川西中三叠统雷口坡组三段-四段白云岩特征与成因——来自于岩相学及地球化学的约束
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摘要
白云岩化是影响储层发育是否的重要沉积-成岩过程。作者通过在对川西地区的中三叠统雷口坡组的雷三至雷四段的岩相学,碳、氧、锶、镁同位素以及元素地球化学等综合研究,划分出含膏的泥晶云岩AD0、泥晶云岩D0、泥粉晶云岩D1、粉细晶云岩D2、微生物云岩MD、含灰质藻云岩CD(交代结构)以及去云化的泥粉晶云岩(CD0CD1)等七类白云岩。白云石有序度及铁、锰含量较低。阴极发光以暗紫、暗紫红、蓝紫为主;次为玫瑰红、橙红及橙黄红色。δ~(13)CPDB=1. 95‰～2. 46‰,δ~(18)OPDB=-4. 05‰～2. 70‰;~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0. 70778～0. 70807,δ~(26)Mg=-1. 872‰～-2. 124‰,其中δ~(13)C_(PDB)、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的平均值与中三叠世全球海水相似;δ~(18)O_(PDB)为弱负漂及正偏移。从D2、D1至D0、AD0,Sr、Na和大部分微量元素含量及比值和δ~(18)O_(PDB)逐渐增加; AD0、少量D0或MD相对富含硅、铝,并与高(低镁)方解石、黏土、有机质等共生。离子组成反映出白云石的前驱物以方解石型为主,少量为文石、原白云石结构。存在广盐、稍咸和超盐度的碱性等沉积环境。白云岩形成主要受向上变浅米级旋回序列,干燥、炎热为主、偶夹潮湿古气候以及古地貌-古水文条件等因素影响。存在浅潟湖的萨勃哈(AD0或D0)、环潮缘至局限台地(D0-D1、微生物诱导MD)、潮间-潮下的微生物礁(席)构成的障壁的台缘带(MD-CD1-CD)、潮坪-开阔台地(D0-D2-CD1、MD)等环境,以萨勃哈和受蒸发泵-密度差驱动的"渗透-回流白云石化"模式为主。
Dolomitization is an important depositional and diagenesis process greatly affecting the reservoir quality. Based on the studies with regard to petrography,carbon,oxygen,strontium and magnesium isotopes as well as the data of major and minor elements composition and ratios of bulk dolomites,seven types of dolomites has been systematic classified,i. e.( 1) micritic dolomite with gypsum or anhydrite co-exist AD0;( 2) micritic dolomite D0;( 3) micritic and microcrystalline dolomite D1;( 4) microcrystalline and finely crystalline dolomite D2;( 5) fully dolomitized microbialite MD;( 6) calcium bearing dolomite CD; and( 7) calcitized micritic and microcrystalline dolomite( de-dolomite) CD0,CD1. The average sequentiality( δ) for different dolomites is lower compared with typical dolomite in reflux dolomitization model,and the concentration of Mn and Fe are also rather lower with predominantly dark purple,purplish red,and blue purple,less common by rose-red,orange red and yellow-red( CL). The stable isotope for values for seven different type dolomites are δ~(13)CPDB( 1. 95‰ ～ 2. 46‰) and δ~(18)O_(PDB)(-4. 05‰ ～ 2. 70‰),while for ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr( 0. 70778 ～0. 70807) and δ~(26)Mg(-1. 872‰ ～-2. 124‰),indicating that the δ~(13)C_(PDB) and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr of dolomites within the range of globe seawater change and minor negative offset or positive for δ~(18)O_(PDB) in the Middle Triassic. A few D0 and MD as well as AD0 are rich in the concentration of silicon,aluminum with present by a few low or high magnesium calcite,clay minerals and organic matters. Except for the concentration( Sr~(2 +)+ Ba~(2+)) of few samples is large than the( Mn~(2+)+ Fe~(2+) + Zn~(2+)),which most of them assumed as predominantly calcite and subordinate aragonite structure for proto-dolomites. From the type of D2 to D1,or D0 and AD0,the concentration Sr and Na,most of minor-elements and ratios of bulk various dolomites,as well as δ~(18)O shows an increasing tendency,imply that would been in an euryhaline,penesaline and alkaline,hyperhaline sedimentary environment. Heterogeneous geochemical data prevailing in same type dolomite reveals that multi-controlling factors effect on the dolomitization process,which would be owing to shallowing upward of meter-scale cycles of deposition unites,in a dominantly arid and hot with occasional humid intervening climatic condition,the change lateral in lithofacies or microfacies arguably ascribed to the migration of margin or barrier of microbialite,and beach,shoal or microbial mats or bioherms. Therefore,the composite of reflux and Sabakha dolomitization model has been put forward to decipher the distribution of seven types of dolomites: i. e.,the AD0 or D0 most likely to been formed in a shallow lagoon,belong"Sabkha"in supratidal,D0,D1 and MD( mediation of micreobes) and a few AD0 in a restricted lagoon of intertidal,MD,CD1 and CD took place between the intertidal and subtidal in margin or barrier of platform,D0,D2,CD1 and MD( in microbial mats,mounds or bioherms) in the flat( or tidal channels) or an open lagoon and the open platform,and the three lately mention cases believed to closely associate with reflux dolomitization,driven by either topographic head-driven or density-difference by evaporation pump.
