淮河沉积物总磷和重金属沿程变化及污染评价
|
摘要
为了探究淮河沉积物中污染物的分布规律、来源及污染程度,于2014年7月沿淮河中下游设置16个采样断面,现场采样并检测沉积物中总磷(TP)质量比和重金属(As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn)的质量比,分析沉积物中污染物的沿程分布及来源并对污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,淮河中下游沿程各城市下游断面沉积物中污染物平均含量比上游断面高;污染物来源分析表明,所有污染物均受到点源污染的影响,其中TP和Cu受到点源污染和面源污染的共同影响;单因子标准指数法对沉积物磷污染评价结果表明,淮河干流沉积物环境质量受磷的污染相对较轻;对重金属潜在生态危害程度分析表明,无论是单个重金属的生态危害程度还是综合生态危害程度都为轻微。
To explore the pollution distribution,source and degree of the Huaihe River sedimentary,16 sections along the midstream and downstream of the Huaihe River were sampled in July 2014. Then,the total phosphorus( TP) and heavy metals( As,Cu,Pb,Cd,and Zn) in the sediments were analyzed to explore the distribution of contaminants,source and pollution status. The results showed that the average content of pollutants in the downstream sections of main cities was higher than that of the upstream. The analysis of pollutant sources showed that all pollutants were affected by the point source pollution,while TP and Cu were polluted by both the point source pollution and non-point source pollution. The standard index method of a single factor was applied to evaluate the phosphorus pollution in the sediments. The results indicated that the environmental quality of sediments in the Huaihe River was less polluted by the phosphorus. The analysis on the potential ecological risk of heavy metals showed that both the ecological risk of the single heavy metal and the comprehensive ecological risk were slight.
To explore the pollution distribution,source and degree of the Huaihe River sedimentary,16 sections along the midstream and downstream of the Huaihe River were sampled in July 2014. Then,the total phosphorus( TP) and heavy metals( As,Cu,Pb,Cd,and Zn) in the sediments were analyzed to explore the distribution of contaminants,source and pollution status. The results showed that the average content of pollutants in the downstream sections of main cities was higher than that of the upstream. The analysis of pollutant sources showed that all pollutants were affected by the point source pollution,while TP and Cu were polluted by both the point source pollution and non-point source pollution. The standard index method of a single factor was applied to evaluate the phosphorus pollution in the sediments. The results indicated that the environmental quality of sediments in the Huaihe River was less polluted by the phosphorus. The analysis on the potential ecological risk of heavy metals showed that both the ecological risk of the single heavy metal and the comprehensive ecological risk were slight.
引文
[1]谭炳卿,吴培任,宋国君.论淮河流域水污染及其防治[J].水资源保护,2005,21(6):4-10.(TAN Bingqing,WU Peiren,SONG Guojun.Water pollution in Huaihe River Basin and its control[J].Water Resources Protection,2005,21(6):4-10.(in Chinese))
[2]蒋艳,彭期冬,骆辉煌,等.淮河流域水质污染时空变异特征分析[J].水利学报,2011,42(11):1283-1288.(JIANG Yan,PENG Qidong,LUO Huihuang,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of water pollution in the Huaihe River Basin[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(11):1283-1288.(in Chinese))
[3]唐洪武,肖洋,袁赛瑜,等.平原河流水沙动力学若干研究进展与工程治理实践[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):414-423.(TANG Hongwu,XIAO Yang,YUAN Saiyu,et al.Advances in research on hydrodynamics and sediment transport of plain rivers and its application in river treatment[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(5):414-423.(in Chinese))
[4]马静.淮河流域面源污染特征分析与控制策略研究[D].北京:清华大学,2013.
[5]ZHAI Xiaoyan,XIA Jun,ZHANG Yongyong.Water quality variation in the highly disturbed Huaihe River Basin,China from 1994to 2005 by multi-statistical analyses[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,496:594-606.
[6]ZHANG Yongyong,XIA Jun,SHAO Quanxi,et al.Water quantity and quality simulation by improved SWAT in highly regulated Huai River Basin of China[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2013,27(1):11-27.
