深地煤炭资源流态化开采理论与技术构想
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摘要
地球浅部煤炭资源逐步开采殆尽,煤炭资源开发不断走向地球深部。然而,面对深部地层环境与极限开采深度的限制,传统采矿学与力学等理论难以解决深部煤炭开采出现的技术难题,深部煤炭绿色安全高效生产面临严峻挑战。结合深地煤炭资源开发的未来趋势,提出深地煤炭资源流态化开采的颠覆性科学构想及流态化开采定义、目标与内涵,建立深地流态化开采的应力-温度-渗流-化学-微生物等多种作用机制的多场耦合模型与可视化理论,揭示煤炭流态转换的物理、化学与生物机制,建立深地煤炭资源的采、选、充、电、热、气一体化的物理流态化开采、化学转化流态化开采、生物降解流态化开采、物理破碎流态化开采等颠覆性理论和技术。在此基础上,提出"2025基础研究、2035技术攻关、2050集成示范"的战略实施路线,构建深地煤炭资源无人智能化的采选充一体化开采、热电气集成转化的流态化开采理论与技术体系,达到"地上无煤、井下无人"的绿色环保目标,实现深地煤炭资源开采的颠覆性变革。
The depth of coal mining increases continuously owing to the exhaustion of the shallow coal resources.However,the technical difficulties which occur during deep coal mining cannot be solved well by using the traditional theories,such as mining science and mechanics,because of the limit of the deep geo-environment and critical mining depth.Therefore,to implement deep coal mining with a green,safe and efficient way will meet serious challenges. According to the trend of the exploitation of deep coal resources,a disruptive idea,the fluidized mining of deep underground coal resources,was presented in this paper.The definition,goals and meaning of the fluidized mining were also proposed.The multi-coupled field model and the visualization theory for multi-mechanism of stress-temperature-chemistry-microorganism were established. The physical,chemical,biological mechanism of coal fluidized transformation wasinterpreted.A series of disruptive theories and technologies,such as physical fluidized mining including exploitation,separation,filling,electricity and heat generation,gasification,the fluidized mining of chemical transformation,the fluidized mining of bio-degradation,the fluidized mining of physical grinding,were established. Afterwards,the strategic implementation routine of "2025 basic research,2035 technological breakthrough,and 2050 integrated demonstration",was put forward. The disruptive revolution of deep coal resource exploitation,including the implementation of deep coal resource integration mining for exploitation separation and filling with unmanned intellectualization,the formation of the theory and technology system for fluidized mining of integrated transformation of heat,electricity and gas,and to reach the green environmental protection goal for coal free ground and unmanned underground mine,will be realized.
The depth of coal mining increases continuously owing to the exhaustion of the shallow coal resources.However,the technical difficulties which occur during deep coal mining cannot be solved well by using the traditional theories,such as mining science and mechanics,because of the limit of the deep geo-environment and critical mining depth.Therefore,to implement deep coal mining with a green,safe and efficient way will meet serious challenges. According to the trend of the exploitation of deep coal resources,a disruptive idea,the fluidized mining of deep underground coal resources,was presented in this paper.The definition,goals and meaning of the fluidized mining were also proposed.The multi-coupled field model and the visualization theory for multi-mechanism of stress-temperature-chemistry-microorganism were established. The physical,chemical,biological mechanism of coal fluidized transformation wasinterpreted.A series of disruptive theories and technologies,such as physical fluidized mining including exploitation,separation,filling,electricity and heat generation,gasification,the fluidized mining of chemical transformation,the fluidized mining of bio-degradation,the fluidized mining of physical grinding,were established. Afterwards,the strategic implementation routine of "2025 basic research,2035 technological breakthrough,and 2050 integrated demonstration",was put forward. The disruptive revolution of deep coal resource exploitation,including the implementation of deep coal resource integration mining for exploitation separation and filling with unmanned intellectualization,the formation of the theory and technology system for fluidized mining of integrated transformation of heat,electricity and gas,and to reach the green environmental protection goal for coal free ground and unmanned underground mine,will be realized.
引文
[1]习近平.为建设世界科技强国而奋斗——在全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会、中国科协第九次全国代表大会上的讲话[N].人民日报,2016-06-01.
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[3]谢和平.煤炭科技之探索和展望[Z].煤炭工业十三五科技发展规划编制会议报告,2015.
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[5]谢和平.中国工程院咨询项目“煤炭绿色开发利用与煤基多元协同清洁能源技术革命研究”研讨会报告[Z].北京:西郊宾馆,2016.
