杂色鲍与2种海藻混养效果研究
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摘要
在广东海洋大学东海岛海洋生物研究基地,模拟研究了杂色鲍(Hallotis diversicolor Reeve)与灰叶马尾藻(Sargassum cinereum)、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.Liui)生态混合养殖效果,分析了2种海藻对养殖水体中氮盐、磷盐的控制作用以及杂色鲍、2种海藻的生长状况。结果表明:鲍鱼与这两种大型海藻混合养殖,可明显提高鲍鱼的成活率,降低养殖水体中氮、磷盐含量,从而改善鲍鱼养殖环境。单种养殖的鲍鱼病死率是混养病死率的1.92倍。低密度混合养殖时,鲍鱼生长率较高。鲍鱼混合养殖水体中的氮盐、磷盐含量均明显低于单种养殖的,细基江蓠繁枝变种比灰叶马尾藻具有更强的吸收氮盐与磷盐能力。
Effects of polyculture on water quality and the growth rate of Hallotis diversicolor,Sargassum cinereum and Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.Liui were detected at the base of marine biology research on Donghai island,Guangdong Ocean University. The results showed that the polyculture could improve the survival rate of H.diversicolor,reduce the contents of nitrogen and phosphate in the water,and improve the aquacultural conditions of H.diversicolor. The mortality rate of the abalone monocultured was 1.92 times of those polycultured. The growth rate of the abalone was higher when its density was low. The content of N and P was obviously lower in abalone polycultured water than in monocultured water. G.tenuistipitata var.Liui has more absorption of nitrogen and phosphate salt than S.cinereum.
Effects of polyculture on water quality and the growth rate of Hallotis diversicolor,Sargassum cinereum and Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.Liui were detected at the base of marine biology research on Donghai island,Guangdong Ocean University. The results showed that the polyculture could improve the survival rate of H.diversicolor,reduce the contents of nitrogen and phosphate in the water,and improve the aquacultural conditions of H.diversicolor. The mortality rate of the abalone monocultured was 1.92 times of those polycultured. The growth rate of the abalone was higher when its density was low. The content of N and P was obviously lower in abalone polycultured water than in monocultured water. G.tenuistipitata var.Liui has more absorption of nitrogen and phosphate salt than S.cinereum.
引文
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[25]Mata L,Schuenhoff A,Santos R.A direct comparison of the performance of the seaweed biofilters,Asparagopsis armata and Ulva rigid[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2010,22(5):639-644.
[26]Martínez-Aragón J F,Hernández I,Pérez-Lloréns J L,et al.Biofiltering efficiency in removal of dissolved nutrients by three species of estuarine macroalgae cultivated with sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)waste waters 1.Phosphate[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2002,14(5):365-374.
[2]董贯仓,田相利,董双林,等.几种虾、贝、藻混养模式能量收支及转化效率的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(6):899-906.
[3]朱明远,张学雷,汤庭耀,等.应用生态模型研究近海贝类养殖的可持续发展[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(4):34-42.
[4]李杰,雷驰宙,陈伟洲.南澳贝藻混养互利机制的初步研究[J].水产科学,2012,31(8):449-453.
[5]张鹏,黄贤克,王铁杆,等.不同混养模式下条石鲷·文蛤·龙须菜的生长状况研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(16):9719-9720.
[6]孙伟.龙须菜和文蛤混养互利机制的模拟研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2006:1-62.
[7]邢坤,李耕,杨贵福,等.冬季大叶藻与幼参混养效果的模拟研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(3):260-264.
[8]王春忠,苏永全.鲍藻混养模式的构建及其效益分析[J].海洋科学,2007,31(2):27-30.
[9]Grant J,Dowd M,Tbompson K.Perspectives on field studies and related biological models of bivalve growth and carrying capacity.In Bivalve filter feeders and marine ecosystem processes[M].Berlin:RF Dome,1993:371-420.
[10]韦玮,方建光,董双林.贝藻混养生态系互利机制中的作用因子[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(2):220-224.
[11]李顺志,张言怡,王宝捷,等.扇贝海带间养试验研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,1983,4(4):69-75.
[12]马悦欣,王岩,刘璐,等.大连海区潮间带海藻附生细菌的抗微生物活性[J].大连水产学院学报,2003,18(4):252-257.
[13]黄冰心,丁兰平,谭华强,等.我国沿海马尾藻属(Sargassum)的物种多样性及其区系分布特性[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):69-76.
[14]赵素芬.海藻与海藻栽培学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012.
[15]李健鹏,赵素芬,孙会强,等.盐度对灰叶马尾藻排卵及幼孢子体早期发育的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(1):97-104.
[16]雷衍之.养殖水环境化学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:26-80.
[17]黄通谋,李春强,于晓玲,等.麒麟菜与贝类混养体系净化富营养化海水的研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):419-424.
[18]成永旭.生物饵料培养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:168-277.
[19]Troell1 M,Ronnback P,Halling C,et al.Ecological engineering in aquaculture:use of seaweeds for removing nutrients from intensive mariculture[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1999,11(1):89-97.
[20]Xu Y J,Lin J D,Chen S.Polyculture of the lined seahorse,Hippocampus erectus Perry,1810 with two species of m acroalgae in aquaria[J].Acta Oceanology Sinica,2010,29(1):26-32.
[21]Viaroli P,Fabiano M.Dissolved oxygen and nutrient budgets in a phytotreatment pond colonised by Ulva spp[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,550(1):199-209.
[22]Cao L,Wang W M,Yang Y,et al.Environmental Impact of Aquaculture and Countermeasures to Aquaculture Pollution in China[J].Aquaculture Pollution in China,2007,14(7):452-462.
[23]Mao Y Z,Yang H S,Zhou Y,et al.Potential of the seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture with scallop Chlamys farreri in North China[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2009,21(6):649-656.
[24]Robertson-Andersson D V,Potgieter M,Hansen J,et al.Integrated seaweed cultivation on an abalone farm in South Africa[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2008,20(5):579-595.
[25]Mata L,Schuenhoff A,Santos R.A direct comparison of the performance of the seaweed biofilters,Asparagopsis armata and Ulva rigid[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2010,22(5):639-644.
[26]Martínez-Aragón J F,Hernández I,Pérez-Lloréns J L,et al.Biofiltering efficiency in removal of dissolved nutrients by three species of estuarine macroalgae cultivated with sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)waste waters 1.Phosphate[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2002,14(5):365-374.