渤海油田普通稠油冷采测试工艺
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摘要
针对渤海油田稠油井测试过程中存在的出砂、垂直管流黏阻大流动困难、PVT取样成功率低、计量误差大等难题,从射孔、防砂、控温、取样及计量工艺优化等方面细化研究,形成了由稳岩控砂射孔诱喷技术、井下测试管柱控温技术、稠油PVT取样技术和稠油测试配套计量技术组成的普通稠油井冷采测试工艺。该工艺采用大孔径、深穿透、高密度射孔技术配合合适的诱喷压差提高油层渗流能力,联合井筒保温和加热技术降低原油在井筒中的流动阻力,优化取样器放置位置和取样时机,采用具有压力补偿功能的单相取样器保证取样准确性,配备可加热式的25 m~3计量罐实现精确计量。渤海油田蓬莱31-X1井现场应用表明,取样压差仅为0. 925 MPa,取样合格;采用螺杆泵排液求产,80 r/min时日产油52. 84 m~3,130 r/min时日产油89. 28 m~3;四次开关井均取得了合格的压力数据资料。该工艺为类似稠油油田产能释放及有效动用提供了技术支撑。
In view of some problems such as sand production,difficult vertical pipe flow due to high viscosity,low success rate of PVT sampling,and big metering error in heavy oil well tests in the Bohai Oilfield,the cold production testing technology for heavy oil well was developed through the detailed study in respect of perforation,sand control,temperature control,sampling and metering process optimization,which is composed of perforating and induced flow while stabilizing rock and controlling sand,temperature control of downhole testing string,heavy oil PVT sampling,and metering for to heavy oil testing. This technology uses large-diameter,deep-penetrating and high-density perforation technique to improve the reservoir seepage capacity at suitable induced flow pressure difference. It also combines wellbore insulation and heating technique to reduce the flow resistance of crude oil in wellbore. The single-phase sampler with pressure compensation function is used to acquire samples accurately at proper positions and time. Moreover,a 25 m~3 heated metering tank is equipped to ensure accurate metering. Field application of this technology in Well PL31-X1 in the Bohai Oilfield demonstrates the qualified sampling with pressure difference of only 0. 925 MPa,the daily oil production of 52. 84 m~3 at the pump rate of 80 r/min and 89. 28 m~3 at the pump rate of 130 r/min when the screw pump is used for production,and satisfactory pressure data obtained from four times of well entry and shut-in. This proposed technology provides the support for release and effective utilization of productivity in similar heavy oil oilfields.
In view of some problems such as sand production,difficult vertical pipe flow due to high viscosity,low success rate of PVT sampling,and big metering error in heavy oil well tests in the Bohai Oilfield,the cold production testing technology for heavy oil well was developed through the detailed study in respect of perforation,sand control,temperature control,sampling and metering process optimization,which is composed of perforating and induced flow while stabilizing rock and controlling sand,temperature control of downhole testing string,heavy oil PVT sampling,and metering for to heavy oil testing. This technology uses large-diameter,deep-penetrating and high-density perforation technique to improve the reservoir seepage capacity at suitable induced flow pressure difference. It also combines wellbore insulation and heating technique to reduce the flow resistance of crude oil in wellbore. The single-phase sampler with pressure compensation function is used to acquire samples accurately at proper positions and time. Moreover,a 25 m~3 heated metering tank is equipped to ensure accurate metering. Field application of this technology in Well PL31-X1 in the Bohai Oilfield demonstrates the qualified sampling with pressure difference of only 0. 925 MPa,the daily oil production of 52. 84 m~3 at the pump rate of 80 r/min and 89. 28 m~3 at the pump rate of 130 r/min when the screw pump is used for production,and satisfactory pressure data obtained from four times of well entry and shut-in. This proposed technology provides the support for release and effective utilization of productivity in similar heavy oil oilfields.
引文
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[13]黄文强.高压砾石充填防砂技术在曙三区的应用[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(4):111-113.HUANG Wenqiang.Application of high-rate gravel packing sand control in Shu 3 Area[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2010,17(4):111-113.
[14]高科超,尚锁贵,杨子,等.海上油田复杂气井测试地面工艺的研究与创新应用[J].油气井测试,2017,26(2):37-40.GAO Kechao,SHANG Suogui,YANG Zi,et al.Research and innovative application of ground technology for complex gas well testing in offshore oilfields[J].Well Testing,2017,26(2):37-40.
