改进的水动力参数模型在非饱和土壤溶质运移问题中的应用
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摘要
传统水分和溶质运移参数模型(导水率、扩散率和水动力弥散系数)只是含水率的函数,难以反映土壤初始含盐量以及溶液浓度对含水率和溶质入渗透性的影响。该文对传统以含水率为变量的水动力参数模型进行改进(引入反映浓度的参数α、β和γ),并通过室内不同初始含盐量(2、4、6、8和10g.kg-1)清水淋洗试验和不同浓度氯化钠溶液(0、15、25、50和100g.L-1)入渗试验对模型进行验证。试验表明土壤初始含盐量和入渗溶液浓度越大,相同入渗时间湿润锋和累积入渗量越小。数值模拟表明:(1)含水率和溶质浓度的实测值与计算值吻合较好,改进后的模型较传统模型精度提高了6.31%;(2)参数α、β和γ越大,相同位置含水率和溶质浓度越大,相同时间湿润锋运移距离越大。参数敏感性分析表明,参数α、β和γ对扩散率、导水率及水动力弥散系数的敏感度不受含水率的影响,但随着浓度的增大而增大。
Because of the traditional model of unsaturated soil solute transport parameters(hydraulic conductivity,diffusivity,and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient) is only the function of water content,So it is difficult to reflect the influence of the solute initial salt content and solution concentration on the distribution of water content and solute.In this paper,the author improve the soil solute transport parameters model based on it,and provide a new model(the parameters denoted as(α,β,γ) which reflect the influence of the soil initial salt content and solution concentration on the distribution of water content and solute.Two groups of experimental has been carried out to verify the accuracy of improved model,one is the leaching experiment under the condition of initial soil salt content different initial(2、4、6、8、10 g.kg-1),anther is the infiltration experiment under the condition of different solution concentration(0、15、25、50、100 g.L-1).The experiment demonstrates that the higher of initial soil salt content and solution concentration the smaller the soil water content at the same distance,and the shorter distance of wetting front and cumulative infiltration at the same time.Numerical simulation shows that:(1) the measured values agree with calculated values for water content and solute concentration,the simulation accuracy is improved 6.31% than traditional model.(2) The better of the parameter α,β and γ the higher of water content in the same position,and the farther wetting front at the same time.Sensitivity analysis of model parameters shows that soil water content has no impact on sensitivity for parameter α,β and γ,but it increases as solute concentration.
Because of the traditional model of unsaturated soil solute transport parameters(hydraulic conductivity,diffusivity,and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient) is only the function of water content,So it is difficult to reflect the influence of the solute initial salt content and solution concentration on the distribution of water content and solute.In this paper,the author improve the soil solute transport parameters model based on it,and provide a new model(the parameters denoted as(α,β,γ) which reflect the influence of the soil initial salt content and solution concentration on the distribution of water content and solute.Two groups of experimental has been carried out to verify the accuracy of improved model,one is the leaching experiment under the condition of initial soil salt content different initial(2、4、6、8、10 g.kg-1),anther is the infiltration experiment under the condition of different solution concentration(0、15、25、50、100 g.L-1).The experiment demonstrates that the higher of initial soil salt content and solution concentration the smaller the soil water content at the same distance,and the shorter distance of wetting front and cumulative infiltration at the same time.Numerical simulation shows that:(1) the measured values agree with calculated values for water content and solute concentration,the simulation accuracy is improved 6.31% than traditional model.(2) The better of the parameter α,β and γ the higher of water content in the same position,and the farther wetting front at the same time.Sensitivity analysis of model parameters shows that soil water content has no impact on sensitivity for parameter α,β and γ,but it increases as solute concentration.
引文
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[12]王伟,傅臣家,李光永,等.水质对土壤水分扩散率的影响[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(4):627-631.WANG Wei,FU Chen-jia,LI Guang-yong,et al.Effects of water quality on soil water diffusivity[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science,2011,42(4):627-631.
[13]曾文治,黄介生,徐驰,等.KCl溶液对土壤入渗及氯离子运移特性影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):32-35.ZENG Wen-zhi,HUANG Jie-sheng,XU Chi,et al.Effect of KCI solution on soil infiltration and citransport[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(1):32-35.
[14]刘虎,王振宇,魏占民,等.电磁感应式大地电导率仪在土壤学领域中的应用研究[J].天津农业科学,2009,15(1):55-58.LIU Hu,WANG Zhen-yu,WEI Zhan-min,et al.Applied research of electromagnetic induction type soil conductivity meter in the field of soil science[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2009,15(1):55-58.
