东海区3种型刺网对日本方头鱼的选择性研究
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摘要
为探索东海区日本方头鱼(Branchiostegus japonicus)三重刺网与海洋渔业资源的适宜性。2015年4月开展了3种型刺网(单片刺网、双重刺网和三重刺网)3种网目尺寸(50、60和70mm)的选择性试验。应用Normal、Lognormal、Gamma和Bi-normal 4种选择性曲线进行拟合,采用极大似然法估算模型参数研究3种型刺网的选择性。研究表明:3种型刺网共捕获种类33种,鲈形目最多(15种),鲉形目次之(5种),其中日本方头鱼为第一优势种,渔具具有较强的选择性;在同型刺网中,随着网目尺寸的增加(50~70mm),日本方头鱼优势体长组逐渐增大,网目尺寸对于其体长选择具有显著影响;日本方头鱼刺网最适选择性曲线为Lognormal曲线,3种型刺网选择性曲线基本相同;采用选择性曲线法推算出3种型刺网对日本方头鱼最佳网目尺寸依次为77.57、74.84和70.91mm。依据以上研究结果,针对日本方头鱼三重刺网,将其网目尺寸调整为70.91mm,可以有效保护当前渔业资源。
In order to explore the suitability of trammel net for Branchiostegus japonicas and the fishery resources in East China Sea,three kinds of gillnets(single layer fishing gillnet,semi-trammel net and trammel net)with three mesh sizes(50,60 and 70 mm)were carried out on April 2015.Four selectivity models(Normal,Lognormal,Gamma and Bi-normal)were used to fitting the test net data,and maximum likelihood method was used to estimating the parameters of three kinds of gillnets selectivity curves.In total,33 fish species were captured by three kinds of gillnets,and perciformes contained the largest number of species(15 species),which was followed by scorpaeniformes(5 species),among themB.japonicas was the first dominant,indicating that the fishing gears had strong selectivity.In the same kind of gillnet,the dominant body length of B.japonicus increased gradually with the mesh size from 50 mm to 70 mm,thus the mesh size had significant effect on body length selection.Lognormal curve provided the best fit for gillnet selectivity although the selectivity curves of three kinds of gillnets were basically the same.The optimal mesh size of the three kinds of gillnets was 77.57 mm,74.84 mm and 70.91 mm as were determined with the selective curve method,respectively.Based on the above findings,we believed that adjusting the mesh size to 70.91 mm of trammel net for B.japonicus can protect the current fishery resources effectivity.
In order to explore the suitability of trammel net for Branchiostegus japonicas and the fishery resources in East China Sea,three kinds of gillnets(single layer fishing gillnet,semi-trammel net and trammel net)with three mesh sizes(50,60 and 70 mm)were carried out on April 2015.Four selectivity models(Normal,Lognormal,Gamma and Bi-normal)were used to fitting the test net data,and maximum likelihood method was used to estimating the parameters of three kinds of gillnets selectivity curves.In total,33 fish species were captured by three kinds of gillnets,and perciformes contained the largest number of species(15 species),which was followed by scorpaeniformes(5 species),among themB.japonicas was the first dominant,indicating that the fishing gears had strong selectivity.In the same kind of gillnet,the dominant body length of B.japonicus increased gradually with the mesh size from 50 mm to 70 mm,thus the mesh size had significant effect on body length selection.Lognormal curve provided the best fit for gillnet selectivity although the selectivity curves of three kinds of gillnets were basically the same.The optimal mesh size of the three kinds of gillnets was 77.57 mm,74.84 mm and 70.91 mm as were determined with the selective curve method,respectively.Based on the above findings,we believed that adjusting the mesh size to 70.91 mm of trammel net for B.japonicus can protect the current fishery resources effectivity.
引文
[1]孙满昌.海洋渔业技术学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.Sun M C.Marine Fishery Technology[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2005.
[2]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:109-160.Sun M C.Fishing Gear Selectivity[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2004:109-160.
[3]陈冬分.深水流网渔业发展剖析[J].海洋渔业,1994,16(6):267-268.Chen D F.The profile of deep water drifting net fishery development[J].Marine Fisheries,1994,16(6):267-268.
