施工及运营期矿山法隧道渗流模型试验系统的研制及应用
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摘要
为探索隧道防排水体系与地下渗流场之间的关系,研制了施工及运营期矿山法隧道渗流模型试验系统,其整体尺寸为3 m(宽)×3 m(高)×2 m(厚),包括渗流模型箱、加固区模拟装置、排(涌)水量采集装置、移动式循环水箱装置和数据采集装置。该试验系统能够方便、准确地测试矿山法隧道施工及运营阶段的水压力、排(涌)水量和渗流场变化,并可根据试验需求对不同水头作用下的围岩、注浆圈、掌子面预注浆区域和初衬等进行配置和更换,最大限度地还原隧道及其周边渗流场状态。依托实际工程,采用该渗流模型试验系统和以控制渗透系数为基础的围岩-支护体系相似材料开展了不同注浆圈渗透系数下的渗流模型试验研究。结果表明:随着注浆圈渗透系数减小,渗流速度减慢,渗流时间大幅增加;运营期隧道二衬和注浆圈背后的特征点水压分布规律相似,注浆圈渗透系数越小其分担水压的效果越明显;对于非扰动开挖状态下隧道拱顶的特征点,开挖区靠近掌子面时其水压力值呈快速减小的趋势,但仍有动水压的作用,注浆圈渗透系数的改变对掌子面前方围岩中的渗流影响有限;对于非扰动开挖状态下隧道拱底的特征点,不同注浆圈渗透系数下,开挖区各测点的离散性较大,随注浆圈渗透系数增大,初衬背后的水压力值逐渐增加,而注浆圈背后的水压力值呈下降的趋势。
In order to explore the relationship between the waterproof and drainage system of tunnel and the underground seepage field,a seepage model test system of mined tunnel for construction and operation period was developed,including a seepage model box,a simulationdevice of reinforced area,a collecting device of water discharge,a mobile circulating water tank and a data acquisition device.The length,height and width of model test system were 3m,3m and 2mrespectively.It was convenient and accurate to test the water pressure,water discharge and seepage field changes of mined tunnel during construction and operation period.For different test requirements,this system can be feasible to change and configure surrounding rock,grouting circle,pre-grouting area on tunnel face and initial lining under different water heads and the real state of tunnel as well as its surrounding seepage field should be restored as much as possible.Based on the actual engineering,the seepage model test system,along with the new type of simulation material of surrounding rock-support system in view of controlling permeability coefficient,was applied to carry out seepage model tests under different permeability coefficients of grouting circles.The results show that with the decrease of permeability coefficient of the grouting circle,the seepage velocity slows down but the seepage time increases dramatically.The water pressure distribution laws of characteristic points behind the secondary lining and the grouting circle are similar during the operation period.The smaller the permeability coefficient of the grouting circle is,the more obvious the effect of bearing water pressure can be.For characteristic points of the vault of tunnel under the condition of non-disturbed excavation,the water pressure decreases rapidly when the excavation area closes to the tunnel face,but there is the effect of dynamic water pressure.The change of permeability coefficient of grouting circle has limited effect on seepage in the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face.For the characteristic points of the arch bottom of tunnel in the non-disturbed excavation,the dispersion of each measurement point is large under different permeability coefficients of grouting circles.With the increase of permeability coefficients of the grouting circle,the water pressure behind the initial lining gradually increases but the water pressure value behind the grouting circle is in a downward trend.
In order to explore the relationship between the waterproof and drainage system of tunnel and the underground seepage field,a seepage model test system of mined tunnel for construction and operation period was developed,including a seepage model box,a simulationdevice of reinforced area,a collecting device of water discharge,a mobile circulating water tank and a data acquisition device.The length,height and width of model test system were 3m,3m and 2mrespectively.It was convenient and accurate to test the water pressure,water discharge and seepage field changes of mined tunnel during construction and operation period.For different test requirements,this system can be feasible to change and configure surrounding rock,grouting circle,pre-grouting area on tunnel face and initial lining under different water heads and the real state of tunnel as well as its surrounding seepage field should be restored as much as possible.Based on the actual engineering,the seepage model test system,along with the new type of simulation material of surrounding rock-support system in view of controlling permeability coefficient,was applied to carry out seepage model tests under different permeability coefficients of grouting circles.The results show that with the decrease of permeability coefficient of the grouting circle,the seepage velocity slows down but the seepage time increases dramatically.The water pressure distribution laws of characteristic points behind the secondary lining and the grouting circle are similar during the operation period.The smaller the permeability coefficient of the grouting circle is,the more obvious the effect of bearing water pressure can be.For characteristic points of the vault of tunnel under the condition of non-disturbed excavation,the water pressure decreases rapidly when the excavation area closes to the tunnel face,but there is the effect of dynamic water pressure.The change of permeability coefficient of grouting circle has limited effect on seepage in the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face.For the characteristic points of the arch bottom of tunnel in the non-disturbed excavation,the dispersion of each measurement point is large under different permeability coefficients of grouting circles.With the increase of permeability coefficients of the grouting circle,the water pressure behind the initial lining gradually increases but the water pressure value behind the grouting circle is in a downward trend.
引文
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[12]王秀英,谭忠盛.水下隧道复合式衬砌水压特征研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(1):89-97.WANG Xiu-ying,TAN Zhong-sheng.Study on the Characteristics of Water Pressure on the Composite Lining in Underwater Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(1):89-97.
[13]卓越.钻爆法浅埋水下隧道防排水理论及应用研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.ZHUO Yue.Research on Theory and Application of Waterproof and Drainage System of Shallow Tunnels with Drilling and Blasting Method[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2013.
