“一带一路”背景下中越农业科技合作探析
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摘要
【目的】根据中越农业科技合作现状,挖掘合作潜力,为中越农业科技合作发展路径的深化提供参考。【方法】通过文献与实地调查阐明中越农业科技合作机制、现状及存在问题,结合目前双方需求,筛选合作潜力较大的领域,对进一步合作提出针对性建议。【结果】中越两国农业科技合作基础良好,已建立中国—越南科技合作联合委员会、湄公河委员会(MRC)、中国—东盟创新合作大会、南亚东南亚农业科技创新联盟及中国—越南农业合作联合委员会等合作机制,合作模式主要有农业科技人员学习、交流及培训,共同开展农业科技合作项目和农业科技合作平台建设等。当前合作中还存在双向合作不平衡、复合型农业科技人才缺乏、合作缺少创新且局限性大及合作资金投入不足等问题。合作潜力较大的技术领域有农机研发、作物种子、有机肥料研发、畜牧养殖、农产品加工及农业资源开发等。【建议】完善不成熟合作机制,制定全新合作模式;加强双语农业科技人才培养,拓宽信息交流渠道;创造更多合作机会,探索平衡合作方式;共同设立农业科技合作基金;完善农业科技支持政策,鼓励企业自主创新;加强农户技术培训;建立统一的农业生产技术标准体系。
【Objective】According to the current situation of agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Vietnam,the potential of cooperation was explored to provide reference for the further development of SinoVietnamese agricultural science and technology cooperation in the future.【Method】The mechanism,current situation and existing problems of agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Vietnam were systematically analyzed. Based on the current needs of both sides,the potential areas of cooperation were selected and targeted,suggestions were put forward for further cooperation.【Result】China and Vietnam enjoyed a sound foundation for cooperation in agricultural science and technology,and cooperation mechanism such as the Joint Committee on Sino-Vietnamese Scientific and Technological Cooperation,Mekong River Commission(MRC),China-ASEAN Conference on Innovative Cooperation,South Asia and Southeast Asia Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance and China-Vietnam Agricultural Cooperation Joint Committee have been established. The cooperation mode mainly included the study,exchange and training of agricultural science and technology personnel,joint agricultural science and technology cooperation projects and the construction of agricultural science and technology cooperation platform. There were also problems in the cooperation,such as unbalanced two-way cooperation,lack of multi-disciplinary agricultural scientific and technological talents,lack of innovation in cooperation,great limitations and insufficient investment in cooperation funds. At present,the fields of cooperation with great potential included research and development of agricultural machinery,crop seeds,organic fertilizers,animal husbandry,processing of agricultural products and joint development of agricultural resources.【Suggestion】Following suggestions were proposed:improving immature cooperation mechanism,formulating new cooperation mode;strengthening the training of bilingual agricultural science and technology personnel,opening up channels for information exchange;creating more opportunities for cooperation,exploring balanced ways of cooperation;jointly establishing a fund for cooperation in agricultural science and technology;improving policies to support agricultural science and technology,encouraging enterprises to make independent innovation;strengthening technical training for farmers;establishing a unified system of technical standards for agricultural production.
【Objective】According to the current situation of agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Vietnam,the potential of cooperation was explored to provide reference for the further development of SinoVietnamese agricultural science and technology cooperation in the future.【Method】The mechanism,current situation and existing problems of agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Vietnam were systematically analyzed. Based on the current needs of both sides,the potential areas of cooperation were selected and targeted,suggestions were put forward for further cooperation.【Result】China and Vietnam enjoyed a sound foundation for cooperation in agricultural science and technology,and cooperation mechanism such as the Joint Committee on Sino-Vietnamese Scientific and Technological Cooperation,Mekong River Commission(MRC),China-ASEAN Conference on Innovative Cooperation,South Asia and Southeast Asia Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance and China-Vietnam Agricultural Cooperation Joint Committee have been established. The cooperation mode mainly included the study,exchange and training of agricultural science and technology personnel,joint agricultural science and technology cooperation projects and the construction of agricultural science and technology cooperation platform. There were also problems in the cooperation,such as unbalanced two-way cooperation,lack of multi-disciplinary agricultural scientific and technological talents,lack of innovation in cooperation,great limitations and insufficient investment in cooperation funds. At present,the fields of cooperation with great potential included research and development of agricultural machinery,crop seeds,organic fertilizers,animal husbandry,processing of agricultural products and joint development of agricultural resources.【Suggestion】Following suggestions were proposed:improving immature cooperation mechanism,formulating new cooperation mode;strengthening the training of bilingual agricultural science and technology personnel,opening up channels for information exchange;creating more opportunities for cooperation,exploring balanced ways of cooperation;jointly establishing a fund for cooperation in agricultural science and technology;improving policies to support agricultural science and technology,encouraging enterprises to make independent innovation;strengthening technical training for farmers;establishing a unified system of technical standards for agricultural production.
