矿山功能性充填基础理论与应用探索
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摘要
从充填材料性能的角度将充填技术演进历程划分为体积性充填、结构性充填和功能性充填三个阶段。提出矿山功能性充填的学术理念,在实现传统充填效能的同时,兼顾载冷、蓄热、储能、防渗及防辐射等拓展功能,应对深地开采高应力、高井温和多空区等复杂环境难题及充填高成本问题。首先,给出了矿山功能性充填材料及技术的科学定义,建立了功能性充填材料的概念模型;然后,根据充填材料实现功能不同,将充填技术分为载冷/蓄冷功能性充填、蓄热/释热功能性充填和储库式功能性充填三种基本类别,分别从概念、功能及基本原理等方面进行了详尽论述。矿山功能性充填材料及技术的应用与探索将进一步革新充填采矿技术,对深地矿床-地热协同开采、井下空区再利用及战略能源储备等产生影响。
In this paper,from the functional point of backfill materials,the evolution process of backfill technology can be divided into three stages,e. g.,volumetric backfill,structural backfill and functional backfill. To solve the coupled problems of high-stress,high-temperature and multitudinous-goaf,etc.,in deep mines,as well as high-cost of backfill mining,an academic idea of Functional Backfill(FB) was put forward.The proposed FB not only can realize the function of traditional backfill,but also can achieve the expanded functions,i.e.,cold-loading,heat-saving,energy-storage,seepage-proofing,etc.More specifically,the concepts of Functional Backfill Materials(FBM) and Functional Backfill Technology(FBT) were scientifically defined,and the conceptual model of the FBM was established.Then,on the basis of backfill material functions,the functional backfill was classified as Cold Load/Storage-Functional Backfill Materials(CLS-FBM),Heat Storage & Release-Functional Backfill Body(HSR-FBB) and Cavity-building-Functional Backfill Materials(CB-FBM). Correspondingly,the concepts,functions and basal principles of the mentioned three functional backfills were presented in detail.The application and exploration of functional backfill materials & technologies will further improve the backfill technologies in mines,which have an important and far-reaching impact on the deep mine geothermal co-exploitation,underground goaf reuse and strategic energy reserves,etc.
In this paper,from the functional point of backfill materials,the evolution process of backfill technology can be divided into three stages,e. g.,volumetric backfill,structural backfill and functional backfill. To solve the coupled problems of high-stress,high-temperature and multitudinous-goaf,etc.,in deep mines,as well as high-cost of backfill mining,an academic idea of Functional Backfill(FB) was put forward.The proposed FB not only can realize the function of traditional backfill,but also can achieve the expanded functions,i.e.,cold-loading,heat-saving,energy-storage,seepage-proofing,etc.More specifically,the concepts of Functional Backfill Materials(FBM) and Functional Backfill Technology(FBT) were scientifically defined,and the conceptual model of the FBM was established.Then,on the basis of backfill material functions,the functional backfill was classified as Cold Load/Storage-Functional Backfill Materials(CLS-FBM),Heat Storage & Release-Functional Backfill Body(HSR-FBB) and Cavity-building-Functional Backfill Materials(CB-FBM). Correspondingly,the concepts,functions and basal principles of the mentioned three functional backfills were presented in detail.The application and exploration of functional backfill materials & technologies will further improve the backfill technologies in mines,which have an important and far-reaching impact on the deep mine geothermal co-exploitation,underground goaf reuse and strategic energy reserves,etc.
引文
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[15]董昭.用于建筑节能的粉煤灰相变储能材料的制备及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.DONG Zhao.Preparation and application of fly ash matrix phase change materials for thermal storage in building energy conservation[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013.
[16]赵海东,张咪,马宏芳,等.粉煤灰基高温复合相变蓄热材料的制备[J].山西大同大学学报,2016,32(5):38-40.ZHAO Haidong,ZHANG Mi,MA Hongfang,et al.The preparation of high temperature composite phase change heat storage material of fly ash[J].Journal of Shanxi Datong University,2016,32(5):38-40.
[17]王建宏.粉煤灰基高温复合相变蓄热材料的制备与性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.WANG Jianhong.Study on preparation and properties of high temperature fly ash base phase change heat storage composite materials[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013.
[18]邓代强,姚中亮,唐绍辉.深井充填体细观破坏及充填机制研究[J].矿冶工程,2008,28(6):15-17.DENG Daiqiang,YAO Zhongliang,TANG Shaohui.Study on microcosmic damage and filling mechanism of backfill in deep mine[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2008,28(6):15-17.
[19]陈占秀.相变储能材料相变过程的分子动力学研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.CHEN Zhanxiu.The molecular dynamic study on phase changing process of phase change material[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012.
[20]谢和平,高明忠,高峰,等.关停矿井转型升级战略构想与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1355-1365.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,GAO Feng,et al.Strategic conceptualization and key technology for the transformation and upgrading of shut-down coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1355-1365.
[21]刘峰,李树志.我国转型煤矿井下空间资源开发利用新方向探讨[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2205-2213.LIU Feng,LI Shuzhi.Discussion on the new development and utilization of underground space resources of transitional coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2205-2213.
[22]杨春和,周宏伟,李银平,等.大型盐穴储气库群灾变机理与防护[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.YANG Chunhe,ZHOU Hongwei,LI Yinping,et al.Catastrophic mechanism and protection of gas storage groups in large salt cavern[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[23]吴文,候正猛,杨春和.盐岩中能源(石油和天然气)地下储存库稳定性评价标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2493-2505.WU Wen,HOU Zhengmeng,YANG Chunhe.Investigations on evaluating criteria of stabilities for energy(petroleum and natural gas)storage caverns in rock salt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2493-2505.
