南海南部次表层叶绿素a质量浓度最大值及其影响因子
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摘要
文章分析了2013年南海南部4个季节航次的叶绿素a(Chl a)调查数据,结果显示:150m以浅水柱Chl a质量浓度均值分别为早春0.14mg×m~(-3)、初夏0.12mg×m~(-3)、初秋0.18mg×m~(-3)、初冬0.16mg×m~(-3)。早春和初夏偏低的原因与早春风速小,初夏水温高,不利于水体的垂直混合,限制了深层海水中丰富的营养盐向上层水体补充有关。4个季节中海水次表层Chl a质量浓度最大值层(SCML)均出现在50m和75m,这两个水层的Chl a质量浓度差异小,季节变化不大,平均值变化范围分别为0.24~0.26mg×m~(-3)和0.22~0.26mg×m~(-3)。受混合层深度和温跃层上界深度的共同影响,50m水层Chl a质量浓度主要受制于深层富营养盐海水的向上补充,75m水层Chl a质量浓度受水温的影响明显。
The four-season environment ecological comprehensive surveys were carried out at 34 stations in the southern South China Sea by the research vessel "Nan Feng" from March to December in 2013. Results show that the average chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration of shallow water at 150 m in early spring(0.14 mg×m~(-3)) and early summer(0.12 mg×m~(-3)) were lower than that in early autumn(0.18 mg×m~(-3)) and early winter(0.16 mg×m~(-3)). This was mainly due to the smallest spring wind speed in early spring and the highest water temperature in early summer, which were not conducive to vertical mixing, limiting deep nutrients being brought up. The subsurface Chl a maximum in the four seasons all appeared at both 50 m(0.24~0.26 mg×m~(-3)) or 75 m(0.22~0.26 mg×m~(-3)), and the difference of Chl a concentration at these two depths was small, with little season change. The 50 m and 75 m layers were located in the middle part and near the bottom of the euphotic seawater, and the light received by the two layers can meet the growth need of phytoplankton. With the combined impact of mixed layer depth and the upper bound of the thermocline, the Chl a concentration in the 50 m layer was mainly controlled by the supply of nutrients, and that in the 75 m layer, by ocean temperature, both being important factors affecting phytoplankton growth.
The four-season environment ecological comprehensive surveys were carried out at 34 stations in the southern South China Sea by the research vessel "Nan Feng" from March to December in 2013. Results show that the average chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration of shallow water at 150 m in early spring(0.14 mg×m~(-3)) and early summer(0.12 mg×m~(-3)) were lower than that in early autumn(0.18 mg×m~(-3)) and early winter(0.16 mg×m~(-3)). This was mainly due to the smallest spring wind speed in early spring and the highest water temperature in early summer, which were not conducive to vertical mixing, limiting deep nutrients being brought up. The subsurface Chl a maximum in the four seasons all appeared at both 50 m(0.24~0.26 mg×m~(-3)) or 75 m(0.22~0.26 mg×m~(-3)), and the difference of Chl a concentration at these two depths was small, with little season change. The 50 m and 75 m layers were located in the middle part and near the bottom of the euphotic seawater, and the light received by the two layers can meet the growth need of phytoplankton. With the combined impact of mixed layer depth and the upper bound of the thermocline, the Chl a concentration in the 50 m layer was mainly controlled by the supply of nutrients, and that in the 75 m layer, by ocean temperature, both being important factors affecting phytoplankton growth.
引文
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高姗,王辉,刘桂梅,等,2010.南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布的统计估算[J].海洋学报,32(4):168-176.GAO SHAN,WANG HUI,LIU GUIMEI,et al,2010.The statistical estimation of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(4):168-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
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宫响,2012.南海北部次表层叶绿素最大值特征的理论分析及数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.GONG XIANG,2012.Analytical and numerical study on subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the northern South China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China(in Chinese with English abstract).
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柯志新,黄良民,谭烨辉,等,2013.2008年夏末南海北部叶绿素a的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].热带海洋学报,32(4):51-57.KE ZHIXIN,HUANG LIANGMIN,TANYEHUI,et al,2013.Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a and its relationships with environmental factors in northern South China Sea in late summer 2008[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,32(4):51-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
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李敏,2009.南海海洋叶绿素a时空分布及对季风变动响应的研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院.LI MIN,2009.A study on the spatial and temporal Chl-a distribution in the South China Sea and a response to the South China Sea monsoon[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
廖秀丽,黄洪辉,巩秀玉,等,2015.2013年南沙海域混合层深度的季节变化特征[J].南方水产科学,11(5):67-75.LIAOXIULI,HUANG HONGHUI,GONG XIUYU,et al,2015.Seasonal variability in mixed layer depth in Nansha area in2013[J].South China Fisheries Science,11(5):67-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
林丽茹,赵辉,2012.南海海域浮游植物叶绿素与海表温度季节变化特征分析[J].海洋学研究,30(4):46-54.LIN LIRU,ZHAO HUI,2012.Analysis on the relations between sea surface temperature and phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,30(4):46-54(in Chinese with English abstract).