引文
白金山.2017.“一带一路”背景下我国农业国际合作前景[J].中国党政干部论坛,(10):59-62.[Bai J S.2017.China’s agricultural international cooperation prospects under the background of‘One Belt and One Road’[J].Chinese Cadres Tribune,(10):59-62.]
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曹玉娟,杨起全,赵延东.2015.新周边形势下中国-东盟农业科技国际合作的广西实践[J].中国科技论坛,(3):155-160.[Cao Y J,Yang Q Q,Zhao Y D.2015.Local practice of China-ASEAN agricultural scientific and technological international cooperation under the new situation of surrounding areas[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,(3):155-160.]
陈启源,曹丽君.2010.论广西与越南农业科技合作的理论和实践途径[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),32(6):49-52.[Chen Q Y,Cao L J.2010.Guangxi-Vietnam agricultural technology cooperation:Theory and practical courses[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Philosophy and Social Science),32(6):49-52.]
程长林,任爱胜,柳萌,王永春,修文彦.2017.“一带一路”背景下中国农业科技国际合作现状与模式研究[J].农业展望,13(8):107-111.[Cheng C L,Ren A S,Liu M,Wang Y C,Xiu W Y.2017.Status quo and mode of international cooperation of China’s agricultural science and technology under the background of the Belt and Road[J].Agricultural Outlook,13(8):107-111.]
邓玉春.2011.高职高专越南语专业复合型人才培养的探索与实践[J].经济研究导刊,(23):258-260.[Deng Y C.2011.The exploring and practice of the Vietnam language speciality complex talent training in the high vocational school[J].Economic Research Guide,(23):258-260.]
江文国.2014.基于粮食生产能力提升的中越粮食安全区域合作[D].杭州:浙江工业大学.[Jiang W G.2014.SinoVietnam regional cooperation for food security based on raiding food production ability[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology.]
蒋坤明.2014.浅析我国畜牧业的发展现状与趋势[J].当代畜牧,(11):12-13.[Jiang K M.2014.A brief analysis of the development status and trend of animal husbandry in China[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,(11):12-13.]
金丹.2018.“一带一路”倡议在越南的进展、成果和前景[J].学术探索,(1):25-30.[Jin D.2018.Progress,achievements and prospects of“Belt and Road”Initiative in Vietnam[J].Academic Exploration,(1):25-30.]
李斐,杨枝煌.2016.中国-东盟农业合作提升战略[J].国际经济合作,(10):31-40.[Li F,Yang Z H.2016.ChinaASEAN agricultural cooperation promotion strategy[J].Journal of International Economic Cooperation,(10):31-40.]
李桂峰.2017.农产品加工水平稳步提升未来仍具有广阔发展前景[EB/OL].2017-11-22.https://bg.qianzhan.com/trends/detail/506/171122-34fee2fa.html.[Li G F.2017.The processing level of agricultural products has been steadily improved,the future still has broad prospects for development[EB/OL].2017-11-22.https://bg.qianzhan.com/trends/detail/506/171122-34fee2fa.html.]
马铮.2015.越南农机需要跨越式发展[J].农机市场,(8):60.[Ma Z.2015.Vietnam’s agricultural machinery needs to leapfrog development[J].Agricultural Machinery Market,(8):60.]
农文寿.2013.中越农业互补性及农产品贸易策略研究[D].南宁:广西大学.[Nong W S.2013.China-Vietnam complementary agricultural and agricultural product trade research[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.]