[15]曾玉强,刘蜀知,王琴,等.稠油蒸汽吞吐开采技术研究概述[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(6):5-9.ZENG Yuqiang,LIU Shuzhi,WANG Qin,et al.Overview of heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation recovery technology[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(6):5-9.
[16]张自印,熊友明,张俊斌,等.南海东部稠油油藏测试射孔参数优化研究[J].西部探矿工程,2015,27(5):47-50.ZHANG Ziyin,XIONG Youming,ZHANG Junbin,et al.Optimization of perforation parameters for testing heavy oil reservoirs in the eastern south China Sea[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015,27(5):47-50.
[17]王守君,谭忠健,胡小江,等.海上复合射孔与地层测试联作工艺技术研究及应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(3):8-12.WANG Shoujun,TAN Zhongjian,HU Xiaojiang,et al.An offshore combination technology of composite perforation and formation testing and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(3):8-12.
[18]李东传,唐国海,孙新波,等.射孔压实带研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):112-114.LI Dongchuan,TANG Guohai,SUN Xinbo,et al.Astudy on perforation crushed-zone[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(5):112-114.
[19]PUCKNELL J K,BEHRMANN L A.An investigation of the damaged zone created by perforating[C].SPE22811,1991.
[20]马英文,付团辉,吴泽林,等.渤中34-2/4油田外置式复合射孔技术[J].油气井测试,2018,27(1):31-36.MA Yingwen,FU Tuanhui,WU Zelin,et al.External composite perforation technology in the Bozhong Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2018,27(1):31-36.
[21]戴卢军,杨子,高科超,等.渤海油田探井测试井下PVT取样技术进展研究与改进[J].油气井测试,2017,26(5):62-65.DAI Lujun,YANG Zi,GAO Kechao,et al.Research and improvement on down-hole PVT sampling technique progress in exploratory well testing in Bohai Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2017,26(5):62-65.
[22]张兴华,杨子,冯卫华,等.单相和置换式PVT取样技术在探井测试中的研究[J].石油工业技术监督,2014,30(2):27-29.ZHANG Xinghua,YANG Zi,FNEG Weihua,et al.Study on application of single phase sampling and positive displacement sampling in testing of exploratory wells[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2014,30(2):27-29.
[23]陈金先,杨歧年,高科超,等.稠油计量新技术在渤海油田探井测试中的应用与分析[J].石油和化工设备,2018,21(5):40-45.CHEN Jinxian,YANG Qinian,GAO Kechao,et al.Analysis and application of heavy oil metering new technology in Bohai Oilfield at exploratory well testing[J].Petro&Chemical Equipment,2018,21(5):40-45.
[2]张凤久.海上稠油油藏早期注聚最佳时机的确定[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(3):89-94.ZHANG Fengjiu.The optimum early polymer injection time for offshore heavy oil reservoir[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(3):89-94.
[3]郭太现,苏彦春.渤海油田稠油油藏开发现状和技术发展方向[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(4):26-30,35.GUO Taixian,SU Yanchun.Current status and technical development direction in heavy oil reservoir development in Bohai Oilfields[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(4):26-30,35.
[4]高科超,冯卫华,吴轩,等.海上油田复杂气井深井测试管柱的应用与研究[J].油气井测试,2016,25(1):54-57.GAO Kechao,FENG Weihua,WU Xuan,et al.Application and research of deep well test strings in complex gas wells in offshore oilfields[J].Well Testing,2016,25(1):54-57.
[5]卢中原,谭忠健,许峰,等.渤海油田稠油测试井智能双频加热降黏技术[J].油气井测试,2018,27(6):27-32.LU Zhongyuan,TAN Zhongjian,XU Feng,et al.Intelligent dual-frequency heating and viscosity reduction technology for heavy oil test wells in Bohai Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2018,27(6):27-32.
[6]张兴华,周新宇,杨子,等.APR测试工艺在压裂测试井中的技术创新[J].油气井测试,2018,27(5):13-18.ZHANG Xinghua,ZHOU Xinyu,YANG Zi,et al.Technical innovation of APR testing technology in fracturing test wells[J].Well Testing,2018,27(5):13-18.
[7]张国强,许兵,潘福熙,等.电缆地层测试聚焦探针在渤海地区的应用[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(5):309-312.ZHANG Guoqiang,XU Bing,PAN Fuxi,et al.An application of focused probe for wireline formation test in Bohai Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(5):309-312.
