基于DEA-Tobit的长江中上游集装箱港口运营效率研究
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摘要
采用DEA-Tobit两阶段法研究长江中上游集装箱港口运营效率,并分析影响集装箱港口运营效率的因素.研究表明,2014年长江中上游10个内河集装箱港口总技术效率均值较低,主要原因是低规模效率.宜宾港、泸州港、寸滩港和岳阳港的规模效率值高于纯技术效率值,而宜昌港、长沙港和南昌港的纯技术效率值则高于规模效率值.得益于地理位置优越性,武汉港和荆州港的效率值均达到DEA有效.内部因素中集装箱吞吐量对集装箱港口运营效率贡献较大,投入因素影响较小.外部经济环境因素对集装箱港口运营效率的显著性水平不同,其中地区进出口总额对集装箱港口运营效率影响最大.
This paper aims to evaluate operational efficiency of container ports in the Yangtze river based on the two-stage DEA-Tobit,and explore the factors that affect the operational efficiency of container ports.The results show that the average total technical efficiency of 10 inland container ports on the Yangtze river is low in 2014 because of the low scale efficiency.The scale efficiency of Yibin,Luzhou port,Cuntan sport and Yueyang port is higher than the pure technical efficiency.While,the pure technical efficiency of Yichang,Changsha and Nanchang port is better than the scale efficiency.The efficiency of Wuhan's port and Jingzhou port of Hubei province reaches DEA efficient benefiting from the advantages of geographic location.The container throughput has more effect than the input factors on operation efficiency for the internal factors.The external economic environment factors have different impact on the efficiency of container ports.Of which,the regional total import and export has the biggest influence on the operational efficiency.
This paper aims to evaluate operational efficiency of container ports in the Yangtze river based on the two-stage DEA-Tobit,and explore the factors that affect the operational efficiency of container ports.The results show that the average total technical efficiency of 10 inland container ports on the Yangtze river is low in 2014 because of the low scale efficiency.The scale efficiency of Yibin,Luzhou port,Cuntan sport and Yueyang port is higher than the pure technical efficiency.While,the pure technical efficiency of Yichang,Changsha and Nanchang port is better than the scale efficiency.The efficiency of Wuhan's port and Jingzhou port of Hubei province reaches DEA efficient benefiting from the advantages of geographic location.The container throughput has more effect than the input factors on operation efficiency for the internal factors.The external economic environment factors have different impact on the efficiency of container ports.Of which,the regional total import and export has the biggest influence on the operational efficiency.
引文
[1]金汉信,彭纪生,霍焱.基于超效率CCR-DEA的韩国贸易港口技术效率研究[J].华东经济管理,2009,23(9):151-155.
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[14]罗俊浩,崔娥英,季建华.基于DEA-TOBIT两阶段法的集装箱港口效率及效率影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2013(5):236-239.
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[16]Wanke P F,Barros C P.Public-private partnerships and scale efficiency in Brazilian ports:Evidence from two-stage DEA analysis[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2015,51(1):13-22.
[17]Oliveira G F D,Cariou P.The impact of competition on container port(in)efficiency[J].Transportation Research Part A,2015,78:124-133.
[18]王燕,吴蒙.我国港口上市公司效率研究-基于两阶段网络数据包络分析模型[J].中国流通经济,2016,30(5):53-61.
[19]Cullinane K,Wang T F,Song D W,Ji P.The technical efficiency of container ports:Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis[J].Transportation Research Part A,2006,40(4):354-374.
[20]Odeck J,Brathen S.A meta-analysis of DEA and SFA studies of the technical efficiency of seaports:A comparison of fixed and random-effects regression models[J].Transportation Research Part A,2012,46(10):1574-1585.
[21]钟祖昌.考虑环境效应和随机误差的中国港口技术效率分析-基于三阶段DEA模型的测度[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(2):93-98.
[22]沈金生,郁威.环渤海地区主要港口经济效率研究[J].华东经济管理,2014,28(10):72-76.
