液化乙烷船液罐装载极限的提高方法
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摘要
为了优化液化乙烷船远洋运输能力,根据液化气船液罐装载极限的基本要求和液化乙烷的货品属性,从提高基准温度下货物的对应密度和充装极限两个方面研究了提高液化乙烷船液罐装载极限的方法。将理论计算与液化乙烷船实际数据相结合,分析了BOG的不同回收利用方式对控制乙烷密度的影响;为了使主罐体充装极限达到99.5%,在液罐顶部设置气室,并将液罐压力释放阀安装于气室顶部;同时,对液位测量、温度测量、再液化设备启动压力设定、应急切断响应周期、液罐尺寸等修正裕量系数开展了研究,得出了在满足约束条件下提高装载极限的方法。结果表明:该方法可使得液化乙烷在基准温度下的对应密度、充装极限分别提高6.67%～8.89%、1.5%,可在其他液化乙烷船储运中推广应用。
In order to optimize the ocean transportation capacity of liquefied ethane carriers, a method to improve the loading limit of cargo tanks in liquefied ethane carriers was researched according to the basic requirements on the loading limit of cargo tank in liquefied gas carrier and properties of liquefied ethane. In the method, the loading limit of cargo tank in liquefied ethane carrier is improved by increasing the relative density and filling limit of cargo under the reference temperature. The effects of BOG recovery methods on the ethane density control were analyzed by combining the actual data of liquefied ethane carrier with its theoretical calculation. In order to make the filling limit of main tank up to 99.5%, a gas chamber was set at the top of the tank and a pressure release valve was installed at the top of the gas chamber. In addition, the effects on the loading limit from level measurement, temperature measurement, start pressure setting of reliquefaction unit, response cycle of emergency shutdown, tank size and other modification margin factors were investigated. Thus, the method to improve the loading limit while satisfying the constraint conditions was developed. It is shown that the relative density and filling limit of liquefied ethane under reference temperature are increased by 6.67%-8.89% and 1.5%, respectively, and this method can be applied and popularized to the storage and transportation of other liquefied ethane carriers.
In order to optimize the ocean transportation capacity of liquefied ethane carriers, a method to improve the loading limit of cargo tanks in liquefied ethane carriers was researched according to the basic requirements on the loading limit of cargo tank in liquefied gas carrier and properties of liquefied ethane. In the method, the loading limit of cargo tank in liquefied ethane carrier is improved by increasing the relative density and filling limit of cargo under the reference temperature. The effects of BOG recovery methods on the ethane density control were analyzed by combining the actual data of liquefied ethane carrier with its theoretical calculation. In order to make the filling limit of main tank up to 99.5%, a gas chamber was set at the top of the tank and a pressure release valve was installed at the top of the gas chamber. In addition, the effects on the loading limit from level measurement, temperature measurement, start pressure setting of reliquefaction unit, response cycle of emergency shutdown, tank size and other modification margin factors were investigated. Thus, the method to improve the loading limit while satisfying the constraint conditions was developed. It is shown that the relative density and filling limit of liquefied ethane under reference temperature are increased by 6.67%-8.89% and 1.5%, respectively, and this method can be applied and popularized to the storage and transportation of other liquefied ethane carriers.
引文
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[2]ROGERS W S,COX D J.Increased cargo tank filling limits on LNG carriers-The LR approach[C].Perth:12th International Conference&Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas,1998:6.3.1-6.3.14.
[3]International Association of Classification Societies.Acceptance criteria for cargo tank filling limits higher than 98%:IACSNo.109[EB/OL].(2017-05-05)[2017-06-05].http://www.iacs.org.uk/publications/recommendations/101-120/rec-109-rev1-cln/.
[4]刘志成.液化石油气船最大装货量浅议[J].航海技术,1996(2):2-5.LIU Z C.Discussion about maximum loading capacity of LPGcarrier[J].Marine Technology,1996(2):2-5.
[5]张春伟.中小型LNG船舶独立C型储罐装载率研究[J].船舶与海洋工程,2016,32(2):21-26.ZHANG C W.Study on the loading rate of type C independent storage tank on middle and small sized LNG carriers[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2016,32(2):21-26.
[6]黄建彬.工业气体手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:353-361.HUANG J B.Industrial gas handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2002:353-361.
