深埋硬岩隧洞围岩变形量分形结构研究
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摘要
针对深埋硬岩隧道围岩变形及地质灾害等问题,文章基于分形理论的计算方法,对锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞施工过程中的围岩变形量进行了分形特征研究。结果表明:深部岩体隧洞开挖施工过程中,围岩的形变在时间上是具有分形特征的,而且呈现出较好的自相似结构特征;在同一埋深的条件下,分形维数最大值在隧洞拱顶部,其次在拱肩,边墙分形维数最小;埋深在500～1 800 m外,围岩灾害发生的频率同样随隧洞深度增加而明显呈现出增长的趋势;但当隧洞埋深在1 800 m范围之外时,变形量分形维数及围岩灾害发生的频率趋于稳定,受到埋深的影响很小。
As for the rock mass deformation and geological hazards of deep-buried hard rock tunnels,based on the calculation method of the fractural theory,it studied the fractal features of rock mass deformations during the construction of deep-buried water conveyance tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station.The results show that it has the temporal fractal characteristics for the deformation of surrounding rocks during the construction of deep rock tunnels,and it exhibits good self-similarity structural features;under the same buried depth,the maximum fractal dimensions occur at the tunnel crown,then it decreases at spandrel,and the minimum fractal dimensions occur at the side wall;as for the tunnel with buried depth of 500-1 800 m,the larger the buried depth is,the larger the increase of deformation fractal dimensions and the occurrence frequency of surrounding rock hazards;as for the tunnel with buried depth more than 1 800 m,the deformation fractal dimensions and the occurrence frequency of surrounding rock hazard tend to be stable and the buried depth has a little effect on it.
As for the rock mass deformation and geological hazards of deep-buried hard rock tunnels,based on the calculation method of the fractural theory,it studied the fractal features of rock mass deformations during the construction of deep-buried water conveyance tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station.The results show that it has the temporal fractal characteristics for the deformation of surrounding rocks during the construction of deep rock tunnels,and it exhibits good self-similarity structural features;under the same buried depth,the maximum fractal dimensions occur at the tunnel crown,then it decreases at spandrel,and the minimum fractal dimensions occur at the side wall;as for the tunnel with buried depth of 500-1 800 m,the larger the buried depth is,the larger the increase of deformation fractal dimensions and the occurrence frequency of surrounding rock hazards;as for the tunnel with buried depth more than 1 800 m,the deformation fractal dimensions and the occurrence frequency of surrounding rock hazard tend to be stable and the buried depth has a little effect on it.
引文
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[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012,31(3):561-569.CHEN Bingrui, FENG Xiating, MING Huajun, et al. Evolution Law and Mechanism of Rockburst in Deep Tunnel:Time DelayedRockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(3):561-569.
[9]陈宗基.岩爆的工程实录、理论与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1987,(1):1-18.CHEN Zongji. Rockbursts, Case Records, Theory and Control[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1987,(1):1-18.
[10]吕庆,孙红月,尚岳全,等.深埋特长公路隧道岩爆预测综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(16):2982-2988.LV Qing, SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, et al. Comprehensive Study on Prediction of Rockburst in Deep and Over-length High?way Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(16):2982-2988.
[11] B B MANDELBROT. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1982.
[12]谢和平.分形应用中的数学基础与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997.XIE Heping. Mathematics Foundation and Methods of Fractal Application[M]. Beijing:Science Press 1997.
[13] KAGAN Y Y, KNOPOFF. Statistical Study of the Occurrence of Shallow Earthquakes[J]. Geophys Royal Economic Society, 1978,55(1):67-86.
[14]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究[J].岩土力学, 2013, 34(9):2622-2628.YU Yang, FENG Xiating, CHEN Bingrui, et al. Analysis of Energy Fractal and Microseismic Information Characteristics about Im?mediate Rockbursts in Deep Tunnels with Different Excavation Methods[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(9):2622-2628.
[15] FENG X T, STEO M. A New Method of Modeling the Rock-microfracturing Process in Double Torsion Experiments Using NeuralNetworks[J]. International Journal of Analytic and Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23(4):905-923.
[16] XIE Heping. Fractals in Rock Mechanics[M]. Rotterdam:A.A. Balkema, 1992.
[2] CHEN B R, FENG X T, LI Q P. Rock Burst Intensity Classification Based on the Radiated Energy with Damage Intensity at Jinping-II Hydropower Station, China[J]. Rock. Mech. Rock. Eng., 2015, 48(1):289-303.
[3]齐庆新,陈尚本,王怀新,等.冲击地压、岩爆、矿震的关系及其数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(11):1852-1858.QI Qingxin, CHEN Shangben, WANG Huaixin, et al. Study on the Relations among Coal Bump Rockburst and Mining Tremor withNumerical Simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 22(11):1852-1858.
[4] DURRHEIM R J, HAILEA. Violent Failure a Remnant in a Deep South African Gold Mine[J]. Tectonophysics, 1998, 289(1):105-116.
[5] TANG L Z, XIA K W. Seismological Method for Prediction of Areal Rockbursts in Deep Mine with Seismic Source Mechanism andUnstable Failure Theory[J]. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 2010,(17):947-953.
[6]郭长宝,张永双,孙东升,等.挤压和剪切构造环境下深埋隧道岩爆的对比研究[J].地质学报, 2011, 85(1):66-77.GUO Changbao, ZHANG Yongshuang, SUN Dongsheng, et al. Comparison Study of Rock Bursts of Deep Buried Tunnels in theShear and Compression Tectonic Environment[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2011, 85(1):66-77.
[7] TANG B Y. Rockburst Control Using Distress Blasting[D]. Montreal:McGill University, Doctorial Thesis, 2000.
[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012,31(3):561-569.CHEN Bingrui, FENG Xiating, MING Huajun, et al. Evolution Law and Mechanism of Rockburst in Deep Tunnel:Time DelayedRockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(3):561-569.
[9]陈宗基.岩爆的工程实录、理论与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1987,(1):1-18.CHEN Zongji. Rockbursts, Case Records, Theory and Control[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1987,(1):1-18.
[10]吕庆,孙红月,尚岳全,等.深埋特长公路隧道岩爆预测综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(16):2982-2988.LV Qing, SUN Hongyue, SHANG Yuequan, et al. Comprehensive Study on Prediction of Rockburst in Deep and Over-length High?way Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(16):2982-2988.
[11] B B MANDELBROT. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1982.
[12]谢和平.分形应用中的数学基础与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997.XIE Heping. Mathematics Foundation and Methods of Fractal Application[M]. Beijing:Science Press 1997.
[13] KAGAN Y Y, KNOPOFF. Statistical Study of the Occurrence of Shallow Earthquakes[J]. Geophys Royal Economic Society, 1978,55(1):67-86.
[14]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究[J].岩土力学, 2013, 34(9):2622-2628.YU Yang, FENG Xiating, CHEN Bingrui, et al. Analysis of Energy Fractal and Microseismic Information Characteristics about Im?mediate Rockbursts in Deep Tunnels with Different Excavation Methods[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(9):2622-2628.
[15] FENG X T, STEO M. A New Method of Modeling the Rock-microfracturing Process in Double Torsion Experiments Using NeuralNetworks[J]. International Journal of Analytic and Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23(4):905-923.
[16] XIE Heping. Fractals in Rock Mechanics[M]. Rotterdam:A.A. Balkema, 1992.