渤海歧南断阶带中下侏罗统碎屑岩潜山优质储层形成主控因素
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摘要
渤海歧口凹陷歧南断阶带中下侏罗统碎屑岩潜山储层非均质性强、储层条件复杂。基于岩心和薄片观察、扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱分析、X衍射分析等资料,对研究区目的层储层特征和优质储层主控因素进行了分析。歧南断阶带中下侏罗统碎屑岩潜山储层主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和砂砾岩,储集空间以残余原生粒间孔、次生溶孔、晶间孔为主,属中孔低渗储层,不同层段储层物性差异明显。岩性、沉积相和成岩作用共同控制了优质储层的形成:砂砾岩储层物性最好,砂岩和含砾砂岩次之,凝灰质砂岩最差;三角洲水下分支河道砂体储集物性最好,河床滞留沉积和心滩砂体次之,水上分支河道、决口扇和河漫沉积物性较差;抗压实作用、表生风化淋滤作用和深部溶蚀作用是较高孔隙度储层普遍发育的主要原因,自生高岭石等黏土矿物充填和分布差异最终决定了储层渗透性和物性,优质储层主要发育在高岭石大量富集带内。本文研究结果可为歧南断阶带及渤海海域中生界碎屑岩潜山优质储层发育区及有利勘探区带预测提供参考。
The Middle and Lower Jurassic clastic rock buried hill reservoirs in Qinan fault terrace belt of Qikou sag,Bohai sea have strong heterogeneity and complex reservoir conditions.Through a series of core and slice observation,scanning electron microscopy,electron probe,energy spectrum analysis,X-ray diffraction analysis,the characteristics of the reservoirs in the target area and the main factors of high-quality reservoirs were analyzed.The Middle and Lower Jurassic clastic rock buried hill reservoirs in Qinan fault terrace belt is mainly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone and glutenite,and the reservoir space is mainly composed of residual primary intergranular pores,secondary dissolved pores and intercrystalline pores;generally,it belongs to middle-low permeable reservoir.There are significant differences in reservoir properties of different intervals.Lithology,sedimentary facies,and diagenesis control the formation of high-quality reservoirs:the glutenite reservoir has the best physical properties,followed by sandstone and pebbly sandstone,and the worst is the tuff sandstone.The delta underwater distributary channel sand has the best physical properties,followed by the channel lag deposit and the channel bar,and the distributary channel,crevasse splay and alluvial deposit have poor physical properties.Abilityto resist the compaction,surface weathering-leaching and deep dissolution are main reasons for the wide development of high porosity reservoirs.The difference in filling and distribution of clay minerals like authigenic kaolinite ultimately determines reservoir permeability and physical properties.High-quality reservoirs were mainly developed in a large kaolinite enrichment zone.The results of this paper can provide a reference for the determination of the distribution of high-quality reservoir development zones in the Mesozoic clastic rock buried hills in the Bohai sea and the prediction of favorable exploration zones.
The Middle and Lower Jurassic clastic rock buried hill reservoirs in Qinan fault terrace belt of Qikou sag,Bohai sea have strong heterogeneity and complex reservoir conditions.Through a series of core and slice observation,scanning electron microscopy,electron probe,energy spectrum analysis,X-ray diffraction analysis,the characteristics of the reservoirs in the target area and the main factors of high-quality reservoirs were analyzed.The Middle and Lower Jurassic clastic rock buried hill reservoirs in Qinan fault terrace belt is mainly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone and glutenite,and the reservoir space is mainly composed of residual primary intergranular pores,secondary dissolved pores and intercrystalline pores;generally,it belongs to middle-low permeable reservoir.There are significant differences in reservoir properties of different intervals.Lithology,sedimentary facies,and diagenesis control the formation of high-quality reservoirs:the glutenite reservoir has the best physical properties,followed by sandstone and pebbly sandstone,and the worst is the tuff sandstone.The delta underwater distributary channel sand has the best physical properties,followed by the channel lag deposit and the channel bar,and the distributary channel,crevasse splay and alluvial deposit have poor physical properties.Abilityto resist the compaction,surface weathering-leaching and deep dissolution are main reasons for the wide development of high porosity reservoirs.The difference in filling and distribution of clay minerals like authigenic kaolinite ultimately determines reservoir permeability and physical properties.High-quality reservoirs were mainly developed in a large kaolinite enrichment zone.The results of this paper can provide a reference for the determination of the distribution of high-quality reservoir development zones in the Mesozoic clastic rock buried hills in the Bohai sea and the prediction of favorable exploration zones.
引文
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[12]黄思静,黄可可,冯文立,等.成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换与次生孔隙的形成:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究[J].地球化学,2009,38(5):498-506.HUANG Sijing,HUNAG Keke,FENG Liwen,et al.Mass exchanges among feldspar,kaolinite and illinte and their influences on secondary porosity formation in clastic diagenesis:A case study on the Upper Paleozoic,Ordos basin and Xujiahe Formation,western Sichuan depression[J].Geochimica,2009,38(5):498-506.
[13]郭佳,曾溅辉,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷沙河街组储层高岭石分布特征及其影响因素[J].现代地质,2013,27(5):1089-1098.GUO Jia,ZENG Jianhui,SONG Guoqi,et al.Distribution of kaolinite and its influencing factors in the reservoir of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression[J].Geoscience,2013,27(5):1089-1098.
[14]祝新政,李勇,丘东洲,等.大港油田孔南地区上石盒子组碎屑岩储层物性控制因素[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2011,31(1):59-64.ZHU Xinzheng,LI Yong,QIU Dongzhou,et al.Controlling factors of the clastic reservoirs in the Upper Shihezi Formation,southern Kongdian,Dagang Oilfield[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2011,31(1):59-64.
