冻融法处理垃圾渗滤液初探
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摘要
利用冻融法处理垃圾渗滤液,研究冷冻温度、稀释倍数及种冰量对冷冻、融化阶段渗滤液电导率和COD的影响,并对两个阶段污染物的变化规律进行对比分析。结果表明:冷冻阶段:在-6,-13,-20,-26℃4组冷冻温度中,-13℃为渗滤液的最佳冷冻温度,此温度下渗滤液电导率和COD的下降效果最明显;渗滤液稀释倍数对冷冻阶段电导率和COD的变化无明显影响;不同种冰量的结果表明,冰晶不分离更有利于后续产生高纯度的冰晶。融化阶段:将渗滤液原水-13℃下完全冷冻后进行融化,发现电导率和COD浓度均呈指数形式下降,6 h后电导率和COD的分配系数均降到0.04。对冷冻、融化阶段渗滤液中污染物浓度变化规律进行对比分析,发现经冻融法处理后,垃圾渗滤液中电导率和COD浓度均显著下降,且融化阶段的处理效果好于冷冻阶段。因此,冻融法作为一种减量化处理方法在渗滤液预处理领域具有广阔的应用潜力。
In the study, landfill leachate was treated by freeze-thawing, and the effects of freezing temperature, dilution ratio and amount of ice on leachate conductivity and COD during freezing-thawing stages were investigated. Moreover, the changes of leachate pollutants in these two stages were compared and analyzed. The results showed that among the freezing temperature of-6,-13,-20 and-26 ℃, the treatment efficiency of leachate was better at-13 ℃ than others. Thus,-13 ℃ was considered as the optimal leachate freezing temperature. However, the dilution ratio of leachate had no significant effect on the conductivity and COD during the freezing stage. Studies on the treatment effect of different amounts of ice indicated that keeping the ice crystals in leachate was more beneficial to the subsequent freezing process. During the thawing process, the raw leachate was completely frozen at-13 ℃, then melted at room temperature. We found that the levels of conductivity and COD were exponential declined, and the distribution coefficient of conductivity and COD both dropped to 0.04 after 6 h. By comparing the changes of conductivity and COD in freezing and thawing process, it was found that the treatment effect in thawing stage was better than that in freezing stage. Therefore, as a reduction treatment method, freeze-thawing may have a great application prospect in leachate pretreatment.
In the study, landfill leachate was treated by freeze-thawing, and the effects of freezing temperature, dilution ratio and amount of ice on leachate conductivity and COD during freezing-thawing stages were investigated. Moreover, the changes of leachate pollutants in these two stages were compared and analyzed. The results showed that among the freezing temperature of-6,-13,-20 and-26 ℃, the treatment efficiency of leachate was better at-13 ℃ than others. Thus,-13 ℃ was considered as the optimal leachate freezing temperature. However, the dilution ratio of leachate had no significant effect on the conductivity and COD during the freezing stage. Studies on the treatment effect of different amounts of ice indicated that keeping the ice crystals in leachate was more beneficial to the subsequent freezing process. During the thawing process, the raw leachate was completely frozen at-13 ℃, then melted at room temperature. We found that the levels of conductivity and COD were exponential declined, and the distribution coefficient of conductivity and COD both dropped to 0.04 after 6 h. By comparing the changes of conductivity and COD in freezing and thawing process, it was found that the treatment effect in thawing stage was better than that in freezing stage. Therefore, as a reduction treatment method, freeze-thawing may have a great application prospect in leachate pretreatment.
引文
[1] 刘建国, 刘意立. 我国生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液积累成因及控制对策[J].环境保护, 2017, 20(4):20-23.
[2] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2014-2015.
[3] 徐文龙. 从德国垃圾卫生填埋处理看我国卫生填埋技术对策[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2000, 8(3):134-136.
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[5] 唐凤喜, 曹国凭, 刘景良, 等. 我国垃圾渗滤液处理现状及处理技术进展[J]. 河北联合大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 34(1):116-120.
[6] 宁夏, 魏美娟, 桑楠, 等. 垃圾渗滤液离子交换出水对大麦的毒性[J]. 环境化学, 2016, 35(10):2008-2015.
[7] Li G, Chen J, Wei Y, et al. A comparison of the toxicity of landfill leachate exposure at the seed soaking and germination stages on Zea mays L.(maize)[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 55(5):206-213.
[8] Kyuya Nakagawa, Shohei Maebashi, Koji Maeda. Freeze-thawing as a path to concentrate aqueous solution[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2010, 73: 403-408.
[9] 杨聿航, 曾连荪, 彭彦, 等. 低温结晶法对染料中间体磺化工艺母液的资源化利用[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 42(1):79-84.
[10] 张莹, 张超杰, 周琪. 冷冻法废水处理技术的研究与应用[J]. 水处理技术, 2013, 39(7):6-10.
[11] 徐见. 焦化脱硫废液冷冻浓缩处理的研究[J]. 安徽化工, 2015, 41(3):59-61.
[12] 姜远光, 费学宁, 王晓阳, 等.冷冻分离法处理难降解有机废水的研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2011, 36(4):72-75.
[13] Marino Rodriguez, Susana Luque. A comparative study of reverse osmosis andfreeze concentrationfor the removal of valeric acidfrom wastewaters[J]. Desalination, 2000, 127:1-11.
[14] 秦微, 谢陈鑫, 王震, 等. 盐析-冰冻法预处理高浓度酚醛树脂废水[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(12):7099-7102.
[15] 何小芳. 自然冷冻法处理宁东高盐废水的研究[D]. 银川:宁夏大学, 2012.
[16] 马艳丽. 水溶液冷冻过程中溶质迁移影响因素的研究与分析[D].沈阳: 东北大学, 2013.
[17] 陈梅英. 液态食品冷冻浓缩冰晶生长机制研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2009.
[18] 金秋冬, 张维佳, 黄玉成, 等. 渐进冷冻法处理工业废水的研究[J]. 江苏化工, 2008, 36 (5):39-42.
[19] 郝利娜. 自然冷冻法去除生活污水中污染物的研究[D]. 苏州:苏州科技学院, 2008.
[20] 张岩, 裴国霞, 乔玲敏. 冷冻浓缩在去除黄河水体中重金属元素的研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2014, 40(6): 58-61.
[21] Guillaume Gay, Olivier Lorain, Aza Azouni, et al. Wastewater treatment by radial freezing with stirring effects[J]. Water Reasearch, 2003, 37:2520-2524.
[22] Ryosuke Fujioka, Li Pang Wang, Gjergj Dodbiba. Application of progressive freeze-concentration for desalination[J]. Desalination, 2013, 319: 33-37.
[23] 余海静.自然冷冻法在污水处理中的应用研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2012, 38(3): 107-109.
[24] 郝亚超, 费学宁, 姜远光, 等. 冷冻条件下高氟水氟离子迁移规律研究[J]. 天津城市建设学院学报, 2009, 15(4):276-278.
[25] Gao W, Habib M, Smith D W. Removal of organic contaminants and toxiciy from industrial effluents using freezing processes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 245:108-119.
[26] 郭凯, 张秀梅, 李向军, 等. 不同钠吸附比的咸水结冰融水入渗对苏打碱土的水盐运移影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(4): 94-98.
[27] Gao W, Smith D W, Sego D C. Spray freezing treatment of water from oil sands tailing ponds[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2003, 2:325-334.
[2] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2014-2015.
[3] 徐文龙. 从德国垃圾卫生填埋处理看我国卫生填埋技术对策[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2000, 8(3):134-136.
[4] 张文龙. 山西省生活垃圾处置现状分析及渗滤液回灌技术应用研究[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2015.
[5] 唐凤喜, 曹国凭, 刘景良, 等. 我国垃圾渗滤液处理现状及处理技术进展[J]. 河北联合大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 34(1):116-120.
[6] 宁夏, 魏美娟, 桑楠, 等. 垃圾渗滤液离子交换出水对大麦的毒性[J]. 环境化学, 2016, 35(10):2008-2015.
[7] Li G, Chen J, Wei Y, et al. A comparison of the toxicity of landfill leachate exposure at the seed soaking and germination stages on Zea mays L.(maize)[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 55(5):206-213.
[8] Kyuya Nakagawa, Shohei Maebashi, Koji Maeda. Freeze-thawing as a path to concentrate aqueous solution[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2010, 73: 403-408.
[9] 杨聿航, 曾连荪, 彭彦, 等. 低温结晶法对染料中间体磺化工艺母液的资源化利用[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 42(1):79-84.
[10] 张莹, 张超杰, 周琪. 冷冻法废水处理技术的研究与应用[J]. 水处理技术, 2013, 39(7):6-10.
[11] 徐见. 焦化脱硫废液冷冻浓缩处理的研究[J]. 安徽化工, 2015, 41(3):59-61.
[12] 姜远光, 费学宁, 王晓阳, 等.冷冻分离法处理难降解有机废水的研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2011, 36(4):72-75.
[13] Marino Rodriguez, Susana Luque. A comparative study of reverse osmosis andfreeze concentrationfor the removal of valeric acidfrom wastewaters[J]. Desalination, 2000, 127:1-11.
[14] 秦微, 谢陈鑫, 王震, 等. 盐析-冰冻法预处理高浓度酚醛树脂废水[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(12):7099-7102.
[15] 何小芳. 自然冷冻法处理宁东高盐废水的研究[D]. 银川:宁夏大学, 2012.
[16] 马艳丽. 水溶液冷冻过程中溶质迁移影响因素的研究与分析[D].沈阳: 东北大学, 2013.
[17] 陈梅英. 液态食品冷冻浓缩冰晶生长机制研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2009.
[18] 金秋冬, 张维佳, 黄玉成, 等. 渐进冷冻法处理工业废水的研究[J]. 江苏化工, 2008, 36 (5):39-42.
[19] 郝利娜. 自然冷冻法去除生活污水中污染物的研究[D]. 苏州:苏州科技学院, 2008.
[20] 张岩, 裴国霞, 乔玲敏. 冷冻浓缩在去除黄河水体中重金属元素的研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2014, 40(6): 58-61.
[21] Guillaume Gay, Olivier Lorain, Aza Azouni, et al. Wastewater treatment by radial freezing with stirring effects[J]. Water Reasearch, 2003, 37:2520-2524.
[22] Ryosuke Fujioka, Li Pang Wang, Gjergj Dodbiba. Application of progressive freeze-concentration for desalination[J]. Desalination, 2013, 319: 33-37.
[23] 余海静.自然冷冻法在污水处理中的应用研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2012, 38(3): 107-109.
[24] 郝亚超, 费学宁, 姜远光, 等. 冷冻条件下高氟水氟离子迁移规律研究[J]. 天津城市建设学院学报, 2009, 15(4):276-278.
[25] Gao W, Habib M, Smith D W. Removal of organic contaminants and toxiciy from industrial effluents using freezing processes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 245:108-119.
[26] 郭凯, 张秀梅, 李向军, 等. 不同钠吸附比的咸水结冰融水入渗对苏打碱土的水盐运移影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(4): 94-98.
[27] Gao W, Smith D W, Sego D C. Spray freezing treatment of water from oil sands tailing ponds[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2003, 2:325-334.