含热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入天然气水合物地层扰动模拟
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摘要
深水油气勘探开发过程中,为防止井筒内生成天然气水合物,在钻井液中添加水合物热力学抑制剂是有效措施之一。然而含水合物热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入水合物地层的扰动影响鲜有报道。为探究水合物热力学抑制剂对水合物层的扰动规律,利用超声波测试手段,研究了NaCl、乙二醇两类水合物热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入水合物岩样的过程,并讨论了适用于水合物地层钻井液的设计要点。结果表明:含水合物热力学抑制剂的钻井液相比未含抑制剂的钻井液会显著促进水合物分解,且随着抑制剂浓度的增加,水合物分解速度会大幅度增加;NaCl盐类抑制剂促进水合物分解的作用明显强于乙二醇醇类抑制剂;钻井液侵入水合物地层引发的水合物分解呈现非匀速现象。深水钻探水合物地层时,防止地层中水合物的分解与抑制井筒中水合物的生成是相互矛盾的,研发适合水合物地层的钻井液配方来平衡这个矛盾是有效途径。
During the exploration and development of deepwater oil and gas,it is one of the effective ways to prevent gas hydrate formation in the wellbore by adding thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors in drilling fluid. However,the perturbation effect of drilling fluid containing thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on natural gas hydrate formation is rarely reported. In order to investigate the disturbed regularity of hydrate formation by the thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors,the process of invasion of drilling fluid containing two different types of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor,the salt-type inhibitors and alcohol-type inhibitors,into hydrate samples by ultrasonic testing were investigated,and the design essentials of drilling fluid for hydrate formation are discussed. The results show: compared with the drilling fluid without inhibitors,the drilling fluid containing inhibitors can significantly promote hydrate dissociation,and the dissociation rate of hydrate will increase greatly with the increase of inhibitor concentration.Na Cl,a kind of salt-type inhibitor,promotes the dissociation of hydrate significantly stronger than ethylene glycol,which is the alcohol-type inhibitor. With the increase of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor concentration,the perturbation effect of the salt-type inhibitor to hydrate formation increased more than that of the alcohol-type inhibitor.The dissociation rate of hydrate caused by drilling fluid invasion presents a nonuniform phenomenon. The perturbation influence of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on natural gas hydrates formation should be fully considered in deepwater oil and gas drilling operations. In the deepwater drilling,prevent dissociation of hydrate formation and inhibit hydrate formation in wellbore is contradictory. So,it is an effective way to develop a drilling fluid formula suitable for hydrate formation to eliminate this contradictory.
During the exploration and development of deepwater oil and gas,it is one of the effective ways to prevent gas hydrate formation in the wellbore by adding thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors in drilling fluid. However,the perturbation effect of drilling fluid containing thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on natural gas hydrate formation is rarely reported. In order to investigate the disturbed regularity of hydrate formation by the thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors,the process of invasion of drilling fluid containing two different types of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor,the salt-type inhibitors and alcohol-type inhibitors,into hydrate samples by ultrasonic testing were investigated,and the design essentials of drilling fluid for hydrate formation are discussed. The results show: compared with the drilling fluid without inhibitors,the drilling fluid containing inhibitors can significantly promote hydrate dissociation,and the dissociation rate of hydrate will increase greatly with the increase of inhibitor concentration.Na Cl,a kind of salt-type inhibitor,promotes the dissociation of hydrate significantly stronger than ethylene glycol,which is the alcohol-type inhibitor. With the increase of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor concentration,the perturbation effect of the salt-type inhibitor to hydrate formation increased more than that of the alcohol-type inhibitor.The dissociation rate of hydrate caused by drilling fluid invasion presents a nonuniform phenomenon. The perturbation influence of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on natural gas hydrates formation should be fully considered in deepwater oil and gas drilling operations. In the deepwater drilling,prevent dissociation of hydrate formation and inhibit hydrate formation in wellbore is contradictory. So,it is an effective way to develop a drilling fluid formula suitable for hydrate formation to eliminate this contradictory.
