超导磁储能-蓄电池混合储能系统在平抑风电场功率波动中的应用
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摘要
超导磁储能(SMES)系统拥有高功率密度和零电阻特性,其作为一种新型储能装置应用于电力系统是未来的必然趋势。为了更有效地平抑风电场的功率波动,以SMES和蓄电池储能系统(BESS)组成的混合储能系统(HESS)为研究对象,设计了一种分层控制策略。首先,在装置层中设计了SMES的PI加功率前馈控制器,使SMES具有稳定的直流运行电压;其次,在系统层提出了基于经验模态分解、模糊控制以及优化控制的策略,使HESS在功率分配的同时维持储能装置的荷电状态(SOC)于良好的水平,从而最大程度地补偿风电场出口的功率波动,实现风电场可靠的并网。仿真结果验证了所提出的HESS分层控制策略的有效性,为实现SMES和BESS之间不同功率、能量特性间的互补提供了新的思路。
Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system has the characteristics of high power density and zero impedance;therefore, there is an inevitable trend for SMES to be applied in power system. In order to suppress the fluctuation of wind power more effectively, a hybrid energy storage system(HESS) based on SMES and battery energy storage system(BESS) is selected as the research object, and a hierarchical control strategy consisting of device level and system level is designed. At the device level, a PI with power feed-forward controller for SMES is proposed to maintain the stability of DC-side voltage; At the system level, a multilevel power allocation strategy for HESS based on empirical mode decomposition, fuzzy control and optimized control is proposed to achieve efficient grid connections for the wind farm,which can smooth the power fluctuation of the wind farm maximally when the state of charge of HESS is within a limit.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategies, which provide a new method to take advantage of the complementary nature of the different power and energy characteristics of the SMES system and BESS.
Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system has the characteristics of high power density and zero impedance;therefore, there is an inevitable trend for SMES to be applied in power system. In order to suppress the fluctuation of wind power more effectively, a hybrid energy storage system(HESS) based on SMES and battery energy storage system(BESS) is selected as the research object, and a hierarchical control strategy consisting of device level and system level is designed. At the device level, a PI with power feed-forward controller for SMES is proposed to maintain the stability of DC-side voltage; At the system level, a multilevel power allocation strategy for HESS based on empirical mode decomposition, fuzzy control and optimized control is proposed to achieve efficient grid connections for the wind farm,which can smooth the power fluctuation of the wind farm maximally when the state of charge of HESS is within a limit.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategies, which provide a new method to take advantage of the complementary nature of the different power and energy characteristics of the SMES system and BESS.
引文
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[21]梅二召.小波包结合希尔伯特黄变换在中压宽带电力线通信降噪中的研究[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2016.MEI Erzhao.Study on noise reduction of medium voltage broadband power line communication using wavelet packet and Hilbert Huang Transform[D].Yunnan,China:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016.
[22]徐国栋,程浩忠,马紫峰,等.用于平滑风电出力的储能系统运行与配置综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3470-3479.XU Guodong,CHENG Haozhong,MA Zifeng,et al.An overview of operation and configuration of energy storage systems for smoothing wind power outputs[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3470-3479.
[23]杨锡运,曹超,李相俊,等.基于模糊经验模态分解的电池储能系统平滑风电出力控制策略[J].电力建设,2016,37(8):134-140.YANG Xiyun,CAO Chao,LI Xiangjun,et al.Control strategy of smoothing wind power output using battery energy storage system based on fuzzy empirical mode decomposition[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(8):134-140.
[24]CHEN H S,CONG T N,YANG W,et al.Progress in electrical energy storage system:a critical review[J].Progress in Natural Science,2009,19(3):291-312.
[25]DíAZ-GONZáLEZ F,SUMPER A,GOMIS-BELLMUNT O,et al.Areview of energy storage technologies for wind power applications[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(4):2154-2171.
[26]李凯,马倩,徐红兵,等.储能系统的荷电状态管理策略及其影响评价[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):27-32.LI Kai,MA Qian,XU Hongbing,et al.SOC management strategy of storage system and its impact assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(8):27-32.
[27]李霄,胡长生,刘昌金,等.基于超级电容储能的风电场功率调节系统建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(9):86-90.LI Xiao,HU Changsheng,LIU Changjin,et al.Modelling and controlling of SCES based wind farm power regulation system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(9):86-90.
[2]DENG J,SHI J,LIU Y,et al.Application of a hybrid energy storage system in the fast charging station of electric vehicles[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(4):1092-1097.
[3]FANG J,TANG Y,LI H,et al.A battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for implementing the power management of virtual synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(4):2820-2824.
[4]XIE Q,WANG Y,KIM Y,et al.Charge allocation in hybrid electrical energy storage systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2013,32(7):1003-1016.
[5]程启明,徐聪,程尹曼,等.基于混合储能技术的光储式充电站直流微网系统协调控制[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2073-2083.CHENG Qiming,XU Cong,CHENG Yinman,et al.Coordination control of PV charging station DC microgrid system based on hybrid energy storage technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2073-2083.
[6]李凤婷,曾祥军,夏令琴.基于多变量模糊控制的直流微网混合储能策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(1):126-135.LI Fengting,ZENG Xiangjun,XIA Lingqin.Hybrid energy storage strategy based on multivariable fuzzy control for DC microgrid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(1):126-135.
