相山铀尾矿库周边不同水体中铀分布规律及健康风险评价
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摘要
选取相山某铀尾矿库周边不同水体作为研究对象,通过现场和室内检测,分析周边水体中铀的分布规律、铀质量浓度与水化学参数间的关系,并进行放射性健康风险评价。结果表明,研究区周边水体中铀质量浓度空间分布不均匀,除点P-1铀质量浓度超出国家标准GB 23727—2009《铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护规定》规定值外,其他样品中铀质量浓度均符合标准;不同水体中铀质量浓度差别较大,地下水中铀质量浓度分布较均匀,排放水分布不均匀,地表水介于两者之间。同时,对水温、pH、电导率等参数进行现场测定,得出水体中铀质量浓度与pH值、电导率存在正相关关系,铀和pH值、电导率间的皮尔逊系数分别为0. 803 6和0. 549 8,表明pH值和电导率是影响水体中铀富集的重要因素。健康风险评价表明,通过饮用水途径铀所致的健康危害风险度均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受限值和瑞典环境保护署、荷兰建设和环境署推荐值,表明在研究区饮用水(地表水和地下水)中检测出的铀可能不会对人体健康产生风险。
The present paper is to set its study focus on the different water types around a uranium tailing pond in Xiangshan.The purpose of the paper is to clarify and work out the relationship between the uranium mass concentration and the hydrochemical parameters in the water through the status-in-situ and laboratory tests by tracing the special distribution features of the urani-um pollutants,and,then,to realize the radiological health risk assessment. In our research activities,we have so far collected15 indicative water samples,which are registered by the numerical form from the samples as P-1 to P-15. Due to the restriction of the terrain conditions and the technical levels,the tailing pond and its surrounding areas have been chosen including 6 points from the discharge water,4 ones from the groundwater and 5 ones from the surface water,correspondingly and respectively.At the same time,the uranium mass concentration test has been done by the way of the ICP-MS. The result of the uranium mass concentration helps us to conclude that the spatial distribution of uranium in the water around the study area doesn't seem to be uniform. Rather,almost all the uranium mass concentrations of the samples prove to be up to the expected standards except P-1,which exceeds the recommended value of"the Regulation on the Radiation Protection and Environmental Protection of the Uranium Mining and Metallurgy( GB 23727-2009) ". It has also shown that there may exist various distribution patterns of uranium mass concentrations in the different water types,which implies that the distribution of the uranium mass concentration in the groundwater tends to be uniform,but not in the discharge water. It suggests that such distribution mode of the uranium mass concentration in the surface water stands just in between. In addition,it is also necessary to measure and work out such parameters on-site,as the water temperature,the pH value and the electric conductivity by portable measuring instrument. Thus,it can be made clear that there may lie a positive correlated relation among the above mentioned factors. As a result of study,the Pearson coefficients among the above said 3 factors: the uranium content and,the pH value and the electric conductivity,can be found equal to 0. 803 6 and 0. 549 8,respectively,which implies that the pH value and electric conductivity are the significant factors responsible for affecting the uranium enrichment in the drinking water. The health risk assessment thus proves that the risk of the health hazards likely to be caused by the uranium through drinking water doesn't exceed the maximally acceptable level recommended by the International Commission on the Radiation Protection( ICRP),the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherland Construction and Environment Agency.And,so it wouldn't be possible for the uranium in the drinking water in such a rate( the surface water and groundwater included) to bring about any risk to the health of the local residents.
The present paper is to set its study focus on the different water types around a uranium tailing pond in Xiangshan.The purpose of the paper is to clarify and work out the relationship between the uranium mass concentration and the hydrochemical parameters in the water through the status-in-situ and laboratory tests by tracing the special distribution features of the urani-um pollutants,and,then,to realize the radiological health risk assessment. In our research activities,we have so far collected15 indicative water samples,which are registered by the numerical form from the samples as P-1 to P-15. Due to the restriction of the terrain conditions and the technical levels,the tailing pond and its surrounding areas have been chosen including 6 points from the discharge water,4 ones from the groundwater and 5 ones from the surface water,correspondingly and respectively.At the same time,the uranium mass concentration test has been done by the way of the ICP-MS. The result of the uranium mass concentration helps us to conclude that the spatial distribution of uranium in the water around the study area doesn't seem to be uniform. Rather,almost all the uranium mass concentrations of the samples prove to be up to the expected standards except P-1,which exceeds the recommended value of"the Regulation on the Radiation Protection and Environmental Protection of the Uranium Mining and Metallurgy( GB 23727-2009) ". It has also shown that there may exist various distribution patterns of uranium mass concentrations in the different water types,which implies that the distribution of the uranium mass concentration in the groundwater tends to be uniform,but not in the discharge water. It suggests that such distribution mode of the uranium mass concentration in the surface water stands just in between. In addition,it is also necessary to measure and work out such parameters on-site,as the water temperature,the pH value and the electric conductivity by portable measuring instrument. Thus,it can be made clear that there may lie a positive correlated relation among the above mentioned factors. As a result of study,the Pearson coefficients among the above said 3 factors: the uranium content and,the pH value and the electric conductivity,can be found equal to 0. 803 6 and 0. 549 8,respectively,which implies that the pH value and electric conductivity are the significant factors responsible for affecting the uranium enrichment in the drinking water. The health risk assessment thus proves that the risk of the health hazards likely to be caused by the uranium through drinking water doesn't exceed the maximally acceptable level recommended by the International Commission on the Radiation Protection( ICRP),the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherland Construction and Environment Agency.And,so it wouldn't be possible for the uranium in the drinking water in such a rate( the surface water and groundwater included) to bring about any risk to the health of the local residents.
