中国企业在非对称国际竞争中的专利战略实施状况——基于七省市企业调查问卷
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摘要
在对多省市科技型企业及政府部门调研的基础上,运用统计实证方法,研究中国企业专利战略总体执行情况,以企业技术水平、专利战略实施环境、人才等为切入点进行分析,发现中国企业在非对称国际竞争中实施专利战略主要面临四大困难:大多数企业不具备国际先进的技术水平;中国发明专利布局面临发达国家强势围堵;海外专利竞争中的技术封锁效应影响;国外专利申请维持费用高抑制企业专利布局。分析影响因素后,提出以下对策:优势技术领域实施国际化专利战略;非优势技术领域采取突破性技术创新战略;实施本土企业专利优先方针,维护本国技术优势;打造高素质专利人才队伍,保障企业专利战略实施。
Based on the investigation of high-tech enterprises and government departments in many provinces,the paper uses statistics and empirical methods to study implementation of patent stratey of China. It starts the study by using the enterprise technology level,the environment of the patent strategy implementation,talented person as the breakthrough point. It finds that Chinese enterprises are facing four difficulties in implementing patent strategy in asymmetric international competition: the majority of enterprises are not with the international advanced technology level; the patent layout of China is facing a strong encirclement of developed countries; it has the technology blockade effect of overseas patent competition; high patent costs of foreign patent application and maintain suppress the layout. After analyzing the influencing factors,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: implement international patent strat-egy in the field of dominant technology field; implement breakthrough innovation strategy in the non-dominant technical field; carry out the local patent priority policy; build high-quality patent personnel to protect the implementation of enterprise patent strategy.
Based on the investigation of high-tech enterprises and government departments in many provinces,the paper uses statistics and empirical methods to study implementation of patent stratey of China. It starts the study by using the enterprise technology level,the environment of the patent strategy implementation,talented person as the breakthrough point. It finds that Chinese enterprises are facing four difficulties in implementing patent strategy in asymmetric international competition: the majority of enterprises are not with the international advanced technology level; the patent layout of China is facing a strong encirclement of developed countries; it has the technology blockade effect of overseas patent competition; high patent costs of foreign patent application and maintain suppress the layout. After analyzing the influencing factors,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: implement international patent strat-egy in the field of dominant technology field; implement breakthrough innovation strategy in the non-dominant technical field; carry out the local patent priority policy; build high-quality patent personnel to protect the implementation of enterprise patent strategy.
引文
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[3]胡勇.产业专利战略的制定与实施[J].管理世界,2007(8):165-166.
[4]科工.航天科工研制世界最大功率液力变速器打破国外技术封锁[J].军民两用技术与产品,2015(15):36-36.
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[14]张正铀.对广西实施专利战略的一些思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003,20(7):33-35.
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[19]张振宇.技术标准化中的专利劫持行为及其法律规制[J].知识产权,2016(5):79-83.
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[24]林婧弘.美国、日本实施专利战略的经验及启示[J].知识产权,2009(6):38-41.
[25]刘明霞,韩广义,吴娜.关于高校培养专利人才的思考[J].高等教育研究(成都),2014(1):54-56.
[26]张勇.“1+X”专利人才职业资格制度初探[J].法制社会,2014(25):38-40.
[2]孙海荣.专利战略竞争优势——内生论和外生论视角[J].中国科技论坛,2017(1):94-102.
[3]胡勇.产业专利战略的制定与实施[J].管理世界,2007(8):165-166.
[4]科工.航天科工研制世界最大功率液力变速器打破国外技术封锁[J].军民两用技术与产品,2015(15):36-36.
[5]明天.电子信息产业面临的技术封锁态势与应对策略[J].半导体技术,2005,30(12):5-7.
[6]韩旭东.美国是如何实行对华技术封锁的[J].党政论坛,2010(20):44-44.
[7]SOMAYA D. Patent strategy viewed through the lens of patent litigation[M].University of California,Berkeley,2002.
[8]KNIGHT H J. Patent strategy for researchers and research managers[M].John Wiley&Sons,2012.
[9]斋藤优.发明专利经济学[M].谢樊正,译.北京:专利文献出版社,1990.
[10]高桥明夫.日立的专利管理[M].魏启学,译.北京:专利文献出版社,1990.
[11]刘平,鲁卿.基于SWOT分析的企业专利战略制定研究[J].管理学报,2006,3(4):464-467.
[12]冯晓青.企业专利战略若干问题研究[J].南京社会科学,2001(1):53-58.
[13]杨端光,冯晓青.企业专利战略制定的若干问题探讨[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(11):10-15.
[14]张正铀.对广西实施专利战略的一些思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003,20(7):33-35.
[15]赖院根,朱东华,胡望斌.基于专利情报分析的高技术企业专利战略构建[J].科研管理,2007,28(5):156-162.
[16]冯晓青.企业专利战略基本问题之探讨[J].河南社会科学,2007(3):91-95.
[17]国家知识产权局.统计信息[EB/OL].http://www. sipo. gov. cn/tjxx/.
[18]中国保护知识产权网. 337调查[EB/OL].http://www. ipr. gov. cn/list/ssqdc/1/cateinfo. html.
[19]张振宇.技术标准化中的专利劫持行为及其法律规制[J].知识产权,2016(5):79-83.
[20]任声策,宣国良.技术标准中的企业专利战略:一个案例分析[J].科研管理,2007,28(1):53-59.
[21]冯晓青.企业技术标准与专利战略研究[J].科学管理研究,2007,25(4):83-86.
[22]洪群联.我国知识产权服务体系发展现状与战略思路[J].经济纵横,2011(11):44-49
[23]于欣华,王世苗.我国企业专利人才缺失原因及解决措施[J].知识产权,2014(12):74-78.
[24]林婧弘.美国、日本实施专利战略的经验及启示[J].知识产权,2009(6):38-41.
[25]刘明霞,韩广义,吴娜.关于高校培养专利人才的思考[J].高等教育研究(成都),2014(1):54-56.
[26]张勇.“1+X”专利人才职业资格制度初探[J].法制社会,2014(25):38-40.