浅埋煤层沟谷径流下开采顶板突水预测分析
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摘要
为了准确预测浅埋煤层沟谷径流下开采顶板突水灾害,基于多元素拟合公式及有限元差分软件FLAC3D应力-渗流耦合系统,进行了突水判别分析与仿真模拟预测。拟合公式计算表明,在该地质条件及地形条件下会发生顶板突水事故。FLAC3D数值模拟分析表明,当工作面在过沟谷前属于安全开采地带,当工作面推进至沟谷下方时,导水裂隙与沟谷贯通,会造成严重的顶板突水事故,但在随后的开采中,其隔水层的隔水性具有周期性"破坏-恢复"特点;当工作面完全通过沟谷,隔水土层的隔水性完全恢复,并结合隔水层的采动破坏-恢复规律提出了沟谷下留设煤柱的防突水开采措施。研究成果证明理论判别计算结合FLAC3D的应力-渗流耦合系统能够较真实地反映沟谷径流下的采动渗流耦合破坏过程,可进行定性和定量地突水预测。
In order to accurately predict the roof water-inrush disaster in shallow coal seam with surface valley runoff, based on the multi-element fitting formulas and the stress and fluid flow coupled system module of finite difference software FLAC~(3D), this paper provides analyses of water-inrush identification and a simulation modelling prediction work. The fitting formulas show that, under the condition of such geology and topography, the roof water-inrush disaster could easily happen. The FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation analysis indicates that the mining is safe before the working face passing valley area; When it advances to the location below the valley, the connection of fissure zone and valley would lead to a serious roof water-inrush disaster, but the water-resisting property of aquifer shows a weekly "damage-recovery" period in the subsequent mining; When the entire working face pass the valley, the water-resisting property of aquifer is fully recovered. Hence, following the mining damage-recovery law of aquifer, the mitigation measure of water-inrush prevention by setting coal pillar under valley is proposed. The results prove that the theoretical identification using stress and fluid flow coupled system in FLAC~(3D) can truly reflect the development of cracking process of mining seepage, which could qualitative and quantitative predict the water-inrush.
In order to accurately predict the roof water-inrush disaster in shallow coal seam with surface valley runoff, based on the multi-element fitting formulas and the stress and fluid flow coupled system module of finite difference software FLAC~(3D), this paper provides analyses of water-inrush identification and a simulation modelling prediction work. The fitting formulas show that, under the condition of such geology and topography, the roof water-inrush disaster could easily happen. The FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation analysis indicates that the mining is safe before the working face passing valley area; When it advances to the location below the valley, the connection of fissure zone and valley would lead to a serious roof water-inrush disaster, but the water-resisting property of aquifer shows a weekly "damage-recovery" period in the subsequent mining; When the entire working face pass the valley, the water-resisting property of aquifer is fully recovered. Hence, following the mining damage-recovery law of aquifer, the mitigation measure of water-inrush prevention by setting coal pillar under valley is proposed. The results prove that the theoretical identification using stress and fluid flow coupled system in FLAC~(3D) can truly reflect the development of cracking process of mining seepage, which could qualitative and quantitative predict the water-inrush.
引文
[1]王旭锋.冲沟发育矿区浅埋煤层采动坡体活动机理及其控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[2]张志强,许家林,王露,等.沟谷坡角对浅埋煤层工作面矿压影响的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):560-565.ZHANG Zhiqiang,XU Jialin,WANG Lu,et al.Influencing laws study of gully slope angle on dynamic strata pressure of working face in shallow coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):560-565.
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[4]王旭锋,张东升,卢鑫,等.浅埋煤层沙土质冲沟坡体下开采矿压显现特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(6):18-22.WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,LU Xin,et al.Strata behavior features of shallow depth thin seam mining under sand-soil gully slope[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(6):18-22.
[5]张杰.采场覆岩破坏流固耦合的数值模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):313-317.ZHANG Jie.Numerical simulation of liquid-solid coupling of overburden failure in mining stope[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):313-317.
[6]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振.松散承压含水层下采煤突水机理与防治研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):333-339.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen.Study on water-inrush mechanism and prevention during coal mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):333-339.
[7]孙文斌,张士川.深部采动底板突水模拟试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):3274-3280.SUN Wenbin,ZHANG Shichuan.Development of floor water invasion of mining influence simulation testing system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 1):3274-3280.
