混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响
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摘要
探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮饲料品质的影响,为调制高质量的混合青贮饲料提供理论依据。以菊苣和青贮玉米为原料,按质量比0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0(分别用0C1M、1C3M、1C1M、3C1M、1C0M表示)进行混合青贮,并分别设置3个添加剂处理,即零添加、5g·t-1乳酸菌+5g·t-1纤维素酶(LX)和10g·t~(-1)乳酸菌+5g·t~(-1)纤维素酶(2LX),青贮60d后测定混合青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果显示,菊苣与青贮玉米混合比例为0∶1和1∶1时青贮饲料的感官评价优于其余3种混合比例的,而且添加剂处理感官评定优于零添加处理的。菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮可以形成养分互补,有助于均衡青贮饲料整体营养,在青贮原料中添加添加剂则可以提高青贮饲料发酵品质。混合青贮饲料的营养价值随菊苣比例增加而显著提高,但是发酵品质在菊苣混合青贮比例高于1∶1时显著降低。综合判定菊苣和青贮玉米1∶1混合时其青贮饲料品质最佳,其中又以1C1M/2LX处理最好,纤维组分(NDF和ADF)和氨态氮/总氮含量较低而粗蛋白和乳酸含量较高。
We evaluated the effects of different mixing ratios and additives on the quality of silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize,to provide guidelines for producing high-quality silage.The ratios of maize and chicory by weight were 0∶1,1∶3,1∶1,3∶1,and 1∶0(0C1M,1C3M,1C1M,3C1M,1 C0M).There were three additive treatments for each mixing ratio:no additive,5 g·t~(-1) lactic acid bacteria(LD)+ 5 g·t-1 cellulose(LX),and 10 g/t LD + 5 g·t~(-1) cellulose(2 LX).The nutrient composition and fermentation traits were measured after 60 days of ensilage to identify the optimal treatment.For sensory characters,the 0∶1 and 1∶1 mixing ratios of chicory and maize resulted in better silage quality scores than the other three mixing ratios,especially in the treatments with additives.Silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize showed improved nutritional quality and additives facilitated the fermentation process.The nutritional value increased significantly with an increasing proportion of chicory,while the fermentation quality decreased substantially if the proportion of chicory was greater than 1∶1.In summary,silage made from a 1∶1 mixture of chicory and maize had the best quality among all the mixing ratios tested.The silages treated with 1C1M/2LX had the best nutritional quality,with lower levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,a low ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen,and higher crude protein and lactic acid contents than those of the silages without additives.
We evaluated the effects of different mixing ratios and additives on the quality of silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize,to provide guidelines for producing high-quality silage.The ratios of maize and chicory by weight were 0∶1,1∶3,1∶1,3∶1,and 1∶0(0C1M,1C3M,1C1M,3C1M,1 C0M).There were three additive treatments for each mixing ratio:no additive,5 g·t~(-1) lactic acid bacteria(LD)+ 5 g·t-1 cellulose(LX),and 10 g/t LD + 5 g·t~(-1) cellulose(2 LX).The nutrient composition and fermentation traits were measured after 60 days of ensilage to identify the optimal treatment.For sensory characters,the 0∶1 and 1∶1 mixing ratios of chicory and maize resulted in better silage quality scores than the other three mixing ratios,especially in the treatments with additives.Silage made from mixtures of chicory and maize showed improved nutritional quality and additives facilitated the fermentation process.The nutritional value increased significantly with an increasing proportion of chicory,while the fermentation quality decreased substantially if the proportion of chicory was greater than 1∶1.In summary,silage made from a 1∶1 mixture of chicory and maize had the best quality among all the mixing ratios tested.The silages treated with 1C1M/2LX had the best nutritional quality,with lower levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,a low ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen,and higher crude protein and lactic acid contents than those of the silages without additives.
引文
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[3]Wang C Z,Wang T.Feed Science.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:122-140.王成章,王恬.饲料学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:122-140.
