高性能水基钻井液在长宁页岩气区块研究与应用
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摘要
近几年,随着我国石油天然气勘探开发力度向非常规能源井加大,页岩气井的勘探开发数量与日俱增。根据页岩气井的成藏机理,采用水平井钻井是实现高效开采页岩气的最佳方式。但是,由于页岩表面特性为水油双亲型,页岩层理和裂缝具有较强的毛细管力,同时,因为页岩地层具有倾角大、层理和裂缝发育成熟,导致在沿着最小主应力方向钻进过程中,钻井液中的液相会侵入发育成熟的层理和裂缝中,液相压力通过层理和裂缝进行传递,最终容易导致井壁失稳垮塌。因此,如何对发育成熟的页岩地层实施强化封堵以减少液相进入地层而造成的压力传递是解决井壁失稳垮塌的关键。文章针对四川长宁页岩气区块龙马溪组地层水平井长水平段钻井,根据对该区块页岩矿物成分和微观结构的分析,对高性能水基钻井液提出了相应的技术措施,建立了一套密度2. 10g/cm~3左右、抗温130℃的高性能水基钻井液体系,并对其各方面性能开展了室内评价,最终在长宁页岩气区块取得了成功的现场应用,同时取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。
As exploration and development of unconventional resources increase,the number of shale gas wells grow rapidly. According to the reservoir accumulation mechanism of shale gas wells,the horizontal well drilling is the best way to realize highly efficient exploitation. However,there is strong capillarity on the shale surface due to the water/oil amphiphilic type. Because the shale formation has large dip,beddings and fractures developed mature,the liquid phase will invade through the beddings and fractures,leading to well collapse when drilling along the direction of the minimum principal stress. Therefore,how to plug the mature shale formation to reduce the liquid into the formation caused by the pressure transmission is the key to avoid the collapse. Based on the analysis of the mineral composition and microstructure of shale in the Longmaxi formation of Changning shale gas block in Sichuan Province,the corresponding technical measures for high performance WBM is proposed.It has a density of about 2. 10 g/cm~3 and a working temperature of 130℃,all its performance evaluated indoor. Finally,a successful field application is finished in Changning shale gas area,and good economic and social benefits achieved.
As exploration and development of unconventional resources increase,the number of shale gas wells grow rapidly. According to the reservoir accumulation mechanism of shale gas wells,the horizontal well drilling is the best way to realize highly efficient exploitation. However,there is strong capillarity on the shale surface due to the water/oil amphiphilic type. Because the shale formation has large dip,beddings and fractures developed mature,the liquid phase will invade through the beddings and fractures,leading to well collapse when drilling along the direction of the minimum principal stress. Therefore,how to plug the mature shale formation to reduce the liquid into the formation caused by the pressure transmission is the key to avoid the collapse. Based on the analysis of the mineral composition and microstructure of shale in the Longmaxi formation of Changning shale gas block in Sichuan Province,the corresponding technical measures for high performance WBM is proposed.It has a density of about 2. 10 g/cm~3 and a working temperature of 130℃,all its performance evaluated indoor. Finally,a successful field application is finished in Changning shale gas area,and good economic and social benefits achieved.
引文
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[2]闫传梁,邓金根,蔚宝华.页岩气储层井壁坍塌压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):46-49.
[3]龙大清,樊相生,王昆,等.应用与中国页岩气水平井的高性能水基钻井液[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(1):17-21.
[4]汪洋.白油基钻井液的性能研究[J].扬州工业职业技术学院论丛,2012(1):21-25.
[5]万小迅.川西页岩气藏新型水基钻井液体系的性能评价及现场应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2015,44(6):96-100.
[6]明显森,贺海,王星媛.四川长宁区块页岩气水平井水基钻井液技术的研究与应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2017,46(5):69-73.
[7]李林,黄文章,向林,等.高效环保型页岩气开发水基钻井液体系研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2017,46(6):71-74.
[8]聂靖霜,王华平,王富渝.长宁威远地区页岩气大斜度水平井钻井技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(3):83-85.
[9]何涛,李茂森,杨兰平,等.油基钻井液在威远地区页岩气水平井中的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(3):32-36.