[15]金凤鸣,张凯逊,王权,等.断陷盆地深层优质碎屑岩储集层发育机理:以渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(2):247-256.JIN Fengming,ZHANG Kaixun,WANG Quan,et al.Formation mechanisms of good-quality clastic reservoirs in deep formations in rifted basins:A case study of Raoyang sag in Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(2):247-256.
[16] CHUHAN F A,BJRLYKKE K,LOWREY C.The role provenance in illitization of deeply buried reservoir sandstones from Haltenbanken and north Viking Graben,offshore Norway[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2000,17(6):673-689.
[17]陈鑫,钟建华,袁静,等.渤南洼陷古近系高岭石发育特征及转化机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):456-462.CHEN Xin,ZHONG Jianhua,YUAN Jing,et al.Development and formation of Paleogene kaolinite,Bonan subsag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(4):456-462.
[2]丁秋红,陈树旺,李晓海,等.辽宁北部秀水地区中侏罗统地层的厘定及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2016,35(8):1223-1229.DING Qiuhong,CHEN Shuwang,LI Xiaohai,et al.The determination of the middle Jurassic strata in Xiushui area,northern Liaoning Province,and its geological significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(8):1223-1229.
[3]周立宏,卢异,肖敦清,等.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷盆地结构构造及演化[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):373-382.ZHOU Lihong,LU Yi,XIAO Dunqing,et al.Basinal texture structure of Qikou Sag in Bohai Bay Basin and its evolution[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):373-382.
[4]李云,胡作维.深层砂岩储层中微晶石英包膜的形成及其对原生粒间孔隙的保存意义[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(3):87-92.LI Yun,HU Zuowei.Formation of the microcrystalline quarta coatings and its protection of the primary intergranular porosity in the deeply-buried sandstone reservoirs[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,33(3):87-92.
[5]胡作维,李云,黄思静,等.颗粒包膜在深埋藏砂岩储层原生孔隙保存中的意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2012,31(6):640-648.HU Zuowei,LI Yun,HUANG Sijing,et al.The significance of the grain coating in preserving the primary porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2012,31(6):640-648.
[6]黄思静,黄培培,王庆东,等.胶结作用在深埋藏砂岩孔隙保存中的意义[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):7-13.HUANG Sijing,HUANG Peipei,WANG Qingdong,et al.The significance of cementation in porosity preservation in deep-buried sandstones[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):7-13.
[7]王国龙,杜社宽.准噶尔盆地北三台凸起二叠系梧桐沟组一段碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(5):675-681.WANG Guolong,DU Shekuan.Clasolite reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the 1st member of Permain Wutonggou Formation in Beisantai Uplift,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(5):675-681.
[8]蒲秀刚,周立宏,王文革,等.黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷斜坡区中深层碎屑岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):36-48.PU Xiugang,ZHOU Lihong,WANG Wenge,Medium-deep clastic reservoirs in the slope area of Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):36-48.
[9]张善文.成岩过程中的“耗水作用”及其石油地质意义[J].油气地球物理,2006,4(4):1-6.ZHANG Shanwen.“Water consumption”and its oil geologic meaning in digenetic stage[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2006,4(4):1-6.
[10] SURDAM R C,CROSSEY L J,HAGEN E S,et al.Organic in organic interaction and sandstone digenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
[11]张永旺,李峰,曲正阳.东营凹陷碎屑岩储层长石溶蚀、Al迁移富集特征[J].现代地质,2018,32(2):357-363.ZHANG Yongwang,LI Feng,QU Zhengyang.Characteristicsof the feldspar corrosion and migration enrichment of Al in the clastic reservoir of Dongying Depression[J].Geoscience,2018,32(2):357-363.
[12]黄思静,黄可可,冯文立,等.成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换与次生孔隙的形成:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究[J].地球化学,2009,38(5):498-506.HUANG Sijing,HUNAG Keke,FENG Liwen,et al.Mass exchanges among feldspar,kaolinite and illinte and their influences on secondary porosity formation in clastic diagenesis:A case study on the Upper Paleozoic,Ordos basin and Xujiahe Formation,western Sichuan depression[J].Geochimica,2009,38(5):498-506.
[13]郭佳,曾溅辉,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷沙河街组储层高岭石分布特征及其影响因素[J].现代地质,2013,27(5):1089-1098.GUO Jia,ZENG Jianhui,SONG Guoqi,et al.Distribution of kaolinite and its influencing factors in the reservoir of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression[J].Geoscience,2013,27(5):1089-1098.
[14]祝新政,李勇,丘东洲,等.大港油田孔南地区上石盒子组碎屑岩储层物性控制因素[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2011,31(1):59-64.ZHU Xinzheng,LI Yong,QIU Dongzhou,et al.Controlling factors of the clastic reservoirs in the Upper Shihezi Formation,southern Kongdian,Dagang Oilfield[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2011,31(1):59-64.
[15]金凤鸣,张凯逊,王权,等.断陷盆地深层优质碎屑岩储集层发育机理:以渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(2):247-256.JIN Fengming,ZHANG Kaixun,WANG Quan,et al.Formation mechanisms of good-quality clastic reservoirs in deep formations in rifted basins:A case study of Raoyang sag in Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(2):247-256.
[16] CHUHAN F A,BJRLYKKE K,LOWREY C.The role provenance in illitization of deeply buried reservoir sandstones from Haltenbanken and north Viking Graben,offshore Norway[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2000,17(6):673-689.
[17]陈鑫,钟建华,袁静,等.渤南洼陷古近系高岭石发育特征及转化机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):456-462.CHEN Xin,ZHONG Jianhua,YUAN Jing,et al.Development and formation of Paleogene kaolinite,Bonan subsag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(4):456-462.