齿轮钢晶粒尺寸对淬透性的影响
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摘要
以20CrNiMoH齿轮钢为实验对象,研究了齿轮钢不同晶粒尺寸对其淬透性的影响。在同一棒料上截取端淬试样,经925、950、980、1 000和1 050℃等不同奥氏体化温度处理后开展末端淬火实验,结果发现经不同奥氏体化温度处理的试样淬透性能差距较大。进一步研究发现,20CrNiMoH齿轮钢试样淬透性能的不一致主要源自于不同试样晶粒尺寸的差别。20CrNiMoH齿轮钢试样经不同奥氏体化温度处理后,晶粒尺寸和长大趋势不同,晶粒尺寸长大会推迟过冷奥氏体相变发生,从而保持奥氏体的稳定性,提高齿轮钢的淬透性。此外还定量研究了20CrNiMoH齿轮钢晶粒度等级同淬透性硬度的关系,发现20CrNiMoH钢晶粒度级别提高1级,J5、J9和J15处端淬硬度值分别下降约1.9HRC、4.0HRC和1.3HRC,J9处端淬硬度受晶粒度的影响最为显著。
The effect of different grain sizes of gear steels on hardenability was researched based on the 20 CrNiMoH experimental steel.The quenching samples cut from one same bar were quenched after austenitizing treatment by different austenitizing temperature(925,950,980,1 000 and 1 050℃).The results show that their hardenability are very different.By further study,it's found that the inconsistency of hardenability of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel specimens is mainly due to the difference of grain sizes.The grain sizes and their growth trend of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel specimens are different when their austenitizing temperatures are different,and the growth of grain sizes will delay the transformation of subcooled austenite,which can maintain stability of austenite and improve the hardenability of gear steel.The relationship between grain sizes and hardenability of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel is also studied quantitatively.It's found when the grain size level of 20 CrNiMoH steel increases by one grade,the hardness of J5,J9 and J15 decrease by 1.9 HRC,4.0 HRC and 1.3 HRC,respectively,and the hardness of J9 is most affected.
The effect of different grain sizes of gear steels on hardenability was researched based on the 20 CrNiMoH experimental steel.The quenching samples cut from one same bar were quenched after austenitizing treatment by different austenitizing temperature(925,950,980,1 000 and 1 050℃).The results show that their hardenability are very different.By further study,it's found that the inconsistency of hardenability of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel specimens is mainly due to the difference of grain sizes.The grain sizes and their growth trend of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel specimens are different when their austenitizing temperatures are different,and the growth of grain sizes will delay the transformation of subcooled austenite,which can maintain stability of austenite and improve the hardenability of gear steel.The relationship between grain sizes and hardenability of 20 CrNiMoH gear steel is also studied quantitatively.It's found when the grain size level of 20 CrNiMoH steel increases by one grade,the hardness of J5,J9 and J15 decrease by 1.9 HRC,4.0 HRC and 1.3 HRC,respectively,and the hardness of J9 is most affected.
引文
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[16]吴季询,周光裕,荀毓闽.钢的淬透性应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994.(Wu J X,Zhou G Y,Xun Y M.Application Technology of Hardenability of Steels[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1994.)
[17]金满,连建设,江中浩.描述钢淬透性的一个新数学模型[J].金属学报,2006,42(3):265.(Jin M,Lian J S,Jiang Z H.A new mathematical model describing hardenabiligy of steels[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,42(3):265.)
[18]曹燕光,徐乐,时捷,等.SAE8620H齿轮钢的淬透性及其预测模型[J].金属热处理,2016,41(2):188.(Cao Y G,Xu L,Shi J,et al.Hardenability and its prediction model of SAE8620H gear steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(2):188.)
[2]林平,王福利,刘浏.基于多支持向量机齿轮钢淬透性预报方法的研究[J].钢铁研究学报,2010,22(1):4.(Lin P,Wang F L,Liu L.Multi-SVM based prediction model for hardenability of gear steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2010,22(1):4.)
[3]余柏海.钢的计算机设计及冶炼成分微调[J].特殊钢,1997,18(5):45.(Yu B H.Computer designing of steel and precise analysis control during melting[J].Special Steel,1997,18(5):45.)
[4]金满,连建设,江中浩.结构钢端淬曲线预测新方法[J].金属学报,2006,42(4):405.(Jin M,Lian J S,Jiang Z H.A new method for prediction of jominy curve of structural steel[J].Acta MetallurgicaSinica,2006,42(4):405.)
[5]Breen D H,Walter G H,Keith C J,et al.Computer-based system selects optimum cost steels[J].Metal Progress,1973(11):43.
[6]宋月鹏,刘国权,刘胜新,等.中碳合金结构钢端淬曲线的非线性方程法模拟[J].材料热处理学报,2004,25(4):85.(Song Y P,Liu G Q,Liu S X,et al.Prediction of Jominy end-quench curves of medium-carbon alloy steels by nonlinear equation method[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2004,25(4):85.)
[7]Vermeulen W G,Wolk P J,Weijer P J,et al.Prediction of Jominy hardness profiles of steels using artificial neural networks[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,1996,5(1):57.
[8]于庆波,刘相华,王国栋,等.基于人工神经网络预报汽车齿轮钢的端淬值[J].钢铁研究学报,2002,14(4):30.(Yu Q B,Liu X H,Wang G D,et al.Prediction of top quench value for automobile gear steel based on artificial neural network[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2002,14(4):30.)
[9]Grossmann M A.Hardenability calculated from chemical compositions[J].AIME Transaction,1942,150:227.
[10]Boyd L H,Field J.Calculation of Standard End-Quench Hardenability Curve From Chemical Compositions and Grain Size[M].New York:Contribution to the Metallurgy of Steel.1946.
[11]Narita K.Physical chemistry of the groups IVa(Ti,Zr),Va(V,Nb,Ta)and the rare earth elements in steel[J].Trans.ISIJ,1975(15):145.
[12]项程云.合金结构钢[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.(Xiang C Y.Structural Alloy Steel[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1999.)
[13]石原悠太郎,松本康弘,藤松威史,等.Alを活用したSCM440の焼入性ならびに焼入焼戻し材の靭性の改善[J].Sanyo Technical Report,2013(20):24.(Ishihara Y,Matsumoto Y,Fujimatsu T,et al.Improvement of hardenability and toughness of SCM440with addition of Al[J].2013(20):24.)
[14]章守华,吴承建.钢铁材料学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.(Zhang S H,Wu C J.Materials Science of Iron and Steel[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1992.)
[15]吴平,贺信莱.晶界非平衡偏聚研究的回顾与展望[J].金属学报,1999,35(10):1009.(Wu P,He X L.Grain boundary non-equilibrium segregation:retrospect/prospect[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1999,35(10):1009.)
[16]吴季询,周光裕,荀毓闽.钢的淬透性应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994.(Wu J X,Zhou G Y,Xun Y M.Application Technology of Hardenability of Steels[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1994.)
[17]金满,连建设,江中浩.描述钢淬透性的一个新数学模型[J].金属学报,2006,42(3):265.(Jin M,Lian J S,Jiang Z H.A new mathematical model describing hardenabiligy of steels[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,42(3):265.)
[18]曹燕光,徐乐,时捷,等.SAE8620H齿轮钢的淬透性及其预测模型[J].金属热处理,2016,41(2):188.(Cao Y G,Xu L,Shi J,et al.Hardenability and its prediction model of SAE8620H gear steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(2):188.)