引文
1 Su M,Yang R,Wang H,et al.Gas hydrates distribution in the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea:comparisons between the eight drilling sites with gas-hydrate petroleum system.Geologica Acta,2016;14(2):79-100
2于兴河,王建忠,梁金强,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物沉积成藏特征.石油学报,2014;35(2):253-264Yu Xinghe,Wang Jianzhong,Liang Jinqiang,et al.Depositional accumulation characteristics of gas hydrate in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014;35(2):253-264
3周守为.中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究:海洋能源卷.北京:海洋出版社,2014Zhou Shouwei.Study on development strategy of China’s marine engineering and technology:marine energy volumes.Beijing:China Ocean Press,2014
4周守为,李清平,朱海山,等.海洋能源勘探开发技术现状与展望.中国工程科学,2016;18(2):19-21Zhou Shouwei,Li Qingping,Zhu Haishan,et al.The current state and future of offshore energy exploration and development technology.Engineering Sciences,2016;18(2):19-21
5 Sloan E D,Koh C A.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases.3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007
6 Freij-Ayoub R,Tan C,Clennell B,et al.A wellbore stability model for hydrate bearing sediments.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007;57(1):209-220
7 Ebeltoft H,Yousif M,Soergaard E.Hydrate control during deep water drilling:overview and new drilling fluids formulations.SPE Drilling&Completion,2001;16(1):19-26
8高书阳,王成彪,石秉忠,等.钻井液中天然气水合物生成影响因素研究.科学技术与工程,2015;15(25):17-21Gao Shuyang,Wang Chengbiao,Shi Bingzhong,et al.Study for natural gas hydrate formation influential factors in drilling fluid.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(25):17-21
9 Rashid S,Fayazi A,Harimi B,et al.Evolving a robust approach for accurate prediction of methane hydrate formation temperature in the presence of salt inhibitor.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2014;18(2):194-204
10 Zhao X,Qiu Z,Zhou G,et al.Synergism of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on the performance of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)in deepwater drilling fluid.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015;23:47-54
11闫柯乐,孙长宇,张红星,等.水合物动力学抑制剂在油水体系内抑制性能实验研究.科学技术与工程,2016;16(18):170-175Yan Kele,Sun Changyu,Zhang Hongxing,et al.Experimental study on the inhibition performance of hydrate kinetic inhibitor in the oil-water system.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(18):170-175
12全红平,李强,陈唐东,等.一种动力学天然气水合物抑制剂合成研究.科学技术与工程,2013;13(14):3986-3989Quan Hongping,Li Qiang,Chen Tangdong,et al.Synthesis of a dynamic gas hydrate inhibitor.Science Technology and Engineering,2013;13(14):3986-3989
13李令东,程远方,孙晓杰,等.水合物沉积物试验岩样制备及力学性质研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012;36(4):97-101Li Lingdong,Cheng Yuanfang,Sun Xiaojie,et al.Experimental sample preparation and mechanical properties study of hydrate bearing sediments.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012;36(4):97-101
14李淑霞,陈月明,王晓红,等.填砂模型中天然气水合物合成及降压分解实验研究.油气田地面工程,2009;28(7):1-3Li Shuxia,Chen Yueming,Wang Xiaohong,et al.Experimental research on natural gas hydrate forming and depressurized decomposition in the sand-packed model.Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2009;28(7):1-3
15梁永兴,曾溅辉,郭依群,等.神狐钻探区天然气水合物成藏地质条件分析.现代地质,2013;27(2):425-434Liang Yongxing,Zeng Jianhui,Guo Yiqun,et al.Analysis of natural gas hydrate accumulation conditions of Shenhu prospect.Geoscience,2013;27(2):425-434
16胡高伟,业渝光,张剑,等.沉积物中天然气水合物微观分布模式及其声学响应特征.天然气工业,2010;30(3):120-124Hu Gaowei,Ye Yuguang,Zhang Jian,et al.Micro-Models of gas hydrate and their impact on the acoustic properties of the host sediments.Natural Gas Industry,2010;30(3):120-124
17 Wu M,Wang S M,Liu H B.A study on inhibitors for the prevention of hydrate formation in gas transmission pipeline.Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry,2007;16(1):81-85
18SükrüM.Drilling of gas hydrate reservoirs.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016;35:1167-1179
19宁伏龙,吴翔,张凌,等.天然气水合物地层钻井时水基钻井液性能实验研究.天然气工业,2006;26(1):52-55Ning Fulong,Wu Xiang,Zhang Ling,et al.Experimental study on performance of water-based drilling fluid used to drill formations with gas hydrate.Natural Gas Industry,2006;26(1):52-55