[4]薄治礼,周婉霞,薛利建,等.东海北部、黄海南部方头鱼资源调查[J].水产学报,2005,38(5):676-681.Bo Z L,Zhou W X,Xue L J,et al.Survey onBranchiostegusresource in the north part of the East China Sea and in the southern part of Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,38(5):676-681.
[5]孙中之.刺网渔业与捕捞技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014:46-47.Sun Z Z.Gill net Fishery and Fishing Technology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2014:46-47.
[6]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:241-243.Zhu Y D,Zhang C L,Cheng Q T,et al.Fishes of East China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1963:241-243.
[7]MacLennan D N.Fishing gear selectivity:An over view[J].Fisheries Research,1992,13:201-204.
[8]张鹏,杨吝,张旭丰,等.南海区金线鱼刺网网目选择性[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1085-1093.Zhang P,Yang L,Zhang X F,et al.Mesh selectivity of Nemipterusvirgatusgillnet in South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(5):1085-1093.
[9]李灵智,熊英,汤建华,等.东海区单层流刺网对棘绿鳍鱼的选择性[J].水产学报,2016,40(8):1265-1271.Ling L Z,Xiong Y,Tang J H,et al.The mesh size selectivity of gillnets to Chelidonichthysspinosusin the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(8):1265-1271.
[10]尤宗博,李显森,赵宪勇,等.蓝点马鲛大网目流刺网的选择性研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):289-296.You Z B,Li X S,Zhao X Y,et al.The selectivity research of big mesh gillnet for Scomberomorusniphonius[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(2):289-296.
[11]张健,孙满昌.刺网渔具选择性研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1040-1048.Zhang J,Sun M C.Research progress on size selectivity of gillnet[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(6):1040-1048.
[12]Wileman D A,Ferro R S,Fonteyne R,et al.Manual of Methods of Measuring the Selectivity of Towed Fishing Gears[R].Copenhagen:ICES Cooperative Research Report,1996.
[13]Yokota T,Mitamura H,Arai N,et al.Comparison of behavioral characteristics of hatchery-reared and wild red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus released in Maizuru Bay by using acoustic biotelemetry[J].Fisheries Science,2006,72:520-529.
[14]Kim J C,Kang I K,Kim D S,et al.The fishery and fishing ground environment for red horsehead(Branchiostegus japonicus)on the adjacent seas of Jeju Island[J].Journal of Korea Society Fisheries Technology,2006,42(1):19-29.
[15]Yamashita H,Shiode D,Tokai T.Longline hook selectivity for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus in the East China Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2009,75:863-874.
[16]Yamashita H,Yousuke O,Daisuke S,et al.Comparison of hook selectivity curve between two different-shaped hooks for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicas[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2010,76(1):46-53.
[17]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:56-62.The state administration of quality supervision,inspection and quarantine,the national standardization management committee.Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007:56-62.
[18]李凡,徐焕君,吕振波,等.莱州湾游泳动物群落种类组成及多样性[J].生物多样性,2013,21(5):537-546.Li F,Xu H J,Lv Z B,et al.Species composition and community diversity of nekton in Laizhou Bay,China[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(5):537-546.
[19]Iwona P L,Niels M,Bohdan D,et al.Gill net selectivity for perch(Perca fluviatilis)in the Szczecin Lagoon,Poland[J],Fisheries Research,2006,80:339-344.
[20]Russell B M,Robert J F.Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears,traps,nets and hooks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,1999,9:89-116.
[21]夏连军,施兆鸿,王建钢,等.日本方头鱼的增养殖及生物学现状[J].渔业现代化,2005(4):25-26.Xia L J,Shi Z H,Wang J G,et al.The present situation of biology and aquaculture of Branchiostegus japonicus[J].Fishery Modernization,2005(4):25-26.
[22]Hovard H,Lassen H.Manual on Estimation of Selectivity for Gillnet and Longline Gears in Abundance Survers[R].Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Paper,2000:84.
[2]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:109-160.Sun M C.Fishing Gear Selectivity[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2004:109-160.