[8]唐海雄,王跃曾,张俊斌,等.浮式钻井装置电潜泵测试关键技术及其应用[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):257-259.TANG Haixiong,WANG Yuezeng,ZHANG Junbin,et al.Key techniques and their application for well testing with electric submersible pump on floating drilling vessel[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):257-259.
[9]张兴华.稠油油藏地层测试保温管技术[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):269-271.ZHANG Xinghua.Insulation pipe technology for formation test of viscous oil reservoir[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):269-271.
[10]徐锦绣,吕洪志,崔云江.渤海地区电缆地层测试应用效果分析[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(2):106-110.XU Jinxiu,LYU Hongzhi,CUI Yunjiang.An application analysis of wireline formation test in Bohai region[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(2):106-110.
[11]曾祥林,孙福街,王星,等.渤海疏松砂岩常规稠油提高单井产能对策研究[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(6):47-50.ZENG Xianglin,SUN Fujie,WANG Xing,et al.Well production research on conventional heavy oil in unconsolidated research in Bohai Oilfield[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2005,28(6):47-50.
[12]柯文奇,赵仁保,石在虹,等.稠油掺稀降黏评价新方法及模拟分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):1990-1994.KE Wenqi,ZHAO Renbao,SHI Zaihong,et al.A new viscosity evaluation method of heavy oil production assisted with light oil blending and simulation analysis[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(6):1990-1994.
[13]黄文强.高压砾石充填防砂技术在曙三区的应用[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(4):111-113.HUANG Wenqiang.Application of high-rate gravel packing sand control in Shu 3 Area[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2010,17(4):111-113.
[14]高科超,尚锁贵,杨子,等.海上油田复杂气井测试地面工艺的研究与创新应用[J].油气井测试,2017,26(2):37-40.GAO Kechao,SHANG Suogui,YANG Zi,et al.Research and innovative application of ground technology for complex gas well testing in offshore oilfields[J].Well Testing,2017,26(2):37-40.
[15]曾玉强,刘蜀知,王琴,等.稠油蒸汽吞吐开采技术研究概述[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(6):5-9.ZENG Yuqiang,LIU Shuzhi,WANG Qin,et al.Overview of heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation recovery technology[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(6):5-9.
[16]张自印,熊友明,张俊斌,等.南海东部稠油油藏测试射孔参数优化研究[J].西部探矿工程,2015,27(5):47-50.ZHANG Ziyin,XIONG Youming,ZHANG Junbin,et al.Optimization of perforation parameters for testing heavy oil reservoirs in the eastern south China Sea[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015,27(5):47-50.
[17]王守君,谭忠健,胡小江,等.海上复合射孔与地层测试联作工艺技术研究及应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(3):8-12.WANG Shoujun,TAN Zhongjian,HU Xiaojiang,et al.An offshore combination technology of composite perforation and formation testing and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(3):8-12.
[18]李东传,唐国海,孙新波,等.射孔压实带研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):112-114.LI Dongchuan,TANG Guohai,SUN Xinbo,et al.Astudy on perforation crushed-zone[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(5):112-114.
[19]PUCKNELL J K,BEHRMANN L A.An investigation of the damaged zone created by perforating[C].SPE22811,1991.
[20]马英文,付团辉,吴泽林,等.渤中34-2/4油田外置式复合射孔技术[J].油气井测试,2018,27(1):31-36.MA Yingwen,FU Tuanhui,WU Zelin,et al.External composite perforation technology in the Bozhong Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2018,27(1):31-36.
[21]戴卢军,杨子,高科超,等.渤海油田探井测试井下PVT取样技术进展研究与改进[J].油气井测试,2017,26(5):62-65.DAI Lujun,YANG Zi,GAO Kechao,et al.Research and improvement on down-hole PVT sampling technique progress in exploratory well testing in Bohai Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2017,26(5):62-65.
[22]张兴华,杨子,冯卫华,等.单相和置换式PVT取样技术在探井测试中的研究[J].石油工业技术监督,2014,30(2):27-29.ZHANG Xinghua,YANG Zi,FNEG Weihua,et al.Study on application of single phase sampling and positive displacement sampling in testing of exploratory wells[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2014,30(2):27-29.
[23]陈金先,杨歧年,高科超,等.稠油计量新技术在渤海油田探井测试中的应用与分析[J].石油和化工设备,2018,21(5):40-45.CHEN Jinxian,YANG Qinian,GAO Kechao,et al.Analysis and application of heavy oil metering new technology in Bohai Oilfield at exploratory well testing[J].Petro&Chemical Equipment,2018,21(5):40-45.