不同温度下紫色土与黄壤的水分持续性耗散特征
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摘要
[目的]研究温度对紫色土和黄壤耕地表土水分耗散的影响,为紫色土区田间土壤水分管理提供依据。[方法]采集紫色土和黄壤耕地表层土壤,分别在20℃,30℃和40℃下恒温观测土壤水分耗散过程,并计算不同时段的蒸发量和蒸发速率、平均蒸发速率、累积蒸发量等指标。[结果]①紫色土和黄壤的水分时段蒸发量、时段蒸发速率、平均蒸发速率及累积蒸发量均表现为:40℃>30℃>20℃,但仅在土壤水分蒸发量递增阶段存在显著差异(p<0.05)。②3种温度条件下,紫色土和黄壤时段蒸发量、时段蒸发速率、平均蒸发速率均呈先增后减趋势,最终趋于稳定。相比而言,紫色土累积蒸发量均小于黄壤,且差值随着时间的推移而增大。③紫色土和黄壤水分累积蒸发量整体呈先快速变化后缓慢变化趋势。[结论]紫色土和黄壤水分耗散过程受温度影响较大,在相同温度下也存在差异,尤其是在高含水率阶段较为明显。
[Objective] The soil water dissipation features between purple soil and yellow soil at different temperatures were compared, in order to provide a basis for field management of soil water in the purple soil area. [Methods] The topsoil on purple soil and yellow soil farmland were collected to observe the process of water dissipation at three different temperatures(20, 30 and 40 ℃) conditions, and the evaporation amount and evaporation rate, average evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation amount were then calculated. [Results] ① The evaporation amount, the evaporation rate, the average evaporation rate and the cumulative evaporation amount of purple soil and yellow soil were ranked as 40 ℃>30 ℃>20 ℃, however, the significant difference only occurred in the incremental stage of soil water evaporation(p<0.05). ② Under the three different temperature conditions, the evaporation amount, the evaporation rate and the average evaporation rate of purple soil and yellow soil increased first and then decreased, and finally tended to be stable. In contrast, the cumulative evaporation amount of purple soil was less than that of yellow soil, and the difference increased with time. ③ The cumulative evaporation amount of soil water changed rapidly at first and then slowly. [Conclusion] The dissipation processes of purple soil and yellow soil are greatly affected by the drying temperature, and the differences occur at the same temperature, especially at the stage of high water content.
[Objective] The soil water dissipation features between purple soil and yellow soil at different temperatures were compared, in order to provide a basis for field management of soil water in the purple soil area. [Methods] The topsoil on purple soil and yellow soil farmland were collected to observe the process of water dissipation at three different temperatures(20, 30 and 40 ℃) conditions, and the evaporation amount and evaporation rate, average evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation amount were then calculated. [Results] ① The evaporation amount, the evaporation rate, the average evaporation rate and the cumulative evaporation amount of purple soil and yellow soil were ranked as 40 ℃>30 ℃>20 ℃, however, the significant difference only occurred in the incremental stage of soil water evaporation(p<0.05). ② Under the three different temperature conditions, the evaporation amount, the evaporation rate and the average evaporation rate of purple soil and yellow soil increased first and then decreased, and finally tended to be stable. In contrast, the cumulative evaporation amount of purple soil was less than that of yellow soil, and the difference increased with time. ③ The cumulative evaporation amount of soil water changed rapidly at first and then slowly. [Conclusion] The dissipation processes of purple soil and yellow soil are greatly affected by the drying temperature, and the differences occur at the same temperature, especially at the stage of high water content.
引文
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[2]胡兵辉,王维,张红芳.西南干热河谷休闲农田温度与蒸发量日变化规律及协同关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(5):259-265.
[3]刘合满,曹丽花,马和平.西藏林芝地区农田土壤蒸发对大气温湿度的响应[J].生态科学,2013,32(2):241-245.
[4]潘英华,雷廷武,赵军.PAM与PG对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):990-994.
[5]孙树国,张建国,徐新文,等.塔克拉玛干地区土壤质地以及灌溉水水量及水质对土壤蒸发的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1245-1249.
[6]原翠萍,张心平,雷廷武,等.砂石覆盖粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):25-28.
[7]武科,赵闯,张文,等.干湿循环作用下膨胀土表观胀缩变形特性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(12):121-127.
[8]Yamanaka T,Takeda A,Shimada J.Evaporation beneath the soil surface:Some observational evidence and numerical experiments[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,12(13/14):2193-2203.
[9]赵丹,李毅,冯浩.砂石条形覆盖下土壤水分蒸发动态研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(5):1058-1068.
[10]刘祥梅.三峡库区的气候评价及近54年来的气候变化[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[11]Gardner H R,Gardner W R.Relation of water application to evaporation and storage of soil water[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(2):192-196.
[12]华孟.物理的土壤学[M].北京:农业出版社,1983,117-118.
[13]依艳丽.土壤物理研究法:灌溉与非灌溉土壤的物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009,126-128.
[14]An Ni,Tang Chaosheng,Xu Shikang,et al.Effects of soil characteristics on moisture evaporation[J].Engineering Geology,2018,239:126-135.
[15]舒凯民,樊贵盛.砂壤黄土比水容量对土壤容重变异敏感性分析[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):814-819.
[16]李开元,李玉山.黄土高原土壤在不同给水条件下的蒸发性能[J].干旱地区农业研究,1991(3):77-84.
[17]刘效东,乔玉娜,周国逸.土壤有机质对土壤水分保持及其有效性的控制作用[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1209-1218.
[18]王铁行,陈晶晶,李彦龙.非饱和黄土地表蒸发的试验研究[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(6):985-990.