[2]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深部开采的定量界定与分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):1-10.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al.Quantitative definition and investigation of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):1-10.
[3]杨世铭.传热学(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.YANG Shiming.Heat transfer(The 4thEdition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011.
[4]方贵银.蓄冷空调工程实用新技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.FANG Guiyin.New practical technology of cold storage in air conditioning engineering[M].Beijing:Post and Telecom Press,2000.
[5]刘剑虹,刘瑞虹,王超会,等.Na2SO4·10H2O复合相变储能体系的热力学测试[J].节能,2007(9):13-14,17.LIU Jianhong,LIU Ruihong,WANG Chaohui,et al.Thermodynamic test of Na2SO4·10H2O phase change energy storage system[J].Energy Conservation,2007(9):13-14,17.
[6]陶文博,谢如鹤.有机相变蓄冷材料的研究进展[J].制冷学报,2016,37(1):52-59.TAO Wenbo,XIE Ruhe.Research and development of organic phase change materials for cool thermal energy storage[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2016,37(1):52-59.
[7]贾代勇,杜雁霞,袁艳平,等.一种空调蓄冷用有机混合相变材料[P].中国专利:CN101220259,2008-07-16.JIA Daiyong,DU Yanxia,YUAN Yanping,et al.An organic phase change material applied in cold storage of air conditioner[P].China Patent:CN101220259,2008-07-16.
[8]ROYON L,GUIFFANT G.Heat transfer in paraffin oil/water emulsion involving supercooling phenomenon[J].Energy Convers Manage,2001,42(18):2155-2161.
[9]刘浪,张小艳,孙伟博,等.具有降温功能的高温深井采空区充填料浆输送系统及方法[P].中国专利:ZL201710057241.3,2017-09-29.LIU Lang,ZHANG Xiaoyan,SUN Weibo,et al.High temperature deep gob filling slurry delivery system and method having a function of cooling[P].China Patent:ZL201710057241.3,2017-09-29.
[10]刘浪,孙伟博,张小艳,等.高温深井采空区充填料浆蓄冷输送系统及方法[P].中国专利:ZL201710057230.5,2017-11-21.LIU Lang,SUN Weibo,ZHANG Xiaoyan,et al.Device and method for simulating deep well filling body stope temperature drop and terrestrial heat exploitation experiment[P].China Patent:ZL201710057230.5,2017-11-21.
[11]SUZUKI T,TAKIGUCHI K,HOTTA H.Characteristics of concrete produced by new method using small ice flakes[J].JCI Conference,1986(6):357-360.
[12]卢涛,姜培学.多孔介质融化相变自然对流数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(6):167-170.LU Tao,JIANG Peixue.Numerical simulation of natural convection for melting phase change in porous media[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(6):167-170.
[13]郭宽良,孔祥谦,陈善年.计算传热学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1988.GUO Kuanliang,KONG Xiangqian,CHEN Shannian.Computational heat transfer[M].Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,1988.
[14]张磊.聚乙二醇基复合储热材料的制备、性能及其相变传热过程研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.ZHANG Lei.Study on preparation,properties and phase change heat transfer process of polyethylene glycol-based composite thermal energy storage materials[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2012.
[15]董昭.用于建筑节能的粉煤灰相变储能材料的制备及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.DONG Zhao.Preparation and application of fly ash matrix phase change materials for thermal storage in building energy conservation[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013.
[16]赵海东,张咪,马宏芳,等.粉煤灰基高温复合相变蓄热材料的制备[J].山西大同大学学报,2016,32(5):38-40.ZHAO Haidong,ZHANG Mi,MA Hongfang,et al.The preparation of high temperature composite phase change heat storage material of fly ash[J].Journal of Shanxi Datong University,2016,32(5):38-40.
[17]王建宏.粉煤灰基高温复合相变蓄热材料的制备与性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.WANG Jianhong.Study on preparation and properties of high temperature fly ash base phase change heat storage composite materials[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013.
[18]邓代强,姚中亮,唐绍辉.深井充填体细观破坏及充填机制研究[J].矿冶工程,2008,28(6):15-17.DENG Daiqiang,YAO Zhongliang,TANG Shaohui.Study on microcosmic damage and filling mechanism of backfill in deep mine[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2008,28(6):15-17.
[19]陈占秀.相变储能材料相变过程的分子动力学研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.CHEN Zhanxiu.The molecular dynamic study on phase changing process of phase change material[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012.
[20]谢和平,高明忠,高峰,等.关停矿井转型升级战略构想与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1355-1365.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,GAO Feng,et al.Strategic conceptualization and key technology for the transformation and upgrading of shut-down coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1355-1365.
[21]刘峰,李树志.我国转型煤矿井下空间资源开发利用新方向探讨[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2205-2213.LIU Feng,LI Shuzhi.Discussion on the new development and utilization of underground space resources of transitional coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2205-2213.
[22]杨春和,周宏伟,李银平,等.大型盐穴储气库群灾变机理与防护[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.YANG Chunhe,ZHOU Hongwei,LI Yinping,et al.Catastrophic mechanism and protection of gas storage groups in large salt cavern[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[23]吴文,候正猛,杨春和.盐岩中能源(石油和天然气)地下储存库稳定性评价标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2493-2505.WU Wen,HOU Zhengmeng,YANG Chunhe.Investigations on evaluating criteria of stabilities for energy(petroleum and natural gas)storage caverns in rock salt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2493-2505.