重庆市冬季PM_(2.5)输送特征及污染源地解析
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摘要
利用全球资料同化系统数据(GDAS)和PM_(2.5)实测浓度数据,使用HYSPLIT模型和Trajstat插件的聚类方法和聚类统计模块对2015年12月-2016年2月间到达缙云山空气质量监测站的28个不同气流高度气流进行聚类分析;结合Arc GIS软件计算气流速度和气流密度,以分析山体对PM_(2.5)跨区域输送的影响;运用潜在源贡献(PSCF)分析法及浓度权重轨迹(CWT)分析缙云山PM_(2.5)潜在源贡献率和轨迹权重浓度。结果表明:重庆主城主要受西部气流影响,主城PM_(2.5)异地源多来自该方向;高大山体会减缓气流运行速度,增大气流轨迹密度,阻碍PM_(2.5)的跨区域传输,PM_(2.5)浓度、输送速度和输送方向等会发生改变,山地城市PM_(2.5)浓度受气流输送影响小于平原城市;铜锣山以西重庆段是缙云山PM_(2.5)的极重要源区,源贡献率达到80%以上,重要源区多在四川与重庆接壤区域,横断山脉部分区域气流潜在源贡献率较高。PM_(2.5)的PSCF和CWT分布区域类似,气流轨迹浓度最大值区多位于极重要源区,随着源区重要性等级的减弱,浓度也逐步降低。
PM_(2.5) concentration data and global data assimilation system(GDAS) meteorological statistics were applied to analyze the 72-hour backward trajectories of daily airflow in Chongqing, cluster method and cluster statistics of Trajstat plug-in was used to classify the airflow backward trajectory in 28 different heights during December 2015 to February 2016. Analysis of the influence of Jinyun Mountain on PM_(2.5) trans-regional transportation with Arc GIS software. The potential source contribution function(PSCF) analysis method and concentration-weighted trajectory(CWT) analysis method were applied to model the PSCF and CWT of PM_(2.5) in winter. The main findings indicated that the airflow trajectories in winter were mainly from west, which had most effect on the daily pollutants concentration value of PM_(2.5). Tall mountain slows down the speed of airflow, increased air trajectory density, it hampered trans-regional transportation of PM_(2.5). The concentration of PM_(2.5), intensity and direction of transportation will change, and the PM_(2.5) concentration of mountainous city is less than that of plain city. Tongluo Mountain at west of Chongqing is the extremely important source area of Jinyun Mountain PM_(2.5), with the source contribution rate above 80%. The important source areas mostly distributed in Sichuan Province and Chongqing, and the potential source contribution rate is higher in some areas of Hengduan Mountains. The PSCF and CWT of PM_(2.5) has similar distribution properties, with the maximum value of the concentration of the air trajectory mainly distributing in the extremely important source area, and the concentration is decreased with the decrease of the importance degree of the source region.
PM_(2.5) concentration data and global data assimilation system(GDAS) meteorological statistics were applied to analyze the 72-hour backward trajectories of daily airflow in Chongqing, cluster method and cluster statistics of Trajstat plug-in was used to classify the airflow backward trajectory in 28 different heights during December 2015 to February 2016. Analysis of the influence of Jinyun Mountain on PM_(2.5) trans-regional transportation with Arc GIS software. The potential source contribution function(PSCF) analysis method and concentration-weighted trajectory(CWT) analysis method were applied to model the PSCF and CWT of PM_(2.5) in winter. The main findings indicated that the airflow trajectories in winter were mainly from west, which had most effect on the daily pollutants concentration value of PM_(2.5). Tall mountain slows down the speed of airflow, increased air trajectory density, it hampered trans-regional transportation of PM_(2.5). The concentration of PM_(2.5), intensity and direction of transportation will change, and the PM_(2.5) concentration of mountainous city is less than that of plain city. Tongluo Mountain at west of Chongqing is the extremely important source area of Jinyun Mountain PM_(2.5), with the source contribution rate above 80%. The important source areas mostly distributed in Sichuan Province and Chongqing, and the potential source contribution rate is higher in some areas of Hengduan Mountains. The PSCF and CWT of PM_(2.5) has similar distribution properties, with the maximum value of the concentration of the air trajectory mainly distributing in the extremely important source area, and the concentration is decreased with the decrease of the importance degree of the source region.
引文
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[4]程真,陈长虹,黄成,等.长三角区域城市间一次污染跨界影响[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(4):686-694.Cheng Zhen,Chen Changhong,Huang Cheng,et al.Transboundary primary air pollution among cities in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(4):686-694.
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[6]姚振坤,冯满,吕森林,等.上海城区和临安本底站PM2.5的物化特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):289-295.Yao Zhenkun,Feng Man,Lyu Senlin,et al.Physicochemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5collected in Shanghai urban atmosphere and at Lin’an background atmospheric monitoring station[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(3):289-295.
[7]高健,王韬,柴发合,等.长江三角洲大气颗粒物生成-成长过程的研究:不同气团影响下的过程特征[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(7):931-940.Gao Jian,Wang Tao,Chai Fahe,et al.Observational study on particle nucleation process in the Yangtze River Delta,China:the growth property in different air masses[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(7):931-940.
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[18]李茜,宋金平,张建辉,等.中国城市化对环境空气质量影响的演化规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2402-2411.Li Qian,Song Jinping,Zhang Jianhui,et al.Dynamics in the effect of China's urbanization on air quality[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2402-2411.
[19]马玉芬,陆辉,刘海涛.HYSPLIT模式轨迹计算误差分析[J].南京信息工程大学学报:自然科学版,2015(1):86-91.Ma Yufen,Lu Hui,Liu Haitao.Trajectory calculation error assessment for HYSPLIT[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2015(1):86-91.
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[21]王郭臣,王珏,信玉洁,等.天津PM10和NO2输送路径及潜在源区研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(12):3009-3016.Wang Guochen,Wang Jue,Xin Yujie,et al.Transportation pathways and potential source areas of PM10and NO2in Tianjin[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(12):3009-3016.
[22]傅昭娟.后向轨迹模型在颗粒物区域影响溯源研究中应用现状[J].资源节约与环保,2016(5):20-21.Fu Zhaojuan.Application of backward trajectory model in traceability research of particle area impact[J].Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection,2016(5):20-21.
[23]Sirois A,Bottenhein JW.Use of backward trajectories to interpret the 5-year record of PAN and O3ambient air concentrations at Kejimkujik National Park,Nova Scotia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1995,100(D2):2867-2881.
[24]赵倩彪,胡鸣,张懿华.利用后向轨迹模式研究上海市PM2.5来源分布及传输特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2014(4):22-26.Zhao Qianbiao,Hu Ming,Zhang Yihua.Study of source distribution and transportation characteristics of PM2.5in Shanghai using backward trajectory model[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2014(4):22-26.
[25]Seibert P,Kromp Kolb H,Baltensperger U,et al.Trajectory Analysis of Aerosol Measurements at High Alpine Sites[A]//Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere,1994:689-693.
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