阮清廉,刘喜,江玲,万建民.2017.越南水稻生产概况及中越水稻生产互补性分析[J].杂交水稻,32(6):64-74.[Nguyen T L,Liu X,Jiang L,Wan J M.2017.Rice production in Vietnam and analysis of complementarity between Vientnam and China in rice production[J].Hybrid Rice,32(6):64-74.]
尚永辉,魏君英.2017.“一带一路”下中国与东盟农业合作研究[J].合作经济与科技,(18):9-11.[Shang Y H,Wei J Y.2017.Research on China-Asean agricultural cooperation under the One Belt And One Road Strategy[J].Cooperative Economy&Science,(18):9-11.]
宋超,许婧.2018.中国对越南农业技术援助初探(1950-1978)[J].中国农史,(4):34-45.[Song C,Xu J.2018.A preliminary research on China’s technical assistance to Vietnam in agriculture(1950-1978)[J].Agricultural History of China,(4):34-45.]
唐家璇,阮颐年.2001.中华人民共和国和越南社会主义共和国关于新世纪全面合作的联合声明[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,(6):22-24.[Tang J X,Nguyen Y N.2001.Joint Statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on comprehensive cooperation in the new century[J].Gazette of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China,(6):22-24.]
辛闻.2017.外交部:越南和老挝是“一带一路”沿线重要国家[EB/OL].2017-11-14.http://www.china.com.cn/news/world/2017-11/14/content_41890915.htm.[Xin W.2017.Ministry of Foreign Affairs:Vietnam and Laos are important countries along the Belt and Road Initiative[EB/OL].2017-11-14.http://www.china.com.cn/news/world/2017-11/14/content_41890915.htm.]
杨琼.2015.越南的投资环境与中国企业对越投资策略研究[D].昆明:云南大学.[Yang Q.2015.The analysis of Vietnam investment environment and strategy research[D].Kunming:Yunnan University.]
杨文桓.2018.基于越南需求视角的越中农业技术合作研究[D].南宁:广西大学.[Duong V H.2018.Research on agricultural technology cooperation between Vietnam and China based on the perspective of Vietnamese demand[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.]
郑绘.2013.深化广西与东盟科技合作的思路与对策[J].企业科技与发展,(23):16-17.[Zheng H.2013.Ideas about deepening the cooperation between Guangxi and ASEANin science and technology and the countermeasures[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,(23):16-17.]
朱月季,胡晨,李佳莲.2018.“一带一路”倡议下中国与东盟国家农业技术合作模式研究[J].世界农业,(9):28-33.[Zhu Y J,Hu C,Li J L.2018.Study on agricultural technology cooperation model between China and ASEANcountries under the Belt and Road Initiative[J].World Agriculture,(9):28-33.]
曹丽君,陈启源.2009.广西与越南农业科技合作现状、问题与对策[J].东南亚纵横,(7):55-58.[Cao L J,Chen QY.2009.The situation,problems and suggestions of Guangxi and Vietnam in agricultural science and technology cooperation[J].Around Southeast Asia,(7):55-58.]
曹玉娟,杨起全,赵延东.2015.新周边形势下中国-东盟农业科技国际合作的广西实践[J].中国科技论坛,(3):155-160.[Cao Y J,Yang Q Q,Zhao Y D.2015.Local practice of China-ASEAN agricultural scientific and technological international cooperation under the new situation of surrounding areas[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,(3):155-160.]
陈启源,曹丽君.2010.论广西与越南农业科技合作的理论和实践途径[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),32(6):49-52.[Chen Q Y,Cao L J.2010.Guangxi-Vietnam agricultural technology cooperation:Theory and practical courses[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Philosophy and Social Science),32(6):49-52.]
程长林,任爱胜,柳萌,王永春,修文彦.2017.“一带一路”背景下中国农业科技国际合作现状与模式研究[J].农业展望,13(8):107-111.[Cheng C L,Ren A S,Liu M,Wang Y C,Xiu W Y.2017.Status quo and mode of international cooperation of China’s agricultural science and technology under the background of the Belt and Road[J].Agricultural Outlook,13(8):107-111.]
邓玉春