[3]陈冬分.深水流网渔业发展剖析[J].海洋渔业,1994,16(6):267-268.Chen D F.The profile of deep water drifting net fishery development[J].Marine Fisheries,1994,16(6):267-268.
[4]薄治礼,周婉霞,薛利建,等.东海北部、黄海南部方头鱼资源调查[J].水产学报,2005,38(5):676-681.Bo Z L,Zhou W X,Xue L J,et al.Survey onBranchiostegusresource in the north part of the East China Sea and in the southern part of Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,38(5):676-681.
[5]孙中之.刺网渔业与捕捞技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014:46-47.Sun Z Z.Gill net Fishery and Fishing Technology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2014:46-47.
[6]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:241-243.Zhu Y D,Zhang C L,Cheng Q T,et al.Fishes of East China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1963:241-243.
[7]MacLennan D N.Fishing gear selectivity:An over view[J].Fisheries Research,1992,13:201-204.
[8]张鹏,杨吝,张旭丰,等.南海区金线鱼刺网网目选择性[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1085-1093.Zhang P,Yang L,Zhang X F,et al.Mesh selectivity of Nemipterusvirgatusgillnet in South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(5):1085-1093.
[9]李灵智,熊英,汤建华,等.东海区单层流刺网对棘绿鳍鱼的选择性[J].水产学报,2016,40(8):1265-1271.Ling L Z,Xiong Y,Tang J H,et al.The mesh size selectivity of gillnets to Chelidonichthysspinosusin the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(8):1265-1271.
[10]尤宗博,李显森,赵宪勇,等.蓝点马鲛大网目流刺网的选择性研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):289-296.You Z B,Li X S,Zhao X Y,et al.The selectivity research of big mesh gillnet for Scomberomorusniphonius[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(2):289-296.
[11]张健,孙满昌.刺网渔具选择性研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1040-1048.Zhang J,Sun M C.Research progress on size selectivity of gillnet[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(6):1040-1048.
[12]Wileman D A,Ferro R S,Fonteyne R,et al.Manual of Methods of Measuring the Selectivity of Towed Fishing Gears[R].Copenhagen:ICES Cooperative Research Report,1996.
[13]Yokota T,Mitamura H,Arai N,et al.Comparison of behavioral characteristics of hatchery-reared and wild red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus released in Maizuru Bay by using acoustic biotelemetry[J].Fisheries Science,2006,72:520-529.
[14]Kim J C,Kang I K,Kim D S,et al.The fishery and fishing ground environment for red horsehead(Branchiostegus japonicus)on the adjacent seas of Jeju Island[J].Journal of Korea Society Fisheries Technology,2006,42(1):19-29.
[15]Yamashita H,Shiode D,Tokai T.Longline hook selectivity for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus in the East China Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2009,75:863-874.
[16]Yamashita H,Yousuke O,Daisuke S,et al.Comparison of hook selectivity curve between two different-shaped hooks for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicas[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2010,76(1):46-53.
[17]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:56-62.The state administration of quality supervision,inspection and quarantine,the national standardization management committee.Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007:56-62.
[18]李凡,徐焕君,吕振波,等.莱州湾游泳动物群落种类组成及多样性[J].生物多样性,2013,21(5):537-546.Li F,Xu H J,Lv Z B,et al.Species composition and community diversity of nekton in Laizhou Bay,China[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(5):537-546.
[19]Iwona P L,Niels M,Bohdan D,et al.Gill net selectivity for perch(Perca fluviatilis)in the Szczecin Lagoon,Poland[J],Fisheries Research,2006,80:339-344.
[20]Russell B M,Robert J F.Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears,traps,nets and hooks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,1999,9:89-116.
[21]夏连军,施兆鸿,王建钢,等.日本方头鱼的增养殖及生物学现状[J].渔业现代化,2005(4):25-26.Xia L J,Shi Z H,Wang J G,et al.The present situation of biology and aquaculture of Branchiostegus japonicus[J].Fishery Modernization,2005(4):25-26.
[22]Hovard H,Lassen H.Manual on Estimation of Selectivity for Gillnet and Longline Gears in Abundance Survers[R].Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Paper,2000:84.