[7]朱兰保,盛蒂,周开胜,等.淮河安徽段沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(10):784-786.(ZHU Lanbao,SHENG Di,ZHOU Kaisheng,et al.Heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province and its potential ecologicalrisk assessment[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2007,24(10):784-786.(in Chinese))
[8]燕文明,麻林,向龙,等.沉积物-水界面中可交换态氮对不同菹草密度的响应[J].水资源保护,2016,32(2):119-122.(YAN Wenming,MA Lin,XIANG Long,et al.Effects of different densities of Potamogeton crispus L.on exchangeable nitrogen at sediment-water interface[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(2):119-122.(in Chinese))
[9]王汗,燕文明,宋兰兰,等.摇蚊幼虫扰动对沉积物-水界面结构特征的影响[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):177-182.(WANG Han,YAN Wenming,SONG Lanlan,et al.Bioturbation effects of Chironomus plumosus on structural characteristics of sedimentwater interface[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):177-182.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG Jie,LIU Guijian,LU Lanlan,et al.Geochemical normalization and assessment of heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,and Ni)in sediments from the Huaihe River,Anhui,China[J].Catena,2015,129:30-38.
[11]FU Jie,ZHAO Changpo,LUO Yupeng,et al.Heavy metals in surface sediments of the Jialu River,China:their relations to environmental factors[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,270:102-109.
[12]刘梦琳,冯精兰,刘群,等.淮河上游表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态及其生态风险[J].环境化学,2014,33(7):1235-1236.(LIU Menglin,FENG Jinglan,LIU Qun,et al.Occurrence and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of Huaihe River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(7):1235-1236.(in Chinese))
[13]赵大勇,马婷,曾巾,等.南京玄武湖富营养化及重金属污染现状[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):83-87.(ZHAO Dayong,MA Ting,ZENG Jin,et al.Eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in Xuanwu Lake,Nanjing[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2012,40(1):83-87.(in Chinese))
[14]肖洋,余维维,成浩科,等.淮河中游泥沙对磷吸附/解吸规律[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(4):307-312.(XIAO Yang,YU Weiwei,CHENG Haoke,et al.Phosphorus adsorption and desorption behavior of sediments in dstream of Huaihe River[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(4):307-312.(in Chinese))
[15]吉飞,李志伟,赵汗青.水动力作用下泥沙对磷的吸附特征[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):56-62.(JI Fei,LI Zhiwei,ZHAO Hanqing.Characteristics of adsorption of phosphorus by sediment under hydrodynamic action[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2017,45(1):56-62.(in Chinese))
[16]徐骏,朱伟.污水处理厂脱水污泥中重金属的分布规律[J].水资源保护,2014,30(2):62-66.(XU Jun,ZHU Wei.Distribution of heavy metals in dehydrated sludge from sewage treatment plant[J].Water Resources Protection,2014,30(2):62-66.(in Chinese))
[17]赵海萍,陈旺,李清雪,等.漳河上游水质时空分异特征及污染源识别[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):47-54.(ZHAO Haiping,CHEN Wang,LI Qingxue,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of water quality and pollutant source identification in upper reaches of Zhanghe River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):47-54.(in Chinese))
[18]马牧源,崔丽娟,张曼胤,等.白洋淀养鸭废水水质组成及其扩散和消减特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):145-153.(MA Muyuan,CUI Lijuan,ZHANG Manyin,et al.Water quality composition of duck farm wastewater in Baiyangdian Lake and its diffusion and reduction characteristics[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):145-153.(in Chinese))
[19]GONZ L,MEDEIROS J,REZ C B,et al.Analytical phosphorus fractionation insewage sludge and sediment samples[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2005,381(4):873-878.
[20]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[21]LDVUORI M,NIEMISTO L.Sedimentation of trace metals in the Gulf of Bothnia[J].Chemospher,1995,31(8):3839-3856.
[22]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution controla sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[23]吕文英,周树杰,黄强南.珠江长州断面底泥重金属污染潜在生态危害评价[J].水资源保护,2009,25(3):22-24.(LYU Wenying,ZHOU Shujie,HUANG Qiangnan.Assessment of potential ecological risk from heavy metals in sediment in the Changzhou section of the Pearl River[J].Water Resources Protection,2009,25(3):22-24.(in Chinese))
[24]陈静生.中国水环境重金属研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[25]NAKAMURA Y.Effect of flow velocity on phosphate release from sediment[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,30(10):263-272.