[6]谢和平.深地科学技术探索[Z].教育部科技委“深部固体矿产资源流态化开采”圆桌论坛报告,成都:四川大学,2016.
[7]谢和平.深部固体矿产资源流态化开采关键技术[Z].教育部科技委“深部固体矿产资源流态化开采关键技术”专家研讨会报告,北京:北京科技大学,2016.
[8]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深地科学领域的若干颠覆性技术构想和研究方向[J].工程科学与技术,2016,49(1):1-8.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Novel idea and disruptive technologies for the exploration and research of deep earth[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(1):1-8.
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[10]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深部开采的定量界定与分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):1-10.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Quantitative definition and investigation of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):1-10.
[11]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深地岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161-2177.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].China Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2177.
[12]谢和平,周宏伟,刘建峰,等.不同开采条件下采动力学行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1067-1074.Xie Heping,Zhou Hongwei,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Mining-induced mechanical behavior in coal seams under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1067-1074.
[13]谢和平,张泽天,高峰,等.不同开采方式下煤岩应力场-裂隙场-渗流场行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(10):2405-2417.Xie Heping,Zhang Zetian,Gao Feng,et al.Stress-fracture-seepage field behavior of coal under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(10):2405-2417.
[14]鞠杨,谢和平,郑泽民,等.基于3D打印技术的岩体复杂结构与应力场的可视化方法[J].科学通报,2014,59(32):3019-3119.Ju Yang,Xie Heping,Zheng Zemin,et al.Visualization of the complex structure and stress field inside rock by means of 3D printing technology[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2014,59(32):3019-3119.
[15]Ju Yang,Zheng Jiangtao,Epstein Marcelo,et al.3D numerical reconstruction of well-connected porous structure of rock using fractal algorithms[J].Comput.Meth.Appl.Mech.Eng.,2014,279(9):212-226.
[16]Ju Yang,Wang Li,Xie H P,et al.Visualization and transparentization of the structure and stress field of aggregated geomaterials through 3D printing and photoelastic techniques[J].Rock Mech.Rock.Eng.,2017,DOI:10.1007/s00603-017-1171-9.
[17]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91-99.Zhou Hongwei,Xie Heping,Zuo Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the confining of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91-99.
[18]朱万成,魏晨慧,田军,等.岩石损伤过程中的热-流-力耦合模型及其应用初探[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3851-3857.Zhu Wancheng,Wei Chenhui,Tian Jun,et al.Coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model during rock damage and its preliminary application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3851-3857.
[19]邬纫云.煤炭气化[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
[20]Younger P,Gluyas J,Roddy D,et al.Underground coal gasification[J].Science,1977,183(4129):600-610.
[21]梁杰,余力.“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺[J].中国煤炭,2002(12):10-12.Liang Jie,Yu li.A new technology for underground coal gasification with long channel and large section[J].China Coal,2002(12):10-12.
[22]Cohen M S,Gabriele P D.Degradation of coal by fungi polyporus versicolor and poria monticolor[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1982,44:23-27.
[23]陈东科,王璐,金龙哲,等.微生物降解煤矿瓦斯的研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(5):607-609.Chen Dongke,Wang Lu,Jin Longzhe,et al.The preliminary research on coal-bed gas degradation by microorganism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(5):607-609.
[24]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.页岩气储层改造的体破裂理论与技术构想[J].科学通报,2016,61(1):36-46.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Novel idea of the theory and application of 3D volume fracturing for stimulation of shale gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(1):36-46.
[25]谢和平,彭苏萍,何满潮.深部开采基础理论与工程实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1-35.
[26]董树文.向地球深部进军的号角已经吹响[N].中国国土资源报,2016-09-07.Dong Shuwen.The horn that marches deep inside the Earth has been blown[N].China Land and Resources News,2016-09-07.
[27]唐山高新技术产业开发区管理委员会.机器人产业基地[EB/OL].http://www.tsgxq.gov.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=106,2017-02-20.
[2]谢和平.煤炭科学开采与技术变革[Z].中国工程院国际工程科技大会报告,2014.
[3]谢和平.煤炭科技之探索和展望[Z].煤炭工业十三五科技发展规划编制会议报告,2015.
[4]谢和平.深地资源开采的颠覆性理论与技术[Z].中国地质科学院:深地颠覆性技术研讨会报告,2016.