[15]王雪,樊贵盛.Na+含量对土壤入渗能力影响的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2009,40(4):391-394.WANG Xue,FAN Gui-sheng.Experimental study on the influence of sodium ion content on infiltration capability of soils[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2009,40(4):391-394.
[16]宣家祥,张畹根,于天仁.土壤电化学性质的研究V.土壤对阳离子的结合能与土壤电荷的关系[J].土壤学报,1965,10(3):271-272.YI Jia-xiang,ZHANG Wan-gen,YU Tian-ren.Studies on the electrochemical properties of soils bonding energies of cations in relation to electric charge of the soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(03):486-491
[17]黄明斌,邵明安,王全九,等.土壤物理学[M].北京,中国:高等教育出版社,2006.HUANG Ming-bin,SHAO Ming-an,WANG Quan-jiu,et al.Soil physics[M].Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,2006.
[18]任长江,白丹,周蓓蓓,等.吸附性土壤溶质运移参数识别的粒子群-差分算法[J].土壤学报,2013,50(03):486-491.REN Chang-jiang,BAI Dan,ZHOU Bei-bei,et al.Using particle swarm-finite difference algorithm to identify transport parameters of water solute in adsorptive soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(03):486-491.
[19]费良军,孙洁,任长江,等.基于连续蚁群优化的投影寻踪灌区评价模型[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(07):631-636.FEI Liang-jun,SUN Jie,REN Chang-jiang,et al.Evaluating projection pursuit model of irrigation district based on ant colony optimization algorithm for continuous domains[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2014,32(07):631-636.
[20]李秋云,朱庆保,马卫.用于连续域寻优的分组蚁群算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(30):46-49.LI Qiu-yun,ZHU Qing-bao,MA Wei.Grouped ant colony algorithm for relying continuous optimization problems[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2010,46(30):46-49.
[21]陈效民,刘德辉.农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移参数的确定[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(3):26-27.CHEN Xiao-min,LIU De-hui.Determination of vertical transport parameters of nitrate in farmland soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,27(3):26-27.
[22]ZHANG S,XU D,LI Y,et al.One dimensional coupled model of surface water flow and solute transport for basin fertigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2012,139(3):181-192.
[23]李毅,邵明安,王文焰,等.土壤非饱和导水率模型中参数的敏感性分析[J].水科学进展,2003,14(05):593-597.LI Yi,SHAO Ming-an,WANG Wen-yan,et al.Sensitive analyses of parameters in unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity model[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,14(05):593-597.
[2]VOOETL T.Porous media with linearly variable hydraulic properties[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(10):2735-2740.
[3]孙海燕,王全九,刘建军.施钙浓度对滴灌盐碱土水盐运移特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):20-23.SUN Hai-yan,WANG Quan-jiu,LIU Jian-jun.Water and salt transport characteristics for use-calcium concentration through drip irrigation[J]Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(1):20-23.
[4]马雪姣,张建芳,王岩,等.不同硝酸钾溶液浓度对垂直一维入渗特性影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(6):84-86.MA Xue-jiao,ZHANG Jian-fang,WANG Yan,et al.Effect of different solution concentration on characteristic of one-dimension vertical infiltration[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2009,28(6):84-86.
[5]陈曦,潘英华,郝春红,等.盐溶液对土壤入渗特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(06):3327-3330.CHEN Xi,PAN Ying-hua,HAO Chun-hong,et al.Effect of salt solution on characteristics of soil infiltration[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci,2012,40(06):3327-3330.
[6]武海霞,刘建军,赵启明.尿素溶液浓度对一维垂直入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(06):67-69.WU Hai-xia1,LIU Jian-jun,ZHAO Qi-ming.An experimental study of the influence of urea solution concentration on characteristic of one dimensional vertical infiltration[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2011,(06):67-69.
[7]刘建军,孟媛,任晓慧,等.氯化钠溶液浓度对水平一维入渗特性影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(03):36-38.LIU Jian-jun,MENG Yuan,REN Xiao-hui,et al.Effect of solution concentration of sodium chloride on characteristic of one-dimension horizontal infiltration[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2011(03):36-38.