引文
[1] ZHANG Bin(张彬),FENG Zhigang(冯志刚),MA Qiang(马强),et al. Pollution characteristics and environmental availability of uranium in the soils around a uanium waste rock pile in Guangdong Province,China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2015,24(1):156-162.
[2] NAIR R N,FABY SUNNNY S T. Modelling of decay chain transport in groundwater from uranium tailings ponds[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2010,34:2300-2311.
[3] Guidelines for drinking-water quality:third edition incorporating the first and second addenda. Vol. 1. Recommendations[S]. 4th ed. 2011.
[4] TRIPATHI R M,SAHOO S K,JHA V N,et al. Assessment of environmental radioactivity at uranium mining,processing and tailings management facility at Jaduguda,India[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2008,66:1666-1670.
[5] HARIBALA,HU B,WANG C,et al. Assessment of radioactive materials and heavy metals in the surface soil around uranium mining area of Tongliao,China[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,130:185-192.
[6] HARI Balabala(哈日巴拉),TUO Fei(拓飞),HU Bitao(胡碧涛),et al. Radioactivity and health risk of drinking water around uranium mining area[J]. China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2017,37(9):3583-3590.
[7] LI W B,SALONEN L,MUIKKUM,et al. Internal dose assessment of natural uranium from drinking water based on biokinetic modeling and individual bioassay monitoring:a study of a Finnish family[J]. Health Physics,2006,6:533-543.
[8] ZHEN Liying(甄丽颖),ZHANG Jiajun(张家俊). Totalαand totalβradioactivity level in atmospheric aerosol around Yangjiang nuclear power plant[J]. Nuclear Techniques(核技术),2017,40(8):41-45.
[9] LABIDI S,MAHJOUBI H,ESSAFI F,at al. Natural radioactivity levels in mineral,therapeutic and spring waters in Tunisia[J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2010,79:1196-1202.
[10] SONG Gang(宋刚),FENG Yingsi(冯颖思),WANG Jin(王津). Pollution of uranium contents in water and surface deposit downstream of a uranium tailing repository[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(环境科学与技术),2013,36(9):159-162.
[11] LU Yueping(陆月萍),CHEN Bin(陈彬),CAO Zhonggang(曹钟港). Totalαtotalβradioactivity levels of drinking water around qinshan nuclear power base during 2011-2015[J]. Environment and Development(环境与发展),2018,30(4):166,168
[12] BAI Jianhe(白建和),XU Yuanlu(徐元录). On influence of industarial waste residue to underground water and its treatment in Liaoning province[J]. Liaoning Geology(辽宁地质),1984(3):271-277.
[13] LOTTERMOSER B G,ASHLEY P M. Tailings dam seepage at the rehabilitated Mary Kathleen uranium mine,Australia[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2005,85(3):119-137.
[14] THERESA M K,ADAM C V,MEGAN L L,et al. Investigating uranium distribution in surface sediments and waters:a case study of contamination from the Juniper Uranium Mine, Stanislaus National Forest, CA[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2014, 136:85-97.
[15] LIU Juan(刘娟),LI Hongchun(李红春),WANG Jin(王津),et al. Environmental quality of surface waters in a uranium industrial site in South China[J]. Environmental Chemistry(环境化学), 2012, 31(7):981-989.
[16] XIANG Long(向龙),LIU Pinghui(刘平辉),ZHANG Shumei(张淑梅). Characterisctcs of uranium content in surface water of a uranium mine in Eastern China[J].Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2016,44(4):455-461.
[17] LIANG Xiaojun(梁晓军),SONG Wenlei(宋文磊),LI Jian(李建),et al. Research progress on drinking water radioactivity pollution and its health risk assessment[J]. Occup and Health(职业与健康),2015,31(3):417-419.
[18] GB 23727—2009 Regulations for radiation and environment protection in uranium mining and milling(铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护规定)[S].
[19] EPA 822-s-12-001. 2012 Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories[S].
