基于Hessenberg分解的彩色图像盲水印算法
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摘要
针对彩色图像的版权保护问题,提出一种基于分数阶混沌系统和Hessenberg分解的彩色图像水印算法。提取载体图像在YIQ彩色空间中的Y分量,对其进行Contourlet变换,将获得的低频子带进行不重叠分块,通过自适应量化每个子块Hessenberg分解后上三角矩阵中最大能量元素来嵌入水印。利用分数阶混沌系统的随机特性预处理水印信息,增强算法的安全性,水印提取不需要原始图像。实验结果表明,该算法对添加噪声、中值滤波、行列随机删除、区域剪切和亮度及对比度调整等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。
A color image watermarking algorithm was proposed based on fractional-order chaotic system and Hessenberg decomposition for the copyright protection of color images.The Y component of the original color image in YIQ space was performed with Contourlet transform.The low frequency sub-band was divided into non-overlapping blocks.The watermark bits were embedded into the maximum energy elements of the upper triangular matrix from the blocks experienced the Hessenberg decomposition by the adaptive quantization.To enhance the security of the algorithm,the watermark was preprocessed using random characteristics of the fractional-order chaotic system.The watermark was extracted without the original image.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to many kinds of attacks,such as adding noise,median filter,row or column random deletion,area cutting,brightness and contrast adjustment and so on.
A color image watermarking algorithm was proposed based on fractional-order chaotic system and Hessenberg decomposition for the copyright protection of color images.The Y component of the original color image in YIQ space was performed with Contourlet transform.The low frequency sub-band was divided into non-overlapping blocks.The watermark bits were embedded into the maximum energy elements of the upper triangular matrix from the blocks experienced the Hessenberg decomposition by the adaptive quantization.To enhance the security of the algorithm,the watermark was preprocessed using random characteristics of the fractional-order chaotic system.The watermark was extracted without the original image.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to many kinds of attacks,such as adding noise,median filter,row or column random deletion,area cutting,brightness and contrast adjustment and so on.
引文
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[11]XUE Wei,XIAO Hui,XU Jinkang,et al.A fractional-order hyper-chaotic system and its application in image encryption[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science and Technology,2015,30(5):67-71(in Chinese).[薛薇,肖慧,徐进康,等.一个分数阶超混沌系统及其在图像加密中的应用[J].天津科技大学学报,2015,30(5):67-71.]
[12]CHEN Musheng,CAI Zhishan.Contourlet domain image watermark method of anti-brightness and anti-contrast attack[J].Computer Engineering,2015,41(11):263-266(in Chinese).[陈木生,蔡植善.抗亮度与对比度攻击的Contourlet域图像水印方法[J].计算机工程,2015,41(11):263-266.]
[13]XIAO Feng,ZHANG Lili,FENG Fei.Parallel multi-channel color image encryption based on hybrid chaotic system[J].Microelectronics and Computer,2016,33(8):76-81(in Chinese).[肖锋,张丽丽,冯飞.混合混沌系统的并行多通道彩色图像加密[J].微电子学与计算机,2016,33(8):76-81.]
[14]Po D Y,Do M N.Directional multiscale modeling of images using the contourlet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing A Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society,2006,15(6):1610-1620.
[15]BAI Taotao,LIU Zhen,LU Peng.Digital watermarking scheme in Contourlet domain based on QR code[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laster,2014,25(4):769-776(in Chinese).[白韬韬,刘真,卢鹏.基于QR码的Contourlet域数字水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2014,25(4):769-776.]
[16]HAN Shaocheng,ZHANG Hongying.Self-embedding perfectly blind watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition for color images[J].Journal of Graphics,2015,36(3):345-351(in Chinese).[韩绍程,张红颖.基于QR分解的彩色图像自嵌入全盲水印算法[J].图学学报,2015,36(3):345-351.]
[17]ZHU Shaomin,LIU Jianming.Adaptive quantization index modulation digital image watermarking algorithm based on Contourlet transform domain[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2009,29(6):1523-1529(in Chinese).[朱少敏,刘建明.基于Contourlet变换域的自适应量化索引调制数字图像水印算法[J].光学学报,2009,29(6):1523-1529.]
[18]LI Xudong.Image digital watermarking algorithm in DCT domain for resisting brightness-and-contrast adjusting attack[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laster,2013,24(6):1184-1190(in Chinese).[李旭东.抗亮度和对比度攻击的DCT域图像数字水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2013,24(6):1184-1190.]
[2]Das C,Panigrahi S,Sharma V K,et al.A novel blind robust image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation[J].AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications,2014,68(3):244-253.
[3]Zareian M,Tohidypour H R.Robust quantization index modulation-based approach for image watermarking[J].Iet Image Processing,2013,7(5):432-441.