林学举,2001.南海北部微微型浮游生物结构及叶绿素α最大值的形成机制[D].厦门:厦门大学.LIN XUEJU,2001.Picoplankton composition and mechanisms of formation of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the northern South China Sea[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University(in Chinese with English abstract).
刘昕,王静,程旭华,等,2012.南海叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征分析[J].热带海洋学报,31(4):42-48.LIU XIN,WANGJING,CHENG XUHUA,et al,2012.The temporal and spatial evolution of chlorophyll-a concentration in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(4):42-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
沈新强,王云龙,袁骐,等,2004.北太平洋鱿鱼渔场叶绿素a分布特点及其与渔场的关系[J].海洋学报,26(6):118-123.SHEN XINQIANG,WANG YUNLONG,YUAN QI,et al,2004.Distributional characteristics of chlorophyll a and relation to the fishing ground in the squid fishing ground of the northern Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,26(6):118-123(in Chinese with English abstract).
唐峰华,崔雪森,杨胜龙,等,2014.海洋环境对中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场影响的GIS时空分析[J].南方水产科学,10(2):18-26.TANG FENGHUA,CUI XUESEN,YANGSHENGLONG,et al,2014.GIS analysis on effect of temporal and spatial patterns of marine environment on purse seine fishery in the western and central Pacific[J].South China Fisheries Science,10(2):18-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
于杰,陈国宝,张魁,等,2016.南海中部海域夏季叶绿素a浓度垂向分布特征[J].南方水产科学,12(4):1-8.YU JIE,CHEN GUOBAO,ZHANG KUI,et al,2016.Vertical distribution of summer chlorophyll a concentration in the middle South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,12(4):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
张清凌,陈楚群,施平,2003.南沙群岛海域水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)的特性研究[J].热带海洋学报,22(1):9-16.ZHANG QINGLING,CHEN CHUQUN,SHI PING,2003.Characteristics of Kd(490)around Nansha Islands in South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,22(1):9-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵辉,齐义泉,王东晓,等,2005a.南海叶绿素浓度季节变化及空间分布特征研究[J].海洋学报,27(4):45-52.ZHAO HUI,QI YIQUAN,WANG DONGXIAO,et al,2005a.Study on the features of chlorophyll-a derived from Sea Wi FS in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(4):45-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵辉,唐丹玲,王素芬,2005b.南海西北部夏季叶绿素a浓度的分布特征及其对海洋环境的响应[J].热带海洋学报,24(6):31-37.ZHAO HUI,TANG DANLING,WANG SUFEN,2005b.Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in summer in Western South China Sea and its response to oceanographic environmental factors[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,24(6):31-37(in Chinese with English abstract).
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LIN JINGROU,TANG DANLING,ALPERS W,et al,2014.Response of dissolved oxygen and related marine ecological parameters to a tropical cyclone in the South China Sea[J].Advances in Space Research,53(7):1081-1091.
LIU HUAXUE,SONG XINGYU,HUANG LIANGMIN,et al,2011.Phytoplankton biomass and production in northern South China Sea during summer:influenced by Pearl River discharge and coastal upwelling[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(3):133-136.
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陈楚群,施平,毛庆文,2001.南海海域叶绿素浓度分布特征的卫星遥感分析[J].热带海洋学报,20(2):66-70.CHENCHUQUN,SHI PING,MAO QINGWEN,2001.Satellite remotely-sensed analysis of distribution characters of chlorophyll concentration in South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,20(2):66-70(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈小燕,2013.基于遥感的长时间序列浮游植物的多尺度变化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.CHEN XIAOYAN,2013.Multi-scale variations in the long time series of phytoplankton from satellite data[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University(in Chinese with English abstract).
方文东,郭忠信,黄羽庭,1997.南海南部海区的环流观测研究[J].科学通报,42(21):2264-2271.FANG WENDONG,GUOZHONGXIN,HUANG YUTING,1998.Observational study of the circulation in the southern South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,43(11):898-905(in Chinese).
高姗,王辉,刘桂梅,等,2010.南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布的统计估算[J].海洋学报,32(4):168-176.GAO SHAN,WANG HUI,LIU GUIMEI,et al,2010.The statistical estimation of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(4):168-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
高姗,2011.南海低营养级生态要素时空分布特征及模型研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.GAO SHAN,2011.The study of lower trophic level ecosystem in the South China Sea:observation and modeling investigation[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China(in Chinese with English abstract).
宫响,2012.南海北部次表层叶绿素最大值特征的理论分析及数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.GONG XIANG,2012.Analytical and numerical study on subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the northern South China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China(in Chinese with English abstract).
黄良民,1991.南沙群岛海区的光合色素和初级生产力的分布特征初探[M]//中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队.南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物研究论文集.北京:海洋出版社:66-88.(in Chinese).
黄良民,1992.南海不同海区叶绿素a和海水荧光值的垂向变化[J].热带海洋,11(4):89-95.HUANG LIANGMIN,1992.Vertical variations of chlorophyll a and fluorescence values of different areas in South China Sea[J].Tropic Oceanology,11(4):89-95(in Chinese with English abstract).