[8]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.YANG Tianhong,TANG Chunan,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.
[9]马立强,张东升,缪协兴,等.FLAC3D模拟采动岩体渗流规律[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(3):1-5.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Numerical simulation of seepage regularities with FLAC3D in the overlying strata in mining rockmass[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology,2006,21(3):1-5.
[10]张杰,侯忠杰.榆树湾浅埋煤层保水开采三带发展规律研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(4):10-13.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhongjie.Study on three strap in water resources preservation in Yushuwan shallow seam mining[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology,2006,21(4):10-13.
[11]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[12]胡小娟,李文平,曹丁涛,等.综采导水裂隙带多因素影响指标研究与高度预计[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):613-620.HU Xiaojuan,LI Wenping,CAO Dingtao,et al.Index of multiple factors and expected height of fully mechanized water flowing fractured zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):613-620.
[13]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.SUI Wanghua,DONG Qinghong.Variation of pore water pressure and its precursor significance for quicksand disasters due to mining near unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[14]荣传新,程桦.地下水渗流对巷道围岩稳定性影响的理论解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):741-744.RONG Chuanxin,CHENG Hua.Stability analysis of rocks around tunnel with ground water permeation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):741-744.
[15]张杰,杨涛,田云鹏,等.采动及渗流作用下隔水土层破坏规律研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):219-224.ZHANG Jie,YANG Tao,TIAN Yunpeng,et al.Experimental test for destruction law of aquiclude under action of mining and seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):219-224.
[2]张志强,许家林,王露,等.沟谷坡角对浅埋煤层工作面矿压影响的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):560-565.ZHANG Zhiqiang,XU Jialin,WANG Lu,et al.Influencing laws study of gully slope angle on dynamic strata pressure of working face in shallow coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):560-565.
[3]张杰,侯忠杰.厚土层浅埋煤层覆岩运动破坏规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):56-59.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhongjie.Failure rule of overburden movement in shallowly buried coal seam covered with thick soils[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):56-59.
[4]王旭锋,张东升,卢鑫,等.浅埋煤层沙土质冲沟坡体下开采矿压显现特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(6):18-22.WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,LU Xin,et al.Strata behavior features of shallow depth thin seam mining under sand-soil gully slope[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(6):18-22.
[5]张杰.采场覆岩破坏流固耦合的数值模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):313-317.ZHANG Jie.Numerical simulation of liquid-solid coupling of overburden failure in mining stope[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):313-317.
[6]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振.松散承压含水层下采煤突水机理与防治研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):333-339.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen.Study on water-inrush mechanism and prevention during coal mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):333-339.
[7]孙文斌,张士川.深部采动底板突水模拟试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):3274-3280.SUN Wenbin,ZHANG Shichuan.Development of floor water invasion of mining influence simulation testing system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 1):3274-3280.
[8]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.YANG Tianhong,TANG Chunan,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.
[9]马立强,张东升,缪协兴,等.FLAC3D模拟采动岩体渗流规律[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(3):1-5.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Numerical simulation of seepage regularities with FLAC3D in the overlying strata in mining rockmass[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology,2006,21(3):1-5.
[10]张杰,侯忠杰.榆树湾浅埋煤层保水开采三带发展规律研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(4):10-13.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhongjie.Study on three strap in water resources preservation in Yushuwan shallow seam mining[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology,2006,21(4):10-13.
[11]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[12]胡小娟,李文平,曹丁涛,等.综采导水裂隙带多因素影响指标研究与高度预计[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):613-620.HU Xiaojuan,LI Wenping,CAO Dingtao,et al.Index of multiple factors and expected height of fully mechanized water flowing fractured zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):613-620.
[13]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.SUI Wanghua,DONG Qinghong.Variation of pore water pressure and its precursor significance for quicksand disasters due to mining near unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[14]荣传新,程桦.地下水渗流对巷道围岩稳定性影响的理论解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):741-744.RONG Chuanxin,CHENG Hua.Stability analysis of rocks around tunnel with ground water permeation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):741-744.
[15]张杰,杨涛,田云鹏,等.采动及渗流作用下隔水土层破坏规律研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):219-224.ZHANG Jie,YANG Tao,TIAN Yunpeng,et al.Experimental test for destruction law of aquiclude under action of mining and seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):219-224.