20邱存家,陈礼仪,朱宗培.天然气水合物钻探中钻井液的使用.探矿工程,2002;4:36-37Qiu Cunjia,Chen Liyi,Zhu Zongpei.The application of the drilling fluid in the natural gas hydrates drilling.Exploration Engineering,2002;4:36-37
2于兴河,王建忠,梁金强,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物沉积成藏特征.石油学报,2014;35(2):253-264Yu Xinghe,Wang Jianzhong,Liang Jinqiang,et al.Depositional accumulation characteristics of gas hydrate in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014;35(2):253-264
3周守为.中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究:海洋能源卷.北京:海洋出版社,2014Zhou Shouwei.Study on development strategy of China’s marine engineering and technology:marine energy volumes.Beijing:China Ocean Press,2014
4周守为,李清平,朱海山,等.海洋能源勘探开发技术现状与展望.中国工程科学,2016;18(2):19-21Zhou Shouwei,Li Qingping,Zhu Haishan,et al.The current state and future of offshore energy exploration and development technology.Engineering Sciences,2016;18(2):19-21
5 Sloan E D,Koh C A.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases.3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007
6 Freij-Ayoub R,Tan C,Clennell B,et al.A wellbore stability model for hydrate bearing sediments.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007;57(1):209-220
7 Ebeltoft H,Yousif M,Soergaard E.Hydrate control during deep water drilling:overview and new drilling fluids formulations.SPE Drilling&Completion,2001;16(1):19-26
8高书阳,王成彪,石秉忠,等.钻井液中天然气水合物生成影响因素研究.科学技术与工程,2015;15(25):17-21Gao Shuyang,Wang Chengbiao,Shi Bingzhong,et al.Study for natural gas hydrate formation influential factors in drilling fluid.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(25):17-21
9 Rashid S,Fayazi A,Harimi B,et al.Evolving a robust approach for accurate prediction of methane hydrate formation temperature in the presence of salt inhibitor.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2014;18(2):194-204
10 Zhao X,Qiu Z,Zhou G,et al.Synergism of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on the performance of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)in deepwater drilling fluid.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015;23:47-54
11闫柯乐,孙长宇,张红星,等.水合物动力学抑制剂在油水体系内抑制性能实验研究.科学技术与工程,2016;16(18):170-175Yan Kele,Sun Changyu,Zhang Hongxing,et al.Experimental study on the inhibition performance of hydrate kinetic inhibitor in the oil-water system.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(18):170-175
12全红平,李强,陈唐东,等.一种动力学天然气水合物抑制剂合成研究.科学技术与工程,2013;13(14):3986-3989Quan Hongping,Li Qiang,Chen Tangdong,et al.Synthesis of a dynamic gas hydrate inhibitor.Science Technology and Engineering,2013;13(14):3986-3989
13李令东,程远方,孙晓杰,等.水合物沉积物试验岩样制备及力学性质研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012;36(4):97-101Li Lingdong,Cheng Yuanfang,Sun Xiaojie,et al.Experimental sample preparation and mechanical properties study of hydrate bearing sediments.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012;36(4):97-101
14李淑霞,陈月明,王晓红,等.填砂模型中天然气水合物合成及降压分解实验研究.油气田地面工程,2009;28(7):1-3Li Shuxia,Chen Yueming,Wang Xiaohong,et al.Experimental research on natural gas hydrate forming and depressurized decomposition in the sand-packed model.Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2009;28(7):1-3
15梁永兴,曾溅辉,郭依群,等.神狐钻探区天然气水合物成藏地质条件分析.现代地质,2013;27(2):425-434Liang Yongxing,Zeng Jianhui,Guo Yiqun,et al.Analysis of natural gas hydrate accumulation conditions of Shenhu prospect.Geoscience,2013;27(2):425-434
16胡高伟,业渝光,张剑,等.沉积物中天然气水合物微观分布模式及其声学响应特征.天然气工业,2010;30(3):120-124Hu Gaowei,Ye Yuguang,Zhang Jian,et al.Micro-Models of gas hydrate and their impact on the acoustic properties of the host sediments.Natural Gas Industry,2010;30(3):120-124
17 Wu M,Wang S M,Liu H B.A study on inhibitors for the prevention of hydrate formation in gas transmission pipeline.Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry,2007;16(1):81-85
18SükrüM.Drilling of gas hydrate reservoirs.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016;35:1167-1179
19宁伏龙,吴翔,张凌,等.天然气水合物地层钻井时水基钻井液性能实验研究.天然气工业,2006;26(1):52-55Ning Fulong,Wu Xiang,Zhang Ling,et al.Experimental study on performance of water-based drilling fluid used to drill formations with gas hydrate.Natural Gas Industry,2006;26(1):52-55
20邱存家,陈礼仪,朱宗培.天然气水合物钻探中钻井液的使用.探矿工程,2002;4:36-37Qiu Cunjia,Chen Liyi,Zhu Zongpei.The application of the drilling fluid in the natural gas hydrates drilling.Exploration Engineering,2002;4:36-37