基于无人机航拍技术的城市主干路直线段车辆运行特征研究
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摘要
各类道路设计方法和规范均假定车辆严格沿道路中心线行驶,即车辆中线与车道中线重合,该假设与车辆真实轨迹存在较大差异。针对该现象,通过无人机航拍技术对南京市主干路诚信大道进行调查,获取车辆真实运行状况,借助PotPlayer和AutoCAD软件采集车辆的地点车速及轨迹偏移值等数据,在划分车道和车辆类型的基础上,利用统计学方法分析和对比轨迹偏移值,探究车辆速度和宽度因素对轨迹偏移值的影响。结果表明,同一车道上不同类型车辆的偏移值之间存在差异,同一类型车辆在不同车道上的偏移特征也存在差异;各条车道上小/中型车偏移量均值都显著大于大型车,车辆轨迹偏移均值在慢车道上达到最大值;各条车道上大型车轨迹偏移量离散程度最小,而小型车最大;车速和车身宽度因素对轨迹偏移的影响与车辆类型和车道类型均有密切关系,速度因素的影响要更加显著。
Most types of road design methods and specifications assume that vehicles are strictly driving along the road centerline,which means the centerline of vehicle should coincide with the centerline of road.However this assumption does not match with actual trajectories of vehicles.In a view of this,several straight sections of Chengxin Avenue in Nanjing are investigated by using drones,the actual operating situations of different vehicles are obtained.PotPlayer and AutoCAD are used to collect spot speed and trajectory offsets of vehicles.Based on classified lanes and vehicles,the lateral offset values are analyzed and compared by using statistical methods.Influences of operating speed and vehicle width on offset values are studied.The results show that there are significant differences in lateral offset values among different lanes and vehicle types.The mean offset values of small/medium vehicles are significantly greater than large vehicles;the mean values of three types of vehicles reach the maximum on slow lanes.As for the distribution ranges,trajectory offsets of large vehicles are the least discrete in each lane,while small cars are the largest.The influences of vehicle speed and width on trajectory offsets are closely related to vehicle types and lane types.The influences of speed factor are more significant.
Most types of road design methods and specifications assume that vehicles are strictly driving along the road centerline,which means the centerline of vehicle should coincide with the centerline of road.However this assumption does not match with actual trajectories of vehicles.In a view of this,several straight sections of Chengxin Avenue in Nanjing are investigated by using drones,the actual operating situations of different vehicles are obtained.PotPlayer and AutoCAD are used to collect spot speed and trajectory offsets of vehicles.Based on classified lanes and vehicles,the lateral offset values are analyzed and compared by using statistical methods.Influences of operating speed and vehicle width on offset values are studied.The results show that there are significant differences in lateral offset values among different lanes and vehicle types.The mean offset values of small/medium vehicles are significantly greater than large vehicles;the mean values of three types of vehicles reach the maximum on slow lanes.As for the distribution ranges,trajectory offsets of large vehicles are the least discrete in each lane,while small cars are the largest.The influences of vehicle speed and width on trajectory offsets are closely related to vehicle types and lane types.The influences of speed factor are more significant.
引文
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[2]徐进,罗骁,张凯,等.基于自然驾驶试验的山区公路汽车行驶轨迹特性研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(7):38-51.XU Jin,LUO Xiao,ZHANG Kai,et al.Investigation on characteristics of vehicle travelling tracks on mountain highways based on natural driving tests[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(7):38-51.(in Chinese)
[3]徐进,罗庆,毛嘉川,等.轨迹-速度协同控制的山区公路平面线形设计方法[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(4):43-56,71.XU Jin,LUO Qin,MAO Jiachuan,et al.Method for horizontal geometry design of mountainous roads based on trajectory-speed cooperative control[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2013,26(4):43-56,71.(in Chinese)
[4]林雨,杨轸,潘晓东.缓和曲线长度对车辆行驶轨迹的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(2):200-204.LIN Yu,YANG Zhen,PAN Xiaodong.Effect of spiral transition curve length on vehicle path[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University.,2011,46(2):200-204.(in Chinese)
[5]吴立新,席建峰,张宝南.基于行驶轨迹的双车道公路弯道路段交通安全特性研究[J].公路,2011(9):8-11.WU Lixin,XI Jianfeng,ZHANG Baonan.A study on traffic safety characteristics of curved section of two-lane highway based on driving track[J].Highway,2011(9):8-11.(in Chinese)
[6]王婉秋,钱宇彬,林雨.双车道公路弯道驾驶轨迹跟踪模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(5):817-823.WANG Wanqiu,QIAN Yubin,LIN Yu.Driver′s trajectory tracking model in curves of two-lane highway[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(5):817-823.(in Chinese)
[7]张志清,李晨,贺成林.双车道公路小半径曲线段行车速度与行车轨迹关系研究[J].交通工程,2016,16(5):22-26.ZHANG Zhiqing,LI Chen,HE Chenglin.Research on the relationships between driving speed and driving track path on small radius curves of two-Lane highways[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2016,16(5):22-26.(in Chinese)
[8]SPACEK P.Track Behavior in curve areas:Attempt at typology[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2005,131(9):669-676.
