空间水量调蓄规则下梯级水电站优化调度研究
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摘要
针对梯级水电系统中长期发电调度问题,从空间水量合理分布的角度提出联合调度规则,包括表征系统可用水量与下游放水量函数关系的放水决策曲线,及描述库群系统水量在各库中理想分配的平衡曲线。以预设的分段线性函数节点为待优化的决策变量,满足保证率要求的发电量最大为目标,建立了迭代试算的模拟-优化模型并采用混合进化算法(Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona Method,SCE-UA)求解。实例计算结果与常规联合调度与判别式法相比,年均发电量和发电保证率均有较大程度的提升,更加接近理论最优解;系统最大调蓄能力水库较判别式法得到更有效利用,得到的平衡曲线指示了合理水库蓄放水的优先序和蓄放量。
In view of the long-term operation of cascade hydropower stations,the joint operation rules considering storage spatial distribution are proposed,in which,the system-wide release rule curves specifying what to release from the system and the balancing curves identifying the desired storage in each reservoirs are included. Taking the nodes of default piecewise linear function of these curves as decision-making variables to be optimized,a simulation and optimization model is set up with the goal of maximizing total generating capacity in cascade operation period. The Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona Method( SCE-UA) is used in the solving process of the model. The case calculation shows that,( a) the results of annual average power generation and power generation guarantee rate have a certain degree of improvement when comparing with the results of conventional dispatching scheme and discriminant method,which are closer to theoretical optimization results; and( b) the reservoir with maximum capacity is more effectively used than the result of discriminant method,and the obtained balancing curves can clearly indicate the priority order and volume of reservoir operation.
In view of the long-term operation of cascade hydropower stations,the joint operation rules considering storage spatial distribution are proposed,in which,the system-wide release rule curves specifying what to release from the system and the balancing curves identifying the desired storage in each reservoirs are included. Taking the nodes of default piecewise linear function of these curves as decision-making variables to be optimized,a simulation and optimization model is set up with the goal of maximizing total generating capacity in cascade operation period. The Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona Method( SCE-UA) is used in the solving process of the model. The case calculation shows that,( a) the results of annual average power generation and power generation guarantee rate have a certain degree of improvement when comparing with the results of conventional dispatching scheme and discriminant method,which are closer to theoretical optimization results; and( b) the reservoir with maximum capacity is more effectively used than the result of discriminant method,and the obtained balancing curves can clearly indicate the priority order and volume of reservoir operation.
引文
[1]李笑竹,陈志军,樊小朝,等.自适应混合布谷鸟算法在水电站调度中的应用[J].水力发电,2016,42(6):70-73,83.
[2]李星锐,卢有麟.水火电力系统短期优化调度小生境混合差分进化算法研究[J].水力发电,2016,42(2):84-89.
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[7]张粒子,杨阳.考虑年末预留水位的全景梯级水电跨年随机调度策略及模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):79-86.
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[10]王金龙,黄炜斌,马光文,等.梯级水电站群联合优化调度规则制定的投影寻踪回归法[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(2):37-43,63.
[11]纪昌明,蒋志强,孙平,等.李仙江流域梯级总出力调度图优化[J].水利学报,2014,45(2):197-204.
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[14]郭壮志,吴杰康,孔繁镍,等.梯级水电站水库蓄能利用最大化的长期优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(1):20-26.
[15]李安强,罗斌,付湘,等.乌江梯级水库联合优化调度方案[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2010,34(6):53-56.
[16]欧阳硕,周建中,周超,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡梯级枢纽联合蓄放水调度研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(4):435-443.
[17]OLIVEIRA R,LOUCKS D P.Operating rules for multireservoir systems[J].Water Resources Research,1997,33(4):839-852.
[18]胡铁松,方洪斌,曾祥,等.双库并联系统蓄水量空间分布特性研究[J].水利学报,2014,46(10):1156-1164.
[19]DUAN Q,SOROOSHIAN S,GUPTA V.Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models[J].Water Resources Research,1992,28(4):1015-1031.
[20]郭旭宁,胡铁松,曾祥,等.基于调度规则的水库群供水能力与风险分析[J].水利学报,2013,44(6):664-672.
[2]李星锐,卢有麟.水火电力系统短期优化调度小生境混合差分进化算法研究[J].水力发电,2016,42(2):84-89.
[3]冯仲恺,程春田,牛文静,等.均匀动态规划方法及其在水电系统优化调度中的应用[J].水利学报,2015,46(12):1487-1496.
[4]张诚,周建中,王超,等.梯级水电站优化调度的变阶段逐步优化算法[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(4):12-21.
[5]申建建,程春田,程雄,等.跨省送电梯级水电站群调峰调度两阶段搜索方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4817-4826.
[6]张睿,周建中,肖舸,等.金沙江下游梯级和三峡梯级水电站群联合调度补偿效益分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2378-2744.
[7]张粒子,杨阳.考虑年末预留水位的全景梯级水电跨年随机调度策略及模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):79-86.
[8]李银银,周建中,张世钦,等.雅砻江-金沙江-长江梯级水电站群联合调度图研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(4):32-40.
[9]解阳阳,黄强,张节潭,等.水电站水库分期调度图研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(8):52-61.
[10]王金龙,黄炜斌,马光文,等.梯级水电站群联合优化调度规则制定的投影寻踪回归法[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(2):37-43,63.
[11]纪昌明,蒋志强,孙平,等.李仙江流域梯级总出力调度图优化[J].水利学报,2014,45(2):197-204.
[12]LUND J R,GUZMAN J.Derived operating rules for reservoirs in series or in parallel[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1999,125(3):143-153.
[13]卢鹏,周建中,莫莉,等.梯级水电站发电计划编制与厂内经济运行一体化调度模式[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1914-1922.
[14]郭壮志,吴杰康,孔繁镍,等.梯级水电站水库蓄能利用最大化的长期优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(1):20-26.
[15]李安强,罗斌,付湘,等.乌江梯级水库联合优化调度方案[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2010,34(6):53-56.
[16]欧阳硕,周建中,周超,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡梯级枢纽联合蓄放水调度研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(4):435-443.
[17]OLIVEIRA R,LOUCKS D P.Operating rules for multireservoir systems[J].Water Resources Research,1997,33(4):839-852.
[18]胡铁松,方洪斌,曾祥,等.双库并联系统蓄水量空间分布特性研究[J].水利学报,2014,46(10):1156-1164.
[19]DUAN Q,SOROOSHIAN S,GUPTA V.Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models[J].Water Resources Research,1992,28(4):1015-1031.
[20]郭旭宁,胡铁松,曾祥,等.基于调度规则的水库群供水能力与风险分析[J].水利学报,2013,44(6):664-672.