[7]董效鹏,李文华,陈海泉,等.气体燃烧装置(GCU)在LNG船上的应用[J].机电设备,2010,27(5):13-16.DONG X P,LI W H,CHEN H Q,et al.Application of gas combustion unit used in LNG carrier[J].Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,2010,27(5):13-16.
[8]饶兴东,盖晓峰.大型LNG低温储罐压力与蒸发率的关系[J].油气储运,2014,33(增刊1):1-5.RAO X D,GAI X F.Relation of pressure and evaporation rate of large-scale cryogenic LNG tanks[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(S1):1-5.
[9]F E G E R D.G a s c o m b u s t i o n u n i t s:h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e technologies for safe disposal of excess boil off gas on the new generation of LNG carriers[C].Barcelona:15th International Conference&Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG 15),2007:1-13.
[10]范文进.乙烯蒸发气液化回收控制系统研究[J].石油化工自动化,2010,46(6):49-51.FAN W J.The study of control system in ethylene vapor liquefied and recovered[J].Automation in Petro-Chemical Industry,2010,46(6):49-51.
[11]雷伟,甘少炜,周国强.船用双燃料发动机关键技术分析[J].船海工程,2016,45(3):86-89.LEI W,GAN S W,ZHOU G Q.Analysis of key technologies for marine dual-fuel engines[J].Ship and Ocean Engineering,2016,45(3):86-89.
[12]International Association of Classification Societies.Vapour pockets not in communication with cargo tank vapour/liquid domes on liquefied gas carriers:IACS No.150[EB/OL].(2017-05-04)[2017-06-05].http://www.iacs.org.uk/publications/recommendations/141-160/.
[13]WUERSIG G M,GAUGHAN J,SCHOLZ B,et al.Effects of enveloping pool fires on LNG tank containment systems[C].Abu Dhabi:Gastech Exhibition&Conference,2009:4-13.
[14]王浩,张艺.FLNG贸易交接计量系统选型研究[J].石油化工自动化,2016,52(1):65-68.WANG H,ZHANG Y.Research on selection of custody transfer measurement system of FLNG[J].Automation in Petro-Chemical Industry,2016,52(1):65-68.
[15]时永鹏,胡铁牛.大容量舱容积计量的快速测量新方法[J].海洋工程,2013,31(5):89-95.SHI Y P,HU T N.An efficient new method for large holds capacity measurement[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,31(5):89-95.
[16]储昭文.油罐雷达液位计液位测量系统误差分析[J].油气储运,2003,22(6):56-60,65.CHU Z W.Analysis on the accuracy uncertainty of radar level gauge for oil tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2003,22(6):56-60,65.
[17]李敏.中小型LNG船C型独立液货舱温度场及应力场分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013:43-55.LI M.Analysis of temperature field and stress for independent C-type tank of the small and medium LNG carriers[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013:43-55.
[18]吴科学.浮子式液位计在储罐计量中的应用与维修[J].计量技术,2018(3):62-63.WU K X.Application and maintenance of float level gauge in tank measurement[J].Measurement Technique,2018(3):62-63.
[19]VASILIY K,SUPRASAD A,VLADIMIR G.Reliability aspects of a series load-sharing system-in safety and reliability:Safe Societies in a Changing World[M].London:CRC Press,Taylor&Francis Group,2018:2200-2202.
[20]程丽霞,陈异,蒋显全,等.液化天然气运输船及其储罐用材料的研究进展[J].材料导报,2013,27(1):71-74.CHENG L X,CHEN Y,JIANG X Q,et al.The present situation and development trend of LNG transport ships and materials for LNG carrier[J].Materials Review,2013,27(1):71-74.
[21]李清,甘少炜,汪国庆,等.LNG动力船船用储罐液位及储量算法[J].船海工程,2017,46(4):106-109.LI Q,GAN S W,WANG G Q,et al.Algorithm of the tank’s liquid level and storage for the LNG-powered ship[J].Ship&Ocean Engineering,2017,46(4):106-109.
[22]何光华.浅析LNG运输船BOG处理方式与推进方式的关联选取[J].中国水运,2015,15(5):1-2.HE G H.Analysis on the correlation of BOG processing method and propulsion method of LNG carrier[J].China Water Transport,2015,15(5):1-2.