[26]刘钦普.安徽省化肥面源污染环境风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):876-881.(LIU Qinpu.Environmental pollution risk analysis of non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer in Anhuiprovince[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(06):876-881.(in Chinese))
[27]王婕,刘桂建,方婷,等.基于污染负荷指数法评价淮河(安徽段)底泥中重金属污染研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2013,43(2):97-103.(WANG Jie,LIU Guijian,FANG Ting,et al.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in sediments of Huaihe River(Anhui section)based on pollution load index[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2013,43(2):97-103.(in Chinese))
[28]贺勇,黄河,严家平.淮河中下游底泥中的重金属与有机质研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2005,13(6):79-82.(HE Yong,HUANG He,YAN Jiaping.Heavy metals and organic matter in sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River[J].Journal of Anhui Institute of Architecture and Industry(Natural Science),2005,13(6):79-82.(in Chinese))
[29]罗斌,刘玲,张金良,等.淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(12):1122-1127.(LUO Bin,LIU Ling,ZHANG Jinliang,et al.Concentrations and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Huaihe River[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(12):1122-1127.(in Chinese))
[30]黄河.淮河中下游河道沉积物重金属元素分布特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2005.
[31]WANG Qingren,LI Yuncong.Phosphorus adsorption and desorption behavior onsediments of different origins[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(6):1159-1173.
[32]赵小敏.淮河淮南段底泥的污染特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2005.
[33]高磊.淮河流域典型污染物多介质累积特征与生态风险评价[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[34]陈军,徐俊,陈永红,等.淮河淮南段底泥氮磷垂直分布研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(2):73-75.(CHEN Jun,XUN Jun,CHEN Yonghong,et al.Vertical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in Huainan sectionof Huaihe River[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(2):73-75.(in Chinese))
[2]蒋艳,彭期冬,骆辉煌,等.淮河流域水质污染时空变异特征分析[J].水利学报,2011,42(11):1283-1288.(JIANG Yan,PENG Qidong,LUO Huihuang,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of water pollution in the Huaihe River Basin[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(11):1283-1288.(in Chinese))
[3]唐洪武,肖洋,袁赛瑜,等.平原河流水沙动力学若干研究进展与工程治理实践[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):414-423.(TANG Hongwu,XIAO Yang,YUAN Saiyu,et al.Advances in research on hydrodynamics and sediment transport of plain rivers and its application in river treatment[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(5):414-423.(in Chinese))
[4]马静.淮河流域面源污染特征分析与控制策略研究[D].北京:清华大学,2013.
[5]ZHAI Xiaoyan,XIA Jun,ZHANG Yongyong.Water quality variation in the highly disturbed Huaihe River Basin,China from 1994to 2005 by multi-statistical analyses[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,496:594-606.
[6]ZHANG Yongyong,XIA Jun,SHAO Quanxi,et al.Water quantity and quality simulation by improved SWAT in highly regulated Huai River Basin of China[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2013,27(1):11-27.
[7]朱兰保,盛蒂,周开胜,等.淮河安徽段沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(10):784-786.(ZHU Lanbao,SHENG Di,ZHOU Kaisheng,et al.Heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province and its potential ecologicalrisk assessment[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2007,24(10):784-786.(in Chinese))
[8]燕文明,麻林,向龙,等.沉积物-水界面中可交换态氮对不同菹草密度的响应[J].水资源保护,2016,32(2):119-122.(YAN Wenming,MA Lin,XIANG Long,et al.Effects of different densities of Potamogeton crispus L.on exchangeable nitrogen at sediment-water interface[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(2):119-122.(in Chinese))
[9]王汗,燕文明,宋兰兰,等.摇蚊幼虫扰动对沉积物-水界面结构特征的影响[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):177-182.(WANG Han,YAN Wenming,SONG Lanlan,et al.Bioturbation effects of Chironomus plumosus on structural characteristics of sedimentwater interface[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):177-182.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG Jie,LIU Guijian,LU Lanlan,et al.Geochemical normalization and assessment of heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,and Ni)in sediments from the Huaihe River,Anhui,China[J].Catena,2015,129:30-38.
[11]FU Jie,ZHAO Changpo,LUO Yupeng,et al.Heavy metals in surface sediments of the Jialu River,China:their relations to environmental factors[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,270:102-109.