[7]LIU J,ZHANG H,LI J,et al.A coordinated control strategy of SMESbased on common DC bus[C]∥IECON 2014-40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Dallas,USA:IEEE,2014:5430-5435.
[8]何清,金涛,王少荣,等.SMES装置用VSC双闭环功率控制系统设计[J].电气应用,2016,35(15):84-90.HE Qing,JIN Tao,WANG Shaorong,et al.Design of the closed loop power control for SMES device based on VSC[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(15):84-90.
[9]PAATERO J V,LUND P D.Effect of energy storage on variations in wind power[J].Wind Energy,2005,8(4):421-441.
[10]邓汇娟,张铁山,周小光,等.超导储能蓄电池混合储能在风力发电中的应用[J].电源学报,2013,11(1):25-29.DENG Huijuan,ZHANG Tieshan,ZHOU Xiaoguang,et al.Application of hybrid energy storage system with superconducting magnetic energy storage battery in wind power generation[J].Journal of Porous Media,2013,11(1):25-29.
[11]邵丽华,章竹耀,张春龙,等.储能电池荷电状态与平抑风电出力波动协调运行策略[J].电力建设,2017,38(1):84-88.SHAO Lihua,ZHANG Zhuyao,ZHANG Chunlong,et al.Coordinated operation strategy of storage battery SOC and smoothing wind power fluctuation[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(1):84-88.
[12]BAI L,LI F,HU Q,et al.Application of battery-supercapacitor energy storage system for smoothing wind power output:An optimal coordinated control strategy[C]∥2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,USA:IEEE,2016:1-5.
[13]SHIM J W,CHO Y,KIM S J,et al.Synergistic control of SMES and battery energy storage for enabling dispatchability of renewable energy sources[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2013,23(3):5701205.
[14]刘金虹,张辉,杨秉翰,等.再生能源发电中考虑SOC的复合储能控制策略[J].西安理工大学学报,2014,30(3):299-303.LIU Jinhong,ZHANG Hui,YANG Binghan,et al.Control strategy of hybrid energy storage for renewable energy considering SOC[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2014,30(3):299-303.
[15]ZHANG K,MAO C,LU J,et al.Optimal control of state-of-charge of superconducting magnetic energy storage for wind power system[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2014,8(1):58-66.
[16]王跃,吕林,朱雨薇.基于双层功率分解的混合储能系统容量配置[J].电力建设,2016,37(12):61-67.WANG Yue,LüLin,ZHU Yuwei.Capacity configuration of hybrid energy storage system based on double layer power decomposition[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(12):61-67.
[17]韩晓娟,陈跃燕,张浩,等.基于小波包分解的混合储能技术在平抑风电场功率波动中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):8-13.HAN Xiaojuan,CHEN Yueyan,ZHANG Hao,et al.Application of hybrid energy storage technology based on wavelet packet decomposition in smoothing the fluctuations of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):8-13.
[18]YANG X,CAO C,LI X,et al.Control method of smoothing wind power output using battery energy storage system based on empirical mode decomposition[C]//2015 34th Chinese Control Conference.Hangzhou,China:IEEE,2015:304-308.
[19]LIN F J,CHIANG H C,CHANG J K,et al.Intelligent wind power smoothing control with BESS[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,11(2):398-407.
[20]GEE A M,ROBINSON F V P,DUNN R W.Analysis of battery lifetime extension in a small-scale wind-energy system using supercapacitors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2013,28(1):24-33.
[21]梅二召.小波包结合希尔伯特黄变换在中压宽带电力线通信降噪中的研究[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2016.MEI Erzhao.Study on noise reduction of medium voltage broadband power line communication using wavelet packet and Hilbert Huang Transform[D].Yunnan,China:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016.
[22]徐国栋,程浩忠,马紫峰,等.用于平滑风电出力的储能系统运行与配置综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3470-3479.XU Guodong,CHENG Haozhong,MA Zifeng,et al.An overview of operation and configuration of energy storage systems for smoothing wind power outputs[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3470-3479.
[23]杨锡运,曹超,李相俊,等.基于模糊经验模态分解的电池储能系统平滑风电出力控制策略[J].电力建设,2016,37(8):134-140.YANG Xiyun,CAO Chao,LI Xiangjun,et al.Control strategy of smoothing wind power output using battery energy storage system based on fuzzy empirical mode decomposition[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(8):134-140.
[24]CHEN H S,CONG T N,YANG W,et al.Progress in electrical energy storage system:a critical review[J].Progress in Natural Science,2009,19(3):291-312.
[25]DíAZ-GONZáLEZ F,SUMPER A,GOMIS-BELLMUNT O,et al.Areview of energy storage technologies for wind power applications[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(4):2154-2171.
[26]李凯,马倩,徐红兵,等.储能系统的荷电状态管理策略及其影响评价[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):27-32.LI Kai,MA Qian,XU Hongbing,et al.SOC management strategy of storage system and its impact assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(8):27-32.
[27]李霄,胡长生,刘昌金,等.基于超级电容储能的风电场功率调节系统建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(9):86-90.LI Xiao,HU Changsheng,LIU Changjin,et al.Modelling and controlling of SCES based wind farm power regulation system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(9):86-90.