不同淀粉源日粮添加苹果酸盐对生长育肥羊消化率及代谢的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究不同淀粉源日粮(小麦或大麦-木薯型)添加苹果酸盐对生长育肥羊生长性能、消化率及代谢的影响。试验选择平均体重(13.12±0.54)kg的肉羊32只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种淀粉来源日粮,小麦型或大麦-木薯型,添加0或2 g/kg苹果酸盐,试验共进行21 d。结果 :日粮添加苹果酸盐显著提高了中性洗涤纤维和苹果酸的摄入量(P <0.05);日粮淀粉类型和添加苹果酸盐对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、淀粉和苹果酸的摄入量具有显著交互作用(P <0.05)。日粮添加苹果酸盐显著降低了干物质、有机物的表观消化系数(P <0.05);大麦型-木薯型日粮较小麦型日粮显著提高了干物质和有机物的表观消化系数(P <0.05)。与小麦型日粮相比,大麦型-木薯型日粮显著降低了尿中能量含量(P <0.05);小麦型日粮较大麦型-木薯型日粮日粮显著提高了尿氮含量(P <0.05);日粮淀粉类型和苹果酸盐对氮摄入量、粪氮、可消化氮及氮沉积量的影响有显著交互作用(P <0.05)。结论 :小麦或大麦-木薯型日粮对生长育肥羊的日增重和料重比无显著影响,日粮添加苹果酸盐降低了干物质和有机物的表观消化率。日粮淀粉类型和苹果酸对氮摄入量和氮沉积量的影响具有显著交互效应。
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different starch(wheat or barley-manioc)supplementation of malate on digestibility and energy as well as nitrogen metabolism of lambs. Thirty two lambs were assigned to 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 lamb. The diet treatments were wheat diet,wheat+1 g/kg malate diet,barley-manioc diet and barley-manioc+1 g/kg malate diet. The trial last 21 d. Results showed that adding malate to the diets increased intakes of neutral detergent fiber and malate(P <0.05). Interactions(malate×starch source)were observed in dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,starch and malate intakes(P <0.05). Addition of malate decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility(P <0.05). The lambs fed barley-manioc diets had lower energy contents in urine than lambs fed wheat diets(P <0.05). There were significant interaction between starch source and malate in nitrogen intake,nitrogen in feces,digestive nitrogen and nitrogen retention(P <0.05). In conclusion,the effects of wheat or barley-manioc diets on the average daily gain and feed gain ration were similar. Dietary supplementation of malate reduced digestibility of dry matter and organic matter,while starch source and malate had significant interaction effect on the nitrogen intake and retention.
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different starch(wheat or barley-manioc)supplementation of malate on digestibility and energy as well as nitrogen metabolism of lambs. Thirty two lambs were assigned to 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 lamb. The diet treatments were wheat diet,wheat+1 g/kg malate diet,barley-manioc diet and barley-manioc+1 g/kg malate diet. The trial last 21 d. Results showed that adding malate to the diets increased intakes of neutral detergent fiber and malate(P <0.05). Interactions(malate×starch source)were observed in dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,starch and malate intakes(P <0.05). Addition of malate decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility(P <0.05). The lambs fed barley-manioc diets had lower energy contents in urine than lambs fed wheat diets(P <0.05). There were significant interaction between starch source and malate in nitrogen intake,nitrogen in feces,digestive nitrogen and nitrogen retention(P <0.05). In conclusion,the effects of wheat or barley-manioc diets on the average daily gain and feed gain ration were similar. Dietary supplementation of malate reduced digestibility of dry matter and organic matter,while starch source and malate had significant interaction effect on the nitrogen intake and retention.
引文
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[15]Willms C L,Berger L L,Merchen N R et al. Effects of increasing crude protein level on nitrogen retention and intestinal supply of amino acids in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxidetreated wheat straw[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69:4939~4950.
[2]Carro M D,Lopez S,Valdds C et al. Effect of dl-malate on mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation using the rumen simulation technique[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,1999,79:279~288.
[3]Carro M D,Ranilla M J. Effect of the addition of malate on in vitro rumen fermentation of cereal grains[J].Br J Nutr,2003,89:181~188.
[4]Carro M D,Ranilla M J,Giraldez F J et al. Effects of malate on diet digestibility,microbial protein synthesis,plasma metabolites,and performance of growing lambs fed a high-concentrate diet[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84:405~410.
[5]Castillo C,Beneditio J L,Mendez J et al. Organic acids as a substitute for monensin in diets for beef cattle[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2004,115:101~116.
[6]Channon A F,Rowe J B,Herd R M. Genetic variation in starch digestion in feedlot cattle and its association with residual feed intake[J].Aust J Exp Agric,2004,44:469~474.
[7]Coverdale J A,Tyler H D,Quigley J D et al. Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:2554~2562.
[8]Flores C. Improving performance of sheep using fibrolytic enzymes in dairy ewes and malate in fattening lambs[D].Universitat Autonomade Barcelona,Spain,2004,106.
[9]Krehbiel C R,Britton R A,Harmon D L et al. Effects of ruminal acidosis on volatile fatty acid absorption and plasma activities of pancreatic enzymes in lambs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:3111~3121.
[10]Martin S A,Streeter M N. Effect of malate on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:2141~2145.
[11]Martin SA,Sullivan H M,Evans J D. Effect of sugars and malate on ruminal microorganisms[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83:2574~2579.
[12]Tjardes K E,Kuskirk D D,Allen M S et al. Brown midrib-3corn silage improves digestion but not performance of growing beef steers[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78:2957~2965.
[13]Underwood J. Rumen lactic acidosis. Part I:Epidemiology and pathophysiology[J].Compend Con Educ Pract Vet,1992,14:1127~1134.
[14]Wanapat M. Manipulation of cassava cultivation and utilization to improve protein to energy biomass for livestock feeding in the tropics[J].Asian-Aust J Anim Sci,2003,16:463~472.
[15]Willms C L,Berger L L,Merchen N R et al. Effects of increasing crude protein level on nitrogen retention and intestinal supply of amino acids in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxidetreated wheat straw[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69:4939~4950.