[14]王育奎,徐帮树,李术才,等.海底隧道涌水量模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(9):1477-1482.WANG Yu-kui,XU Bang-shu,LI Shu-cai,et al.Laboratory Model Tests on Water Flow Rate of Submarine Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(9):1477-1482.
[15]WANG Xiu-ying,TAN Zhong-sheng,WANG Mengshu,et al.Theoretical and Experimental Study of External Water Pressure on Tunnel Lining in Controlles Drainage Under High Water Level[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23:552-560.
[16]张杰,侯忠杰.固-液耦合试验材料的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3157-3161.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhong-jie.Experimental Study on Simulation Materials for Solid-liquid Coupling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3157-3161.
[17]李术才,周毅,李利平,等.地下工程流-固耦合模型试验新型相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1128-1137.LI Shu-cai,ZHOU Yi,LI Li-ping,et al.Development and Application of a New Similar Material for Underground Engineering Fluid-solid Coupling Model Test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1128-1137.
[2]《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国隧道工程学术研究综述·2015[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(5):1-65.Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport.Review on China’s Tunnel Engineering Research:2015[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2015,28(5):1-65.
[3]李铮,何川,丁建军,等.矿山法城市隧道运营期排水量与水压力关系的一种预判方法[J].工程力学,2017,34(1):14-21.LI Zheng,HE Chuan,DING Jian-jun,et al.A Method to Predict the Relationship Between Water Discharge and Pressure During Operational Period of City Tunnels Constructed Using the Mining Method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(1):14-21.
[4]谭忠盛,李志宏,周振梁,等.临海大断面隧道结构防水系统试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(12):109-115.TAN Zhong-sheng,LI Zhi-hong,ZHOU Zhen-liang,et al.Experiment Study on Waterproofing System of Large Section Near Sea Tunnel[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(12):109-115.
[5]李术才,赵岩,徐帮树,等.海底隧道涌水量数值计算的渗透系数确定方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1497-1512.LI Shu-cai,ZHAO Yan,XU Bang-shu,et al.Study of Determining Permeability Coefficient in Water Inrush Numerical Calculation of Subsea Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1497-1512.
[6]刘爱华,彭述权,李夕兵,等.深部开采承压突水机制相似物理模型试验系统研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1335-1341.LIU Ai-hua,PENG Shu-quan,LI Xi-bing,et al.Development and Application of Similar Physical Model Experiment System for Water Inrush Mechanism in Deep Mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1335-1341.
[7]何川,张建刚,杨征.层状复合地层条件下管片衬砌结构力学特征模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(10):1537-1543.HE Chuan,ZHANG Jian-gang,YANG Zheng.Model Tests on Mechanical Characteristics of Segment Lining Structure Under Multi-layered Strata[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(10):1537-1543.
[8]谭忠盛,曾超,李健,等.海底隧道支护结构受力特征的模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(11):99-105.TAN Zhong-sheng,ZENG Chao,LI Jian,et al.Model Test Investigation on the Mechanical Characteristics of Support Structure of Subsea Tunnels[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(11):99-105.
[9]高新强,仇文革,孔超.高水压隧道修建过程中渗流场变化规律试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(1):50-58.GAO Xin-qiang,QIU Wen-ge,KONG Chao.Test Study on the Variation Law of Seepage Field During the Construction Process of High Water Pressure Tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(1):50-58.
[10]李术才,宋曙光,李利平,等.海底隧道流固耦合模型试验系统的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):883-890.LI Shu-cai,SONG Shu-guang,LI Li-ping,et al.Development on Subsea Tunnel Model Test System for Solid-fluid Coupling and Its Application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):883-890.
[11]张成平,张顶立,王梦恕,等.高水压富水区隧道限排衬砌注浆圈合理参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2270-2276.ZHANG Cheng-ping,ZHANG Ding-li,WANG Mengshu,et al.Study on Appropriate Parameters of Grouting Circle for Tunnels with Limiting Discharge Lining in High Water Pressure and Water-enriched Region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(11):2270-2276.
[12]王秀英,谭忠盛.水下隧道复合式衬砌水压特征研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(1):89-97.WANG Xiu-ying,TAN Zhong-sheng.Study on the Characteristics of Water Pressure on the Composite Lining in Underwater Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(1):89-97.
[13]卓越.钻爆法浅埋水下隧道防排水理论及应用研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.ZHUO Yue.Research on Theory and Application of Waterproof and Drainage System of Shallow Tunnels with Drilling and Blasting Method[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2013.
[14]王育奎,徐帮树,李术才,等.海底隧道涌水量模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(9):1477-1482.WANG Yu-kui,XU Bang-shu,LI Shu-cai,et al.Laboratory Model Tests on Water Flow Rate of Submarine Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(9):1477-1482.
[15]WANG Xiu-ying,TAN Zhong-sheng,WANG Mengshu,et al.Theoretical and Experimental Study of External Water Pressure on Tunnel Lining in Controlles Drainage Under High Water Level[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23:552-560.
[16]张杰,侯忠杰.固-液耦合试验材料的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3157-3161.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhong-jie.Experimental Study on Simulation Materials for Solid-liquid Coupling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3157-3161.
[17]李术才,周毅,李利平,等.地下工程流-固耦合模型试验新型相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1128-1137.LI Shu-cai,ZHOU Yi,LI Li-ping,et al.Development and Application of a New Similar Material for Underground Engineering Fluid-solid Coupling Model Test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1128-1137.