钻井液在致密砂岩中裂缝的侵入深度模型
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摘要
克深井区储层的孔隙结构与裂缝特征造成钻井过程中钻井液大量漏失,其中的固相颗粒会堵塞裂缝,使得部分生产井在完井后产量偏低甚至无产量,现场主要是通过酸压来解决这类问题。对于裂缝性气藏的酸压而言,需要知道钻井液在裂缝中的侵入深度变化,以便于设计施工参数,评价酸压效果。针对这一问题,根据牛顿流体在裂缝中的流动机理,裂缝宽度的变化以及裂缝壁面的滤失等,建立了钻井液在单一裂缝中的漏失动力模型,根据裂缝内钻井液压力的分布来定量描述钻井液的侵入深度,考虑并分析了该模型的侵入深度与侵入时间,压差和裂缝宽度之间的相互关系。最后,利用该模型计算了克深井区获得增产效果的酸压井中钻井液的侵入深度和酸液的侵入深度,通过增产井中二者之间的关系,从而间接证明了该模型。
The pore structure and fractures of the reservoir in the Keshen site of the Kelasu Gas Field cause significant leakage of drilling fluids while drilling. In particular, solid particles block the fractures, leading to low or even zero productivity for some wells after completion. In the field, acid fracturing is mainly employed to remove blockage. The variations in the invasion depth of the drilling fluid in fractures can reflect the performance of acid fracturing. Concerning this issue, according to the flow mechanism of Newtonian fluids in fractures, fracture aperture variations, and filtration losses of fracture walls, a dynamic model for drilling fluid leakage in a single fracture is established. The invasion depth of the drilling fluid is quantitatively described based on the distribution of the drilling fluid pressure inside the fracture. The relationship between the invasion depth and invasion time and that between the pressure difference and fracture aperture are considered and analyzed. Finally, using the established model, the relationship between the invasion depths of the acid and drilling fluid is predicted. The results are compared with the actual values obtained from the Keshen C well, indirectly validating the model.
The pore structure and fractures of the reservoir in the Keshen site of the Kelasu Gas Field cause significant leakage of drilling fluids while drilling. In particular, solid particles block the fractures, leading to low or even zero productivity for some wells after completion. In the field, acid fracturing is mainly employed to remove blockage. The variations in the invasion depth of the drilling fluid in fractures can reflect the performance of acid fracturing. Concerning this issue, according to the flow mechanism of Newtonian fluids in fractures, fracture aperture variations, and filtration losses of fracture walls, a dynamic model for drilling fluid leakage in a single fracture is established. The invasion depth of the drilling fluid is quantitatively described based on the distribution of the drilling fluid pressure inside the fracture. The relationship between the invasion depth and invasion time and that between the pressure difference and fracture aperture are considered and analyzed. Finally, using the established model, the relationship between the invasion depths of the acid and drilling fluid is predicted. The results are compared with the actual values obtained from the Keshen C well, indirectly validating the model.
引文
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[2]蒋官澄,张弘,吴晓波,等.致密砂岩气藏润湿性对液相圈闭损害的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(6):50-54.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.06.013JIANG Guancheng,ZHANG Hong,WU Xiaobo,et al.Effect of tight sandstone gas reservoir wettability on liquid traps damage[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(6):50-54.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.06.013
[3]王俊鹏,张荣虎,赵继龙,等.超深层致密砂岩储层裂缝定量评价及预测研究——以塔里木盆地克深气田为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1735-1745.doi:10.11764./j.issn.1672-1926.2014.11.1735WANG Junpeng,ZHANG Ronghu,ZHAO Jilong,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of fractures in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir:Taking Keshen Gas Field in Tarim Basin,NW China as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1735-1745.doi:10.11764/j.-issn.1672-1926.2014.11.1735
[4]QUTOB H,BYRNE M.Formation damage in tight gas reservoirs[C].SPE 174237-MS,2015.doi:10.2118/-174237-MS
[5]张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,等.超深层裂缝-孔隙塑致密砂岩储集层表征与评价——以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):158-167.doi:10.11698/PED.2014.0204ZHANG Huiliang,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,et al.Characterization and evaluation ofultra-deep fracturepore tight sandstone reservoirs:A case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa foreland Basin,Tarim,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):158-167.doi:10.-11698/PED.2014.0204
[6]曾义金,刘建立.深井超深井钻井技术现状和发展趋势[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(5):1-5.doi:10.3969/-j.issn.1001-0890.2005.05.001ZENG Yijin,LIU Jianli.Technical status and developmental trend of drilling techniques in deep and ultra-deep wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(5):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2005.05.001
[7]李永平,程兴生,张福祥,等.异常高压深井裂缝性厚层砂岩储层“酸化+酸压”技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,32(3):76-80.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2010.03.018LI Yongping,CHENG Xingsheng,ZHANG Fuxiang,et al.Acid fracturing technology for thick fractured sandstone reservoir of deep wells with abnormal high pressure[J].Oil Driling&Production Technology,2007,32(3):76-80.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2010.03.018
[8]肖鑫,王建民,刘兆龙,等.库车坳陷克深9气藏储层特征及成岩作用研究[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(1):26-29.XIAO Xin,WANG Jianming,LIU Zhaolong,et al.Study on reservoir characteristics and diagenesis of Keshen 9 gas reservoir in Kuqa Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(1):26-29.
