淬火过程流动及热参数的研究进展
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摘要
流动和热参量是淬火过程中控制淬火质量的关键点。利用热电偶或非接触式温度测量仪可以得到淬火工件表面的温度,并以此对传热过程进行研究,以评定淬火介质的热交换和冷却能力。通过一定技术手段对介质流场结构尤其是流速进行测定,以保证淬火质量、提高淬火效率。淬火过程中发生的汽液两相流动沸腾现象使得淬火过程更加复杂。膜态沸腾阶段和核态沸腾阶段是沸腾现象的重要研究内容,而其中涉及的蒸汽膜物理特性试验研究,以及通过纳米改性技术主动或被动改变试件材料表面微观性质以此改变临界热流密度的试验研究成为当前沸腾现象试验研究的新动向。
Flow and thermal parameters are key points throughout the quenching process to control the heat treatment effect of workpieces.The surface temperature of workpieces,which can be measured by thermocouples or non-contact thermal measuring instrument,was analyzed to investigate the cooling capacity of the quenchant and heat exchange rate between the quenchant and workpiece. The flow field structure of the quenchant,indicated by the flow velocity vectors,was measured to ensure the quenching quality and improve the quenching efficiency.Furthermore,more details have been unveiled through the studies of the vapor-liquid two-phase flow and boiling phenomenon during the quenching process,and the film boiling and nucleate boiling stages are becoming the cutting edge field. Nowadays,actively or passively modifying the surficial micro-properties of workpieces by nano-modification technology has become the research hot point.
Flow and thermal parameters are key points throughout the quenching process to control the heat treatment effect of workpieces.The surface temperature of workpieces,which can be measured by thermocouples or non-contact thermal measuring instrument,was analyzed to investigate the cooling capacity of the quenchant and heat exchange rate between the quenchant and workpiece. The flow field structure of the quenchant,indicated by the flow velocity vectors,was measured to ensure the quenching quality and improve the quenching efficiency.Furthermore,more details have been unveiled through the studies of the vapor-liquid two-phase flow and boiling phenomenon during the quenching process,and the film boiling and nucleate boiling stages are becoming the cutting edge field. Nowadays,actively or passively modifying the surficial micro-properties of workpieces by nano-modification technology has become the research hot point.
引文
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[6]赵源深,杨丽红.薄膜热电偶温度传感器研究进展[J].传感器与微系统,2012,31(2):1-7.Zhao Yuanshen,Yang Lihong.Research progress of thin film thermocouple temperature sensor[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2012,31(2):1-7.
[7]Nallathambi A K,Specht E.Estimation of heat flux in array of jets quenching using experimental and inverse finite element method[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209(12):5325-5332.
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[10]田东,潘健生,毛立忠,等.测量淬火冷却曲线几种热电偶的安装方法[J].金属热处理,1998(11):32-34.Tian Dong,Pan Jiansheng,Mao Lizhong,et al.Thermocouple installation methods in measurement of cooling curves[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1998(11):32-34.
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[13]Maniruzzaman M,Sisson R D Jr.Heat transfer coefficients for quenching process simulation[J].Journal de Physique IV(Proceedings),2004(120):521-528.
[14]Allen F S,Fletcher A J.Effect of surface conditions on generation of stress and strain in quenched steel plates[J].Metal Science Journal,2013,3(4):291-298.
[15]顾剑锋,潘健生,胡明娟.淬火过程中表面综合换热系数的反传热法分析[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(2):19-23.Gu Jianfeng,Pan Jiansheng,Hu Mingjuan.Inverse heat conduction analysis of synthetical surface heat transfer coefficient during quenching process[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1998,32(2):19-23.
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[19]Choo Y J,Song C H.PIV measurements of turbulent jet and pool mixing produced by a steam jet discharge in a subcooled water pool[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2010,240(9):2215-2224.
[20]Chen N L,Liao B,Pan J S,et al.Improvement of the flow rate distribution in quench tank by measurement and computer simulation[J].Materials Letters,2006,60(13/14):1659-1664.
[21]张克俭,王水,郝学志.液态介质中淬火冷却的四阶段理论[J].热处理技术与装备,2006,27(6):14-25.Zhang Kejian,Wang Shui,Hao Xuezhi.The four-stage differentiation of heat removal during quenching in liquid quenchant[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2006,27(6):14-25.
[22]Judd R L,Jr H M.Evaluation of nucleate boiling heat flux predictions at varying levels of subcooling and acceleration[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1972,15(5):1075-1078.
[23]Peyayopanakul W,Westwater J W.Evaluation of the unsteady-state quenching method for determining boiling curves[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1978,21(11):1437-1445.
[24]管鄂.压力调节淬火冷却过程的探讨[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1984(3):153-158.Guan E.An exploration of cooling process in quenching by pressure control[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1984(3):153-158.
[25]Nusselt W.Die Oberflchenkondesation des Wasserdamffes the surface condensation of water[J].Zetrschr Ver Deutch Ing,1916(60):541-546.
[26]佚名.超前扩展点的形成与淬火冷却过程的四点图[J].金属热处理,2014,39(10):88.Anonymity.The formation of advanced expansion point and four points of quenching cooling process[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(10):88-88.
[27]张克俭,王水,郝学志.交界线借用挑战有效厚度观念[J].热处理技术与装备,2007(3):23-28.Zhang Kejian,Wang Shui,Hao Xuezhi.Borrowing the demarcation line has a challenge to the concept of effective thickness[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2007(3):23-28.
[28]张克俭,王水,郝学志.淬火冷却中工件的正放与斜放(一)[J].热处理技术装备,2009,30(1):25-31.Zhang Kejian Wang Shui,Hao Xuezhi.How to place your workpiece during oil quenching part I[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2009,30(1):25-31.
[29]Thomson A K G.Heat transmission in film-type coolers[J].Society Chem Industry Japan Supplemental Bind,1937,40:380-384.
[30]Taiby S R,Portalski S.The hydrodynamics of liquid films flowing on a vertical surface[J].Trans Inst Chem Eng,1960,38:324-330.
[31]Lainer K,Tensi H M.Determination of vapor film thickness during immersion cooling in aqueous polymer solutions[R].ASMInternational,Materials Park,OH(United States),1996.
[32]Gstoehl D,Roques J F,Crisinel P,et al.Measurement of falling film thickness around a horizontal tube using a laser measurement technique[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2004,25(8):28-34.
[33]Takemori K,Ishihara I,Matsumoto R,et al.D214 behavior of condensate of carbon dioxide and heat transfer in subcritical region[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering:ICOPE.The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,2017:2-329-2-334.
[34]Alekseenko S V,Cherdantsev A V,Cherdantsev M V,et al.Study of formation and development of disturbance waves in annular gas-liquid flow[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2015,77:65-75.
[35]Zhang K J.New cognitions and techniques about control of quenching cooling process[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2010,35(10):103-112.
[36]Chen X,Shen S Q,Wang Y X,et al.Measurement on falling film thickness distribution around horizontal tube with laser-induced fluorescence technique[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2015,89:707-713.
[37]陈子琪.水平管外降膜的厚度测量及传热实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
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