[8]杨香云,陈晓飞,丁加丽,等.溶质种类和浓度对棕壤土水分扩散率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(3):45-48.YANG Xiang-yun,CHEN Xiao-fei,DING Jia-li,et al.Effects of solute variety and concentration on water diffusivity of brown soil[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2004,23(3):45-48.
[9]郭全恩,王益权,马忠明,等.溶质类型与矿化度对土壤水分扩散率的影响[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(1):90-94.GUO Quan-en,WANG Yi-quan,MA Zhong-ming,et al.Effect of solute type and mineralization’s on soil moisture diffusivity[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(1):90-94.
[10]任长江,白丹,周文,等.土壤初始含盐量对水分入渗特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(02):222-225.REN Chang-jiang,BAI Dan,ZHOU Wen,et al.Effect of initial soil salt content on infiltration of soil water[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(02):222-225.
[11]王晓洋,陈效民,李孝良.不同盐渍化程度滨海盐土的饱和导水率[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(04):446-448.WANG Xiao-yang,CHEN Xiao-min,LI Xiao-Liang.The saturated hydraulic conductivity of in different degree of coastal salinization soil[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(04):446-448.
[12]王伟,傅臣家,李光永,等.水质对土壤水分扩散率的影响[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(4):627-631.WANG Wei,FU Chen-jia,LI Guang-yong,et al.Effects of water quality on soil water diffusivity[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science,2011,42(4):627-631.
[13]曾文治,黄介生,徐驰,等.KCl溶液对土壤入渗及氯离子运移特性影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):32-35.ZENG Wen-zhi,HUANG Jie-sheng,XU Chi,et al.Effect of KCI solution on soil infiltration and citransport[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(1):32-35.
[14]刘虎,王振宇,魏占民,等.电磁感应式大地电导率仪在土壤学领域中的应用研究[J].天津农业科学,2009,15(1):55-58.LIU Hu,WANG Zhen-yu,WEI Zhan-min,et al.Applied research of electromagnetic induction type soil conductivity meter in the field of soil science[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2009,15(1):55-58.
[15]王雪,樊贵盛.Na+含量对土壤入渗能力影响的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2009,40(4):391-394.WANG Xue,FAN Gui-sheng.Experimental study on the influence of sodium ion content on infiltration capability of soils[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2009,40(4):391-394.
[16]宣家祥,张畹根,于天仁.土壤电化学性质的研究V.土壤对阳离子的结合能与土壤电荷的关系[J].土壤学报,1965,10(3):271-272.YI Jia-xiang,ZHANG Wan-gen,YU Tian-ren.Studies on the electrochemical properties of soils bonding energies of cations in relation to electric charge of the soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(03):486-491
[17]黄明斌,邵明安,王全九,等.土壤物理学[M].北京,中国:高等教育出版社,2006.HUANG Ming-bin,SHAO Ming-an,WANG Quan-jiu,et al.Soil physics[M].Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,2006.
[18]任长江,白丹,周蓓蓓,等.吸附性土壤溶质运移参数识别的粒子群-差分算法[J].土壤学报,2013,50(03):486-491.REN Chang-jiang,BAI Dan,ZHOU Bei-bei,et al.Using particle swarm-finite difference algorithm to identify transport parameters of water solute in adsorptive soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(03):486-491.
[19]费良军,孙洁,任长江,等.基于连续蚁群优化的投影寻踪灌区评价模型[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(07):631-636.FEI Liang-jun,SUN Jie,REN Chang-jiang,et al.Evaluating projection pursuit model of irrigation district based on ant colony optimization algorithm for continuous domains[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2014,32(07):631-636.
[20]李秋云,朱庆保,马卫.用于连续域寻优的分组蚁群算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(30):46-49.LI Qiu-yun,ZHU Qing-bao,MA Wei.Grouped ant colony algorithm for relying continuous optimization problems[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2010,46(30):46-49.
[21]陈效民,刘德辉.农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移参数的确定[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(3):26-27.CHEN Xiao-min,LIU De-hui.Determination of vertical transport parameters of nitrate in farmland soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,27(3):26-27.
[22]ZHANG S,XU D,LI Y,et al.One dimensional coupled model of surface water flow and solute transport for basin fertigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2012,139(3):181-192.
[23]李毅,邵明安,王文焰,等.土壤非饱和导水率模型中参数的敏感性分析[J].水科学进展,2003,14(05):593-597.LI Yi,SHAO Ming-an,WANG Wen-yan,et al.Sensitive analyses of parameters in unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity model[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,14(05):593-597.