[9]DONNELL E T,GEMAR M D,CRUZADO I.Operational effects of wide edge lines applied to horizontal curve on two-lane rural highways[R].Harisburg:Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,2006.
[10]BLANA E,GOLIAS J.Differences between vehicle lateral displacement on the road and in a fixedbase simulator[J].Human Factors,2002,44(2):303-313.
[11]赵琳娜.城市道路交通事故特点及解决对策[J].汽车与安全,2018(5):68-70.ZHAO Linna.The characteristics and solutions of traffic accidents on urban roads[J].Auto&Safety,2018(5):68-70.(in Chinese)
[12]王云泽,杨少伟,潘兵宏.公路直线路段行车轨迹研究[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(2):111-119.WANG Yunze,YANG Shaowei,PAN Binghong.Research of vehicle running track in highway straight section[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(2):111-119.(in Chinese)
[13]赵延庆,王国忠,王志超.沥青路面轮迹横向分布系数的实测与分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(4):569-572.ZHAO Yanqing,WANG Guozhong,WANGZhichao.Measurement and analysis of lateral distribution factor on asphalt pavement[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(4):569-572.(in Chinese)
[14]刘黎萍,孙立军.高速公路沥青路面轮迹横向分布研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005(11):31-34,50.LIU Liping,SUN Lijun.Research on wheelpathlateral distribution for freeway asphalt pavements[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2005(11):31-34,50.(in Chinese)
[15]林雨,牛建峰,徐颖.双车道公路弯道行车轨迹特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(3):113-117.LIN Yu,NIU Jianfeng,XU Ying.Study on characteristics of vehicle path in curves on two-lane highways[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(3):113-117.(in Chinese)
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市道路路线设计规范:CJJ 193-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,People′s Republic of China.Code for Design of Urban Road Alignment:CJJ 193-2012[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[17]中华人民共和国交通部.公路路线设计规范:JTGD20-2017[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2017.Ministry of Transport,People′s Republic of China.Design specification for highway alignment:JTG D20-2017[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2017.(in Chinese)
[18]胡正云,王灿.山区公路弯道路段汽车最小轨迹半径分布特性[J].汽车工程学报,2018,8(1):39-43.HU Zhenyun,WANG Can.Distribution characteristics of minimum driving radius in curved sections of mountain roads[J].Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering,2018,8(1):39-43.(in Chinese)
[19]彭其渊,徐进,罗庆,等.公路平曲线参数对车辆轨迹和速度的影响规律[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):45-50.PENG Qiyuan,XU Jin,LUO Qing,et al.Effect of horizontal curves design on track and speed of passenger car[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[20]REN Yuanyuan,LI Xiansheng,REN You,et al.Study on driving dangerous area in road curved section based on vehicle track characteristics[J].International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems,2011,4(6):1237-1245.
[21]HALLMARK S L.Relationship between speed and lateral position on curves:MTC Project2009-03[R].Iowa:Midwest Transportation Consortium,2012.
[22]COLONNA P,INTINI P,BERLOCO N,et al.Repeated measurements of lateral position and speed at horizontal curves on a very low-volume rural road[C].Transportation Research Board2016Annual Meeting,Washington,D.C.:Transportation Research Board,2016.
[23]杨俊儒,褚端峰,王维锋,等.弯道安全车速建模及影响因素分析[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(6):1-8.YANG Junru,CHU Duanfeng,WANG Weifeng,et al.A Modeling and Factor Analysis of Safe Speed on Curve Segments[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2018,36(6):1-8.(in Chinese)
[24]ZHOU H,WANG J H,HUANG H,et al.Comparative study of the operating characteristics between cars and trucks on freeway loops:An empirical study based on drone videos[C].Transportation Research Board 2019Annual Meeting,Washington,D.C.:Transportation Research Board,2019.