sowing device in rice seeding bowl by high-speed photography[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):197-201.(in Chinese)