太行山淇河流域土地利用变化对生境的影响
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摘要
山地作为陆地表面的特殊地域单元,地形起伏较大,生态系统较为脆弱,对全球变化信号有放大作用。因此,研究山地土地利用变化对生境质量的影响,对于权衡区域生态保护与发展及土地资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本文基于InVEST模型,结合土地利用数据,并从地形起伏度视角,对太行山淇河流域2000-2015年生境质量进行研究。结果表明:(1)2000-2015年期间,淇河流域土地利用变化表现为耕地、林地面积逐渐减少,草地、建设用地面积逐渐增加。(2)流域整体生境质量较好,平均生境质量指数均超过0.7,且2015年有明显提升。(3)淇河流域的生境质量变化受地类变化影响较大。耕地、草地、建设用地由于受到过人为干扰的影响,其生境出现不同程度的退化;采伐、毁林开荒等行为导致林地的生境也开始缓慢退化,但由于林地的植被覆盖度较高,抗干扰能力较强,加上逐渐开始对其进行恢复,生境质量水平依然较高。(4)该流域生境质量在地形起伏度上的分布特征表现为平坦区和微起伏区以一般等级生境质量为主,小起伏区和中起伏区则以高度重要和极重要等级生境质量为主。
Mountain areas are ecologically fragile and play an important role in providing ecosystem services and in regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of land use change on habitat quality in these areas for balancing regional ecological protection and development. Taking the Qihe River Basin in the southern part of Taihang Mountains as the research area and based on land-use and ecological threat data, this study used the habitat quality module of the InVEST model to analyze the change of habitat quality index of the Qihe River Basin in four periods 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 from the aspects of land-use change and topographic relief. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of land-use change on habitat quality and to explore the spatial distribution pattern of habitat quality, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and land-use planning in the river basin. The results show that:(1) During 2000-2015, in the Qihe River Basin cultivated land and forest land decreased gradually, and the area of grassland and construction land increased.(2) The overall habitat quality of the river basin was good, and the average value of habitat quality was over 0.7. Habitat quality had been significantly improved by 2015.(3)Change of habitat quality in the Qihe River Basin was greatly influenced by the changes of land-use types. The habitats of cultivated land, grassland, and construction land had degraded to varying degrees due to human disturbances; and the habitats of woodlands began to degrade slowly because of deforestation and land reclamation. However, due to the high vegetation coverage and strong ability to resist disturbances, and the gradual restoration of woodlands, the habitat quality is still high.(4) Moderate habitat quality is dominant in flat and slightly fluctuating areas, while the high and very high grades of habitat quality are dominant in topographically rugged areas.
Mountain areas are ecologically fragile and play an important role in providing ecosystem services and in regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of land use change on habitat quality in these areas for balancing regional ecological protection and development. Taking the Qihe River Basin in the southern part of Taihang Mountains as the research area and based on land-use and ecological threat data, this study used the habitat quality module of the InVEST model to analyze the change of habitat quality index of the Qihe River Basin in four periods 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 from the aspects of land-use change and topographic relief. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of land-use change on habitat quality and to explore the spatial distribution pattern of habitat quality, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and land-use planning in the river basin. The results show that:(1) During 2000-2015, in the Qihe River Basin cultivated land and forest land decreased gradually, and the area of grassland and construction land increased.(2) The overall habitat quality of the river basin was good, and the average value of habitat quality was over 0.7. Habitat quality had been significantly improved by 2015.(3)Change of habitat quality in the Qihe River Basin was greatly influenced by the changes of land-use types. The habitats of cultivated land, grassland, and construction land had degraded to varying degrees due to human disturbances; and the habitats of woodlands began to degrade slowly because of deforestation and land reclamation. However, due to the high vegetation coverage and strong ability to resist disturbances, and the gradual restoration of woodlands, the habitat quality is still high.(4) Moderate habitat quality is dominant in flat and slightly fluctuating areas, while the high and very high grades of habitat quality are dominant in topographically rugged areas.
引文
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王琼,卢聪,韩青,等.2017.太子河流域生境质量及其与社会经济的关系[J].生态学杂志,36(10):2917-2925.[Wang Q,Lu C,Han Q,et al.2017.Habitat quality and its relationship with social economy in Taizi River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,36(10):2917-2925.]
吴健生,曹祺文,石淑芹,等.2015.基于土地利用变化的京津冀生境质量时空演变[J].应用生态学报,26(11):3457-3466.[Wu J S,Cao Q W,Shi S Q,et al.Spatio-temporal variability of habitat quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area based on land ues change[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,26(11):3457-3466.]
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吴未,张敏,许丽萍,等.2015.土地利用变化对生境网络的影响:以苏锡常地区白鹭为例[J].生态学报,35(14):4897-4906.[Wu W,Zhang M,Xu L P,et al.2015.The impact of land use change on habitat network:A case study of Egretta garzetta in Su-Xi-Chang area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,35(14):4897-4906.]
吴哲,陈歆,刘贝贝,等.2013.InVEST模型及其应用的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,33(4):58-62.[Wu Z,Chen X,Liu B B,et al.2013.Research progress and application of InVEST model[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,33(4):58-62.]
杨建强,朱永贵,宋文鹏,等.2014.基于生境质量和生态响应的莱州湾生态环境质量评价[J].生态学报,34(1):105-114.[Yang J Q,Zhu Y G,Song W P,et al.2014.The ecoenvironmental evaluation based on habitat quality and ecological response of Laizhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(1):105-114.]
杨娟,葛剑平,洪军.2006.卧龙地区流域土地覆盖变化及其对大熊猫潜在生境的影响[J].生态学报,26(6):1975-1980.[Yang J,Ge J P,Hong J.2006.The land cover changes of watersheds in Wolong and their impacts on Giant Panda potential habitats[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,26(6):1975-1980.]
杨朦,龚毅,何蕊.2016.资源枯竭型城市生态景观现状研究:以鹤壁市淇河生态区为例[J].绿色科技,(15):107-110.[Yang M,Gong Y,He R,et al.Resource exhausted city ecological landscape situation:A case study of Qihe River Ecological District of Hebi[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,(15):107-110.]
叶亚平,刘鲁君.2000.中国省域生态环境质量评价指标体系研究[J].环境科学研究,13(3):33-36.[Ye Y P,Liu L J.2000.Research on index system of provincial eco-environmental quality evaluation in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,13(3):33-36.]
余新晓,周彬,吕锡芝,等.2012.基于InVEST模型的北京山区森林水源涵养功能评估[J].林业科学,48(10):1-5.[Yu X X,Zhou B,Lv X Z,et al.Assessment of forest water conservation function in Beijing mountainous area based on InVEST model[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,48(10):1-5.]
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