[23]李丹,栾维新,片峰.中国沿海集装箱码头企业效率测度及分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(5):10-15.
[24]王玲,毕志雯.基于三阶段DEA模型的我国主要内河港口效率研究[J].产业经济研究,2010(4):40-48.
[25]Coelli T.A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models[J].Operations Research Letters,1998,23(3-5):143-149.
[2]王健,梁红艳.基于三阶段DEA模型的我国主要上市港口企业X-效率研究[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012(3):19-26.
[3]Tongzon J.Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and Other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis[J].Transportation research A,2001,35(2):107-122.
[4]Hung S W,Lu W M,Wang T P.Benchmarking the operating efficiency of Asia container ports[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010,203(3):706-713.
[5]杨华龙,任超,王清斌,蔡丹.基于数据包络分析的集装箱港口绩效评价[J].大连海事大学学报,2005,31(1):51-54.
[6]吉阿兵,朱道立·基于极效率DEA模型的港口绩效评价[J].系统工程,2005,23(4):119-122.
[7]庄茜,李绍武.改进DEA在港口效率评价中的应用[J].天津城市建设学院学报,2008,14(2):102-105.
[8]张小蒂,邓娟·中国港口效率测度及提升研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013,43(4):39-51.
[9]Wu Y C J,Goh M.Container port efficiency in emerging and more advanced markets[J].,Transportation Research Part E,2010,46(6):1030-1042.
[10]罗俊浩,崔娥英,季建华.考虑CO_2排放的中国八大集装箱港口环境效率评价研究-基于SBM-DEA模型[J].科技管理研究,2014(21):66-69.
[11]匡海波.基于超效率CCR-DEA的中国港口上市公司成本效率评价研究[J].中国管理科学,2007,15(3):142-148.
[12]孙柯洋,赵一飞.基于因子分析和SE-DEA的港口上市公司经营效率评价[J].上海海事大学学报,2010,31(1):67-71.
[13]Cheon S H,Dowall E D,Song D W.Evaluating impacts of institutional reforms on port efficiency changes:Ownership,corporate structure,and total factor productivity changes of world container ports[J].Transportation Research Part E,2010,46(4):546-561.
[14]罗俊浩,崔娥英,季建华.基于DEA-TOBIT两阶段法的集装箱港口效率及效率影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2013(5):236-239.
[15]Yuen A C,Zhang A,Cheung W.Foreign participation and competition:A way to improve the container port efficiency in China[J].Transportation Research Part A,2013,49:220-231.
[16]Wanke P F,Barros C P.Public-private partnerships and scale efficiency in Brazilian ports:Evidence from two-stage DEA analysis[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2015,51(1):13-22.
[17]Oliveira G F D,Cariou P.The impact of competition on container port(in)efficiency[J].Transportation Research Part A,2015,78:124-133.
[18]王燕,吴蒙.我国港口上市公司效率研究-基于两阶段网络数据包络分析模型[J].中国流通经济,2016,30(5):53-61.
[19]Cullinane K,Wang T F,Song D W,Ji P.The technical efficiency of container ports:Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis[J].Transportation Research Part A,2006,40(4):354-374.
[20]Odeck J,Brathen S.A meta-analysis of DEA and SFA studies of the technical efficiency of seaports:A comparison of fixed and random-effects regression models[J].Transportation Research Part A,2012,46(10):1574-1585.
[21]钟祖昌.考虑环境效应和随机误差的中国港口技术效率分析-基于三阶段DEA模型的测度[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(2):93-98.
[22]沈金生,郁威.环渤海地区主要港口经济效率研究[J].华东经济管理,2014,28(10):72-76.
[23]李丹,栾维新,片峰.中国沿海集装箱码头企业效率测度及分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(5):10-15.
[24]王玲,毕志雯.基于三阶段DEA模型的我国主要内河港口效率研究[J].产业经济研究,2010(4):40-48.
[25]Coelli T.A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models[J].Operations Research Letters,1998,23(3-5):143-149.