[4]Zhao M M,Wang X G,Yu Z.Silage scoring of mixed alfalfa and corn silages.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(21):20-24.赵苗苗,王显国,玉柱.苜蓿与全株玉米的混合青贮.中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(21):20-24.
[5]Wang L,Sun Q Z,Zhang H J.A study on quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and corn.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):202-209.王林,孙启忠,张慧杰.苜蓿与玉米混合青贮质量研究.草业学报,2011,20(4):202-209.
[6]Ge J,Yang C J,Yang Z M,et al.Quality of mixed naked oats(Avena nuda)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(4):104-113.葛剑,杨翠军,杨志敏,等.紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混贮发酵品质和营养成分分析.草业学报,2015,24(4):104-113.
[7]Jin S,Huang S Z,Zhong Y,et al.Evaluation of mixing silage of Musa paradisiacastems and leaves and Stylosnthes guianensis.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):512-518.金莎,黄世章,钟毅,等.香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮饲料的品质.草业科学,2016,33(3):512-518.
[8]Peng X P,Xiao X S,Li J.The comparison of different silage nutritional value.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2009,45(19):47-49.彭晓培,肖西山,李静.不同青贮饲料营养价值的比较.中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(19):47-49.
[9]Xu C C.Silage Science and Techonlogy.Beijing:Science Press,2013.徐春城.现代青贮理论与技术.北京:科学出版社,2013.
[10]Filya I,Ashbell G,Hen Y,et al.The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,88:39-46.
[11]Krishnamoorthu U,Muscato T V,Sniffen C J,et al.Nitrogen fractions in selected feed stuffs.Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65:217-225.
[12]Vansoest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation nutrition.Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[13]Owens V N,Albrecht K A,Muck R E,et al.Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of red clover and alfalfa silage harvested with varying levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates.Crop Science,1999,39:1873-1880.
[14]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Dairy Science,1980,33:64-75.
[15]Zhang L Y.Feed Analysis and Quality Inspection Technology.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[16]Huang X H.Sophora alopecuroides and Corn Straw Mixed Silaging and Quality Evaluation of Silage.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.黄晓辉.苦豆子和玉米秸秆的混合青贮及其品质评价.兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[17]Xi X J,Han L J,Hara S I,et al.Effects of lactobacillus and cellulase on the quality of corn stover silage.Journal of China Agricultural University,2003,8(2):21-24.席兴军,韩鲁佳,原慎一郎,等.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(2):21-24.
[18]Ren H W,Wang C,Dou J W,et al.Mixed ensiling quality of maize straw with waste cabbage and biogas production potential analysis.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(12):187-193.任海伟,王聪,窦俊伟,等.玉米秸秆与废弃白菜的混合青贮品质及产沼气能力分析.农业工程学报,2016,32(12):187-193.
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[20]Liang H,Liu G B,Wu J H,et al.Effects of mixed silage modes on the fermentation quality and in vitro gas dynamics of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(4):188-196.梁欢,刘贵波,吴佳海,等.混贮模式对高丹草青贮发酵品质及体外产气动力学特性的影响.草业学报,2016,25(4):188-196.
[21]Guo Y Q,He X,Sun X L.The effect of different moisture content on nutrients of alfalfa silage.Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2005,12:38-39.郭玉琴,何欣,孙晓利.不同含水率对苜蓿青贮营养成分的影响.当代畜牧,2005,12:38-39.
[22]Guo X S,Zhou H,Liu G X.Proteolysis in alfalfa silage and its inhibiting method.Pratacultural Science,2005,22(11):50-54.郭旭生,周禾,刘桂霞.苜蓿青贮过程中蛋白的分解及抑制方法.草业科学,2005,22(11):50-54.
[23]Yu J,Zheng C,Li F D,et al.An evaluation of mixed-ensiling sunflower straw and whole corn on silage quality.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(5):198-204.于杰,郑琛,李发弟,等.向日葵秸秆与全株玉米混合青贮饲料品质评定.草业学报,2013,22(5):198-204.
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