[4]SONG Wei,HOU Jianjun,LI Zhaohong,et al.A novel zerobit watermarking algorithm based on Logistic chaotic system and singular value decomposition[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2009,58(7):4449-4456(in Chinese).[宋伟,侯建军,李赵红,等.一种基于Logistic混沌系统和奇异值分解的零水印算法[J].物理学报,2009,58(7):4449-4456.]
[5]Wei Song,Hou Jianjun,Li Zhaohong,et al.Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm[J].Journal of Central South University,2011,18(1):116-124.
[6]Su Q,Niu Y,Liu X,et al.Embedding color watermarks in color images based on Schur decomposition[J].Optics Communications,2012,285(7):1792-1802.
[7]WANG Hongxi,ZHANG Bo.An image digital watermarking algorithm based on reduced upper Hessenberg matrix[J].Computer and Digital Engineering,2015,43(2):312-315(in Chinese).[王红喜,张博.基于约化上Hessenberg矩阵的图像数字水印算法[J].计算机与数字工程,2015,43(2):312-315.]
[8]HAN Shaocheng,WANG Rui,ZHANG Zhaoning,et al.Improved blind image watermarking algorithm based on DCT in quaternion wavelet transform domain[J].Video Engineering,2016,40(5):9-13(in Chinese).[韩绍程,王蕊,张兆宁,等.基于DCT变换的QWT域改进的图像盲水印算法[J].电视技术,2016,40(5):9-13.]
[9]LIN Tao,WU Peng,GAO Fengmei,et al.The research of digital image encryption based on fractional order Liu chaotic system[J].Laser Journal,2015,36(4):62-66(in Chinese).[林涛,吴朋,高凤梅,等.基于分数阶Liu混沌系统的数字图像加密研究[J].激光杂志,2015,36(4):62-66.]
[10]ZHAO Jianfeng,WANG Shuying,LI Xianfeng,et al.New algorithm for image encryption based on fractional order chaotic system[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Natural Science Edition),2014,51(5):958-964(in Chinese).[赵建峰,王淑英,李险峰,等.基于分数阶超混沌的新图像加密算法[J].四川大学学报自然科学版,2014,51(5):958-964.]
[11]XUE Wei,XIAO Hui,XU Jinkang,et al.A fractional-order hyper-chaotic system and its application in image encryption[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science and Technology,2015,30(5):67-71(in Chinese).[薛薇,肖慧,徐进康,等.一个分数阶超混沌系统及其在图像加密中的应用[J].天津科技大学学报,2015,30(5):67-71.]
[12]CHEN Musheng,CAI Zhishan.Contourlet domain image watermark method of anti-brightness and anti-contrast attack[J].Computer Engineering,2015,41(11):263-266(in Chinese).[陈木生,蔡植善.抗亮度与对比度攻击的Contourlet域图像水印方法[J].计算机工程,2015,41(11):263-266.]
[13]XIAO Feng,ZHANG Lili,FENG Fei.Parallel multi-channel color image encryption based on hybrid chaotic system[J].Microelectronics and Computer,2016,33(8):76-81(in Chinese).[肖锋,张丽丽,冯飞.混合混沌系统的并行多通道彩色图像加密[J].微电子学与计算机,2016,33(8):76-81.]
[14]Po D Y,Do M N.Directional multiscale modeling of images using the contourlet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing A Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society,2006,15(6):1610-1620.
[15]BAI Taotao,LIU Zhen,LU Peng.Digital watermarking scheme in Contourlet domain based on QR code[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laster,2014,25(4):769-776(in Chinese).[白韬韬,刘真,卢鹏.基于QR码的Contourlet域数字水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2014,25(4):769-776.]
[16]HAN Shaocheng,ZHANG Hongying.Self-embedding perfectly blind watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition for color images[J].Journal of Graphics,2015,36(3):345-351(in Chinese).[韩绍程,张红颖.基于QR分解的彩色图像自嵌入全盲水印算法[J].图学学报,2015,36(3):345-351.]
[17]ZHU Shaomin,LIU Jianming.Adaptive quantization index modulation digital image watermarking algorithm based on Contourlet transform domain[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2009,29(6):1523-1529(in Chinese).[朱少敏,刘建明.基于Contourlet变换域的自适应量化索引调制数字图像水印算法[J].光学学报,2009,29(6):1523-1529.]
[18]LI Xudong.Image digital watermarking algorithm in DCT domain for resisting brightness-and-contrast adjusting attack[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laster,2013,24(6):1184-1190(in Chinese).[李旭东.抗亮度和对比度攻击的DCT域图像数字水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2013,24(6):1184-1190.]