柯志新,黄良民,谭烨辉,等,2013.2008年夏末南海北部叶绿素a的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].热带海洋学报,32(4):51-57.KE ZHIXIN,HUANG LIANGMIN,TANYEHUI,et al,2013.Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a and its relationships with environmental factors in northern South China Sea in late summer 2008[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,32(4):51-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
李宝华,傅克忖,1999.南黄海浮游植物与水色透明度之间相关关系的研究[J].黄渤海海洋,17(3):73-79.LI BAOHUA,FU KECUN,1999.The study of correlations between phytoplankton and the transparency,water color in Southern Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,17(3):73-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
李纯厚,齐占会,黄洪辉,等,2010.海洋碳汇研究进展及南海碳汇渔业发展方向探讨[J].南方水产,6(6):81-86.LICHUNHOU,QI ZHANHUI,HUANG HONGHUI,et al,2010.Review on marine carbon sink and development of carbon sink fisheries in South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,6(6):81-86(in Chinese with English abstract).
李敏,2009.南海海洋叶绿素a时空分布及对季风变动响应的研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院.LI MIN,2009.A study on the spatial and temporal Chl-a distribution in the South China Sea and a response to the South China Sea monsoon[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
廖秀丽,黄洪辉,巩秀玉,等,2015.2013年南沙海域混合层深度的季节变化特征[J].南方水产科学,11(5):67-75.LIAOXIULI,HUANG HONGHUI,GONG XIUYU,et al,2015.Seasonal variability in mixed layer depth in Nansha area in2013[J].South China Fisheries Science,11(5):67-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
林丽茹,赵辉,2012.南海海域浮游植物叶绿素与海表温度季节变化特征分析[J].海洋学研究,30(4):46-54.LIN LIRU,ZHAO HUI,2012.Analysis on the relations between sea surface temperature and phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,30(4):46-54(in Chinese with English abstract).
林学举,2001.南海北部微微型浮游生物结构及叶绿素α最大值的形成机制[D].厦门:厦门大学.LIN XUEJU,2001.Picoplankton composition and mechanisms of formation of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the northern South China Sea[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University(in Chinese with English abstract).
刘昕,王静,程旭华,等,2012.南海叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征分析[J].热带海洋学报,31(4):42-48.LIU XIN,WANGJING,CHENG XUHUA,et al,2012.The temporal and spatial evolution of chlorophyll-a concentration in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(4):42-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
沈新强,王云龙,袁骐,等,2004.北太平洋鱿鱼渔场叶绿素a分布特点及其与渔场的关系[J].海洋学报,26(6):118-123.SHEN XINQIANG,WANG YUNLONG,YUAN QI,et al,2004.Distributional characteristics of chlorophyll a and relation to the fishing ground in the squid fishing ground of the northern Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,26(6):118-123(in Chinese with English abstract).
唐峰华,崔雪森,杨胜龙,等,2014.海洋环境对中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场影响的GIS时空分析[J].南方水产科学,10(2):18-26.TANG FENGHUA,CUI XUESEN,YANGSHENGLONG,et al,2014.GIS analysis on effect of temporal and spatial patterns of marine environment on purse seine fishery in the western and central Pacific[J].South China Fisheries Science,10(2):18-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
于杰,陈国宝,张魁,等,2016.南海中部海域夏季叶绿素a浓度垂向分布特征[J].南方水产科学,12(4):1-8.YU JIE,CHEN GUOBAO,ZHANG KUI,et al,2016.Vertical distribution of summer chlorophyll a concentration in the middle South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,12(4):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
张清凌,陈楚群,施平,2003.南沙群岛海域水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)的特性研究[J].热带海洋学报,22(1):9-16.ZHANG QINGLING,CHEN CHUQUN,SHI PING,2003.Characteristics of Kd(490)around Nansha Islands in South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,22(1):9-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵辉,齐义泉,王东晓,等,2005a.南海叶绿素浓度季节变化及空间分布特征研究[J].海洋学报,27(4):45-52.ZHAO HUI,QI YIQUAN,WANG DONGXIAO,et al,2005a.Study on the features of chlorophyll-a derived from Sea Wi FS in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(4):45-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵辉,唐丹玲,王素芬,2005b.南海西北部夏季叶绿素a浓度的分布特征及其对海洋环境的响应[J].热带海洋学报,24(6):31-37.ZHAO HUI,TANG DANLING,WANG SUFEN,2005b.Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in summer in Western South China Sea and its response to oceanographic environmental factors[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,24(6):31-37(in Chinese with English abstract).
DANDONNEAU Y,1979.Concentrations en chlorophylle dans le Pacifique tropical sud-ouest:comparaison avec d'autres aires océaniques tropicales[J].Oceanologica Acta,2(2):133-142.
HANSON C E,PESANT S,WAITE A M,et al,2007.Assessing the magnitude and significance of deep chlorophyll maxima of the coastal eastern Indian Ocean[J].Deep Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,54(8/9/10):884-901.
HOLD N,MURRAY L G,HINZ H,et al,2013.Environmental drivers of small scale spatial variation in the reproductive schedule of a commercially important bivalve mollusc[J].Marine Environmental Research,92:144-153.
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