[9]张荣虎,张惠良,寿建峰,等.库车坳陷大北地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分析[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):507-517.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.-2008.03.006ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,SHOU Jianfeng,et al.Geological analysis on reservoir mechanism of the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Dabei Area of the Kuqa Depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):507-517.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.-2008.03.006
[10]屈海洲,张福祥,王振宇,等.基于岩心-电成像测井的裂缝定量表征方法——以库车坳陷ks2区块白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):425-432.doi:10.11696/PED.2016.03.13QU Haizhou,ZHANG Fuxiang,WANG Zhenyu,et al.Quantitative fracture evaluation method based on coreimage logging:A case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in ks2 well area,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):425-432.doi:10.11696/PED.2016.-03.13
[11]张荣虎,张惠良,马玉杰,等.特低孔特低渗高产储层成因机制——以库车坳陷大北1气田巴什基奇克组储层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):75-82.ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,MA Yujie,et al.Origin of extra low porosity and permeability high production reseroirs:A case from Bashijiqike Reservoir of Dabei1 Oilfield,Kuqa Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(1):75-82.
[12]BREGE J J,PIETRANGELI G A,MCKELLAR A J,et al.Fluid formulations for cleaning oil-based or synthetic oil-based mud filter cakes:U.S.Patent Application14/478,510[P].United States Patent and Trademark Office,2014-9-5.
[13]张虎俊.青西油田深层复杂岩性裂缝性油藏储层改造关键技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油大学,2009.ZHANG Hujun.Study and application of stimulatiing technology on deep fractured reservoir with complex lithology in Qingxi Oilfield[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2009.
[14]朱金智,游利军,李家学,等.油基钻井液对超深裂缝性致密砂岩气藏的保护能力评价[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):62-68.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2017.02.008ZHU Jinzhi,YOU Lijun,LI Jiaxue,et al.Damage evaluation on oil-based drill-in fluids for ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):62-68.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2017.02.008
[15]LAVROVA,TRONVOLL J.Mud loss into a single fracture during drilling of petroleum wells:Modeling approach[C]//Development and Application of Discontinuous Modelling for Rock Engineering:Proceedings of the6th International Conference ICADD-6,Trondheim,Norway,2003:189-198.
[16]LAVTOV A,TRONVOLL J.Modeling mud loss in fractured formations[C].SPE 88700-MS,2004.doi:10.2118/-88700-MS
[17]LAVTOV A.Newtonian fluid flow from an arbitrarilyoriented fracture into a single sink[J].Acta Mechanica,2006,186(1-4):55-74.doi:10.1007/s00707-006-0324-9
[18]SANFILIPPO F,BRIGNOLI M,SANTARELLI F J,et al.Characterization of conductive fractures while drilling[C].SPE 38177-MS,1997.doi:10.2118/38177-MS
[19]OZDEMIRTAS M,BABADAGLI T,KURU E.Effects of fractal fracture surface roughness on borehole ballooning[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2009,8(1):250-257.doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0174
[20]OZDEMIRTAS M,KURU E,BABADAGLI T.Experimental investigation of borehole ballooning due to flow of non-Newtonian fluids into fractured rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(7):1200-1206.doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.07.002
[21]OZDEMIRTAS M,BABADAGLI T,KURU E.Experimental and numerical investigations of borehole ballooning in rough fractures[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2009,24(2):256-265.doi:10.2118/110121-PA
[22]BROWN S R.Fluid flow through rock joints:The effect of surface roughness[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth and Planets,1987,92(B2):1337-1347.doi:10.1029/JB092iB02p01337
[23]BROWN S R,STOCKMAN H W,REEVES S J.Applicability of the Reynolds equation for modeling fluid flow between rough surfaces[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1995,22(18):2537-2540.doi:10.1029/95GL02666
[24]BROWN S R,SCHOLZ S H.Broad bandwidth study of the topography of natural rock surfaces[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth and Planets,1985,90(B14):2575-2582.doi:10.1029/JB090iB14p12575
[25]范翔宇,龚明,夏宏泉,等.裂缝性致密砂岩储层钻井液侵入深度的定量计算方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):110-111.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2012.06.015FAN Xiangyu,GONG Ming,XIA Hongquan,et al.A quantitative calculation method of the invasion depth of drilling fluids in fractured tight sandstone reservoir[J].Nature Gas Industry,2012,32(6):110-111.doi:10.3787/j.-issn.1000-0976.2012.06.015
[26]叶艳,安文华,滕学清,等.裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层的钻井液侵入预测模型[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):504-508.YE Yan,AN Wenhua,TENG Xueqing,et al.The prediction model for the drilling fluid invasion in fractured carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):504-508.
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