[5]谢和平.中国工程院咨询项目“煤炭绿色开发利用与煤基多元协同清洁能源技术革命研究”研讨会报告[Z].北京:西郊宾馆,2016.
[6]谢和平.深地科学技术探索[Z].教育部科技委“深部固体矿产资源流态化开采”圆桌论坛报告,成都:四川大学,2016.
[7]谢和平.深部固体矿产资源流态化开采关键技术[Z].教育部科技委“深部固体矿产资源流态化开采关键技术”专家研讨会报告,北京:北京科技大学,2016.
[8]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深地科学领域的若干颠覆性技术构想和研究方向[J].工程科学与技术,2016,49(1):1-8.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Novel idea and disruptive technologies for the exploration and research of deep earth[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(1):1-8.
[9]谢和平,周宏伟,薛东杰,等.煤炭深部开采与极限开采深度的研究与思考[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):535-542.Xie Heping,Zhou Hongwei,Xue Dongjie,et al.Research and consideration on deep coal mining and critical mining depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):535-542.
[10]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深部开采的定量界定与分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):1-10.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Quantitative definition and investigation of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):1-10.
[11]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深地岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161-2177.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].China Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2177.
[12]谢和平,周宏伟,刘建峰,等.不同开采条件下采动力学行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1067-1074.Xie Heping,Zhou Hongwei,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Mining-induced mechanical behavior in coal seams under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1067-1074.
[13]谢和平,张泽天,高峰,等.不同开采方式下煤岩应力场-裂隙场-渗流场行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(10):2405-2417.Xie Heping,Zhang Zetian,Gao Feng,et al.Stress-fracture-seepage field behavior of coal under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(10):2405-2417.
[14]鞠杨,谢和平,郑泽民,等.基于3D打印技术的岩体复杂结构与应力场的可视化方法[J].科学通报,2014,59(32):3019-3119.Ju Yang,Xie Heping,Zheng Zemin,et al.Visualization of the complex structure and stress field inside rock by means of 3D printing technology[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2014,59(32):3019-3119.
[15]Ju Yang,Zheng Jiangtao,Epstein Marcelo,et al.3D numerical reconstruction of well-connected porous structure of rock using fractal algorithms[J].Comput.Meth.Appl.Mech.Eng.,2014,279(9):212-226.
[16]Ju Yang,Wang Li,Xie H P,et al.Visualization and transparentization of the structure and stress field of aggregated geomaterials through 3D printing and photoelastic techniques[J].Rock Mech.Rock.Eng.,2017,DOI:10.1007/s00603-017-1171-9.
[17]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91-99.Zhou Hongwei,Xie Heping,Zuo Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the confining of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91-99.
[18]朱万成,魏晨慧,田军,等.岩石损伤过程中的热-流-力耦合模型及其应用初探[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3851-3857.Zhu Wancheng,Wei Chenhui,Tian Jun,et al.Coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model during rock damage and its preliminary application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3851-3857.
[19]邬纫云.煤炭气化[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
[20]Younger P,Gluyas J,Roddy D,et al.Underground coal gasification[J].Science,1977,183(4129):600-610.
[21]梁杰,余力.“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺[J].中国煤炭,2002(12):10-12.Liang Jie,Yu li.A new technology for underground coal gasification with long channel and large section[J].China Coal,2002(12):10-12.
[22]Cohen M S,Gabriele P D.Degradation of coal by fungi polyporus versicolor and poria monticolor[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1982,44:23-27.
[23]陈东科,王璐,金龙哲,等.微生物降解煤矿瓦斯的研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(5):607-609.Chen Dongke,Wang Lu,Jin Longzhe,et al.The preliminary research on coal-bed gas degradation by microorganism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(5):607-609.
[24]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.页岩气储层改造的体破裂理论与技术构想[J].科学通报,2016,61(1):36-46.Xie Heping,Gao Feng,Ju Yang,et al.Novel idea of the theory and application of 3D volume fracturing for stimulation of shale gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(1):36-46.
[25]谢和平,彭苏萍,何满潮.深部开采基础理论与工程实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1-35.
[26]董树文.向地球深部进军的号角已经吹响[N].中国国土资源报,2016-09-07.Dong Shuwen.The horn that marches deep inside the Earth has been blown[N].China Land and Resources News,2016-09-07.
[27]唐山高新技术产业开发区管理委员会.机器人产业基地[EB/OL].http://www.tsgxq.gov.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=106,2017-02-20.