Dolomitization is an important depositional and diagenesis process greatly affecting the reservoir quality. Based on the studies with regard to petrography,carbon,oxygen,strontium and magnesium isotopes as well as the data of major and minor elements composition and ratios of bulk dolomites,seven types of dolomites has been systematic classified,i. e.( 1) micritic dolomite with gypsum or anhydrite co-exist AD0;( 2) micritic dolomite D0;( 3) micritic and microcrystalline dolomite D1;( 4) microcrystalline and finely crystalline dolomite D2;( 5) fully dolomitized microbialite MD;( 6) calcium bearing dolomite CD; and( 7) calcitized micritic and microcrystalline dolomite( de-dolomite) CD0,CD1. The average sequentiality( δ) for different dolomites is lower compared with typical dolomite in reflux dolomitization model,and the concentration of Mn and Fe are also rather lower with predominantly dark purple,purplish red,and blue purple,less common by rose-red,orange red and yellow-red( CL). The stable isotope for values for seven different type dolomites are δ~(13)CPDB( 1. 95‰ ～ 2. 46‰) and δ~(18)O_(PDB)(-4. 05‰ ～ 2. 70‰),while for ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr( 0. 70778 ～0. 70807) and δ~(26)Mg(-1. 872‰ ～-2. 124‰),indicating that the δ~(13)C_(PDB) and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr of dolomites within the range of globe seawater change and minor negative offset or positive for δ~(18)O_(PDB) in the Middle Triassic. A few D0 and MD as well as AD0 are rich in the concentration of silicon,aluminum with present by a few low or high magnesium calcite,clay minerals and organic matters. Except for the concentration( Sr~(2 +)+ Ba~(2+)) of few samples is large than the( Mn~(2+)+ Fe~(2+) + Zn~(2+)),which most of them assumed as predominantly calcite and subordinate aragonite structure for proto-dolomites. From the type of D2 to D1,or D0 and AD0,the concentration Sr and Na,most of minor-elements and ratios of bulk various dolomites,as well as δ~(18)O shows an increasing tendency,imply that would been in an euryhaline,penesaline and alkaline,hyperhaline sedimentary environment. Heterogeneous geochemical data prevailing in same type dolomite reveals that multi-controlling factors effect on the dolomitization process,which would be owing to shallowing upward of meter-scale cycles of deposition unites,in a dominantly arid and hot with occasional humid intervening climatic condition,the change lateral in lithofacies or microfacies arguably ascribed to the migration of margin or barrier of microbialite,and beach,shoal or microbial mats or bioherms. Therefore,the composite of reflux and Sabakha dolomitization model has been put forward to decipher the distribution of seven types of dolomites: i. e.,the AD0 or D0 most likely to been formed in a shallow lagoon,belong"Sabkha"in supratidal,D0,D1 and MD( mediation of micreobes) and a few AD0 in a restricted lagoon of intertidal,MD,CD1 and CD took place between the intertidal and subtidal in margin or barrier of platform,D0,D2,CD1 and MD( in microbial mats,mounds or bioherms) in the flat( or tidal channels) or an open lagoon and the open platform,and the three lately mention cases believed to closely associate with reflux dolomitization,driven by either topographic head-driven or density-difference by evaporation pump.
引文
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