[12]刘梦琳,冯精兰,刘群,等.淮河上游表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态及其生态风险[J].环境化学,2014,33(7):1235-1236.(LIU Menglin,FENG Jinglan,LIU Qun,et al.Occurrence and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of Huaihe River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(7):1235-1236.(in Chinese))
[13]赵大勇,马婷,曾巾,等.南京玄武湖富营养化及重金属污染现状[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):83-87.(ZHAO Dayong,MA Ting,ZENG Jin,et al.Eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in Xuanwu Lake,Nanjing[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2012,40(1):83-87.(in Chinese))
[14]肖洋,余维维,成浩科,等.淮河中游泥沙对磷吸附/解吸规律[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(4):307-312.(XIAO Yang,YU Weiwei,CHENG Haoke,et al.Phosphorus adsorption and desorption behavior of sediments in dstream of Huaihe River[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(4):307-312.(in Chinese))
[15]吉飞,李志伟,赵汗青.水动力作用下泥沙对磷的吸附特征[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):56-62.(JI Fei,LI Zhiwei,ZHAO Hanqing.Characteristics of adsorption of phosphorus by sediment under hydrodynamic action[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2017,45(1):56-62.(in Chinese))
[16]徐骏,朱伟.污水处理厂脱水污泥中重金属的分布规律[J].水资源保护,2014,30(2):62-66.(XU Jun,ZHU Wei.Distribution of heavy metals in dehydrated sludge from sewage treatment plant[J].Water Resources Protection,2014,30(2):62-66.(in Chinese))
[17]赵海萍,陈旺,李清雪,等.漳河上游水质时空分异特征及污染源识别[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):47-54.(ZHAO Haiping,CHEN Wang,LI Qingxue,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of water quality and pollutant source identification in upper reaches of Zhanghe River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):47-54.(in Chinese))
[18]马牧源,崔丽娟,张曼胤,等.白洋淀养鸭废水水质组成及其扩散和消减特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):145-153.(MA Muyuan,CUI Lijuan,ZHANG Manyin,et al.Water quality composition of duck farm wastewater in Baiyangdian Lake and its diffusion and reduction characteristics[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):145-153.(in Chinese))
[19]GONZ L,MEDEIROS J,REZ C B,et al.Analytical phosphorus fractionation insewage sludge and sediment samples[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2005,381(4):873-878.
[20]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[21]LDVUORI M,NIEMISTO L.Sedimentation of trace metals in the Gulf of Bothnia[J].Chemospher,1995,31(8):3839-3856.
[22]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution controla sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[23]吕文英,周树杰,黄强南.珠江长州断面底泥重金属污染潜在生态危害评价[J].水资源保护,2009,25(3):22-24.(LYU Wenying,ZHOU Shujie,HUANG Qiangnan.Assessment of potential ecological risk from heavy metals in sediment in the Changzhou section of the Pearl River[J].Water Resources Protection,2009,25(3):22-24.(in Chinese))
[24]陈静生.中国水环境重金属研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[25]NAKAMURA Y.Effect of flow velocity on phosphate release from sediment[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,30(10):263-272.
[26]刘钦普.安徽省化肥面源污染环境风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):876-881.(LIU Qinpu.Environmental pollution risk analysis of non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer in Anhuiprovince[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(06):876-881.(in Chinese))
[27]王婕,刘桂建,方婷,等.基于污染负荷指数法评价淮河(安徽段)底泥中重金属污染研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2013,43(2):97-103.(WANG Jie,LIU Guijian,FANG Ting,et al.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in sediments of Huaihe River(Anhui section)based on pollution load index[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2013,43(2):97-103.(in Chinese))
[28]贺勇,黄河,严家平.淮河中下游底泥中的重金属与有机质研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2005,13(6):79-82.(HE Yong,HUANG He,YAN Jiaping.Heavy metals and organic matter in sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River[J].Journal of Anhui Institute of Architecture and Industry(Natural Science),2005,13(6):79-82.(in Chinese))
[29]罗斌,刘玲,张金良,等.淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(12):1122-1127.(LUO Bin,LIU Ling,ZHANG Jinliang,et al.Concentrations and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Huaihe River[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(12):1122-1127.(in Chinese))
[30]黄河.淮河中下游河道沉积物重金属元素分布特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2005.
[31]WANG Qingren,LI Yuncong.Phosphorus adsorption and desorption behavior onsediments of different origins[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(6):1159-1173.
[32]赵小敏.淮河淮南段底泥的污染特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2005.
[33]高磊.淮河流域典型污染物多介质累积特征与生态风险评价[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[34]陈军,徐俊,陈永红,等.淮河淮南段底泥氮磷垂直分布研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(2):73-75.(CHEN Jun,XUN Jun,CHEN Yonghong,et al.Vertical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in Huainan sectionof Huaihe River[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(2):73-75.(in Chinese))