[20] Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality:summary table, Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau[S]. 2012.
[21] QI Wen(齐文),GAO Bai(高柏),CHEN Jingying(陈井影),et al. Uranium distribution characteristics and evaluation in water environment surrounding uranium tailings[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Extractive Metallurgy(有色金属:冶炼部分),2016,5:53-56.
[22] ZENG Guangming(曾光明), ZHUO Li(卓利),ZHONG Zhenglin(钟政林). Assessment models for water environmental health risk analysis[J]. Advances in Water Science(水科学进展),1998(3):9-14.
[2] NAIR R N,FABY SUNNNY S T. Modelling of decay chain transport in groundwater from uranium tailings ponds[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2010,34:2300-2311.
[3] Guidelines for drinking-water quality:third edition incorporating the first and second addenda. Vol. 1. Recommendations[S]. 4th ed. 2011.
[4] TRIPATHI R M,SAHOO S K,JHA V N,et al. Assessment of environmental radioactivity at uranium mining,processing and tailings management facility at Jaduguda,India[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2008,66:1666-1670.
[5] HARIBALA,HU B,WANG C,et al. Assessment of radioactive materials and heavy metals in the surface soil around uranium mining area of Tongliao,China[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,130:185-192.
[6] HARI Balabala(哈日巴拉),TUO Fei(拓飞),HU Bitao(胡碧涛),et al. Radioactivity and health risk of drinking water around uranium mining area[J]. China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2017,37(9):3583-3590.
[7] LI W B,SALONEN L,MUIKKUM,et al. Internal dose assessment of natural uranium from drinking water based on biokinetic modeling and individual bioassay monitoring:a study of a Finnish family[J]. Health Physics,2006,6:533-543.
[8] ZHEN Liying(甄丽颖),ZHANG Jiajun(张家俊). Totalαand totalβradioactivity level in atmospheric aerosol around Yangjiang nuclear power plant[J]. Nuclear Techniques(核技术),2017,40(8):41-45.
[9] LABIDI S,MAHJOUBI H,ESSAFI F,at al. Natural radioactivity levels in mineral,therapeutic and spring waters in Tunisia[J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2010,79:1196-1202.
[10] SONG Gang(宋刚),FENG Yingsi(冯颖思),WANG Jin(王津). Pollution of uranium contents in water and surface deposit downstream of a uranium tailing repository[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(环境科学与技术),2013,36(9):159-162.
[11] LU Yueping(陆月萍),CHEN Bin(陈彬),CAO Zhonggang(曹钟港). Totalαtotalβradioactivity levels of drinking water around qinshan nuclear power base during 2011-2015[J]. Environment and Development(环境与发展),2018,30(4):166,168
[12] BAI Jianhe(白建和),XU Yuanlu(徐元录). On influence of industarial waste residue to underground water and its treatment in Liaoning province[J]. Liaoning Geology(辽宁地质),1984(3):271-277.
[13] LOTTERMOSER B G,ASHLEY P M. Tailings dam seepage at the rehabilitated Mary Kathleen uranium mine,Australia[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2005,85(3):119-137.
[14] THERESA M K,ADAM C V,MEGAN L L,et al. Investigating uranium distribution in surface sediments and waters:a case study of contamination from the Juniper Uranium Mine, Stanislaus National Forest, CA[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2014, 136:85-97.
[15] LIU Juan(刘娟),LI Hongchun(李红春),WANG Jin(王津),et al. Environmental quality of surface waters in a uranium industrial site in South China[J]. Environmental Chemistry(环境化学), 2012, 31(7):981-989.
[16] XIANG Long(向龙),LIU Pinghui(刘平辉),ZHANG Shumei(张淑梅). Characterisctcs of uranium content in surface water of a uranium mine in Eastern China[J].Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2016,44(4):455-461.
[17] LIANG Xiaojun(梁晓军),SONG Wenlei(宋文磊),LI Jian(李建),et al. Research progress on drinking water radioactivity pollution and its health risk assessment[J]. Occup and Health(职业与健康),2015,31(3):417-419.
[18] GB 23727—2009 Regulations for radiation and environment protection in uranium mining and milling(铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护规定)[S].
[19] EPA 822-s-12-001. 2012 Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories[S].
[20] Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality:summary table, Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau[S]. 2012.
[21] QI Wen(齐文),GAO Bai(高柏),CHEN Jingying(陈井影),et al. Uranium distribution characteristics and evaluation in water environment surrounding uranium tailings[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Extractive Metallurgy(有色金属:冶炼部分),2016,5:53-56.
[22] ZENG Guangming(曾光明), ZHUO Li(卓利),ZHONG Zhenglin(钟政林). Assessment models for water environmental health risk analysis[J]. Advances in Water Science(水科学进展),1998(3):9-14.