垃圾渗滤液处理中CH_4的释放规律及影响因素研究:以生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例
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摘要
为探讨垃圾渗滤液处理过程中CH_4的释放规律,该研究以某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理站为对象,通过现场采样监测和实验室分析,研究了该站渗滤液处理各单元CH_4的液面释放通量、溶解态浓度、年释放总量、释放系数以及释放影响因素。结果发现,该站CH_4的最大释放源是厌氧池,占比约96.8%;好氧池中CH_4气体的释放通量和溶解氧的浓度呈显著相关;调节池CH_4气体释放通量和水温呈显著相关;但溶解氧、水温、pH值、亚硝态氮和硝态氮浓度不是影响该站CH_4释放总量的主要因素;该站CH_4的年人均释放系数是872.604~1 387.858 g/a,CH_4的污水流量释放系数是9.467~15.057 g/L,二者均远远大于IPCC报告中关于生活污水的对应值。该研究对完善中国温室气体排放的基础数据、促进垃圾渗滤液处理的节能减排和清洁发展机制(CDM)项目开发,都具有重要的工程实践意义和社会意义。
In order to find the release rule of CH_4 during waste leachate treatment process, the discharge flux, disolved concentration, total release amount per year, discharge coefficient and influence factors in a leachate treatment plant are studied by in-site monitoring and laboratory analysis. The results show that CH_4 originates mainly from anaerobic tank with percentage of 96.8%. The release flux of CH_4 in aerobic tank correlates significantly with the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and that of CH_4 in regulating tank correlates with water temperature significantly, while pH value, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of nitrate and nitrite are not the main factors influenced the cumulative release amount of CH_4. The average release coefficient per capita and discharge coefficient of CH_4 are detected to be 872.604~1 387.858 g/(person·a) and 9.467~15.057 g/L respectively, which are both higher than those of report produced by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).Therefore, this research is practical and social significant to provide basic data of greenhouse gas emission and promote energy saving, emission reduction as well as the clean development mechanism(CDM) project exploitation.
In order to find the release rule of CH_4 during waste leachate treatment process, the discharge flux, disolved concentration, total release amount per year, discharge coefficient and influence factors in a leachate treatment plant are studied by in-site monitoring and laboratory analysis. The results show that CH_4 originates mainly from anaerobic tank with percentage of 96.8%. The release flux of CH_4 in aerobic tank correlates significantly with the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and that of CH_4 in regulating tank correlates with water temperature significantly, while pH value, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of nitrate and nitrite are not the main factors influenced the cumulative release amount of CH_4. The average release coefficient per capita and discharge coefficient of CH_4 are detected to be 872.604~1 387.858 g/(person·a) and 9.467~15.057 g/L respectively, which are both higher than those of report produced by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).Therefore, this research is practical and social significant to provide basic data of greenhouse gas emission and promote energy saving, emission reduction as well as the clean development mechanism(CDM) project exploitation.
引文
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[20]Banihani Q,Sierra Alvarez R,Field J A.Nitrate and nitrite inhibition of methanogenesis during denitrification in granular biofilms and digested domestic sludges[J].Biodegradation,2009,20(6):801-812.
[2]曲建升.中国欠发达地区温室气体排放特征与对策:基于甘肃省温室气体排放评估与情景分析的案例研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[3]Keller J,Hartley K.Greenhouse gas production in wastewater treatment-process selection is the major factor[J].Water Science and Technology,2003,47(12):43–48.
[4]Cakir F Y,Stenstrom M K.Greenhouse gas production:a comparison between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment technology[J].Water Research,2005,39(17):4197–4203.
[5]柳岩.城市污水处理厂污水处理过程中CH4排放规律研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.Liu Yan.CH4Emission Characteristics of Wastewater Treatment Processes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2013.
[6]Hanaki K,Zheng H,Matsuo T.Production of nitrous oxide gas during denitrification of wastewater[J].Water Science and Technology,1992,26(526):1027-1036.
[7]Zheng H,Hanaki K,Matsuo T.Production of nitrous oxide gas during nitrification of wastewater[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,30(6):133-141.
[8]王超.渗滤液回灌温室气体排放控制及脱氮优化研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.Wang Chao.Studies on Greenhouse Gases Control and Total Nitrogen Removal of Leachate Recirculation[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2014.
[9]冯凯.生活垃圾填埋场温室气体(CH4和CO2)的释放规律及控制方法的研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2013.Feng Kai.Effects of Greenhouse(CH4and CO2)Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills and the Research of Control Methods[D].Suzhou:Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2013.
[10]李海玲.我国典型城市生活垃圾填埋场温室气体甲烷排放特征研究:以北京市某大型生活垃圾填埋场为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.Li Hailing.Study on the Greenhouse Gas Methane Emission Characteristic in the Typical MSW Landfill in China:a Large MSW Landfill Site in Beijing as an Example[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.
[11]何品晶,陈淼,杨娜,等.我国:上海某城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(3):402–407.He Pinjing,Chen Miao,Yang Na,et al.GHG emission from Chinese MSW incineration and their influencing factors:case study of a MSW incineration plant in Shanghai[J].China Environmental Sceince,2011,31(3):402-407.
[12]李卫华,孙英杰,刘子梁,等.盐度对准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应器渗滤液处理及N2O产生的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):775–781.Li Weihua,Sun Yingjie,Liu Ziliang,et al.Impact of salinity on leachate treatment and N2O release from semi-aerobic aged-refuse bioreactor[J].Environmental Sceince,2016,37(2):775-781.
[13]Rodriguez Caballero A,Aymerich I,Poch M,et al.Evaluation of process conditions triggering emissions of greenhouse gases from a biological wastewater treatment system[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,493(15):384-391.
[14]Panepinto D,Fiore S,Genon G,et al.Thermal valorization of sewer sludge:perspectives for large wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,137(20):1323-1329.
[15]O'Shea R,Wall D M,Mc Donagh S,et al.The potential of power to gas to provide green gas utilising existing CO2sources from industries,distilleries and wastewater treatment facilities[J].Renewable Energy,2017,114(Part B):1090-1100.
[16]李莎.城市污水四种典型处理工艺N2O排放特征的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.Li Sha.Study on N2O Emission Characteristics in Four Typical Urban Wastewater Treatment Processes[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012.
[17]Tsuneda S,Mikamia M,Kimochib Y,et al.Effect of salinity on nitrous oxide emission in the biological nitrogen removal process for industrial wastewater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,119(1/2/3):93-98.
[18]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第四版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[19]Gerardi M H.Wastewater Bacteria[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2006.
[20]Banihani Q,Sierra Alvarez R,Field J A.Nitrate and nitrite inhibition of methanogenesis during denitrification in granular biofilms and digested domestic sludges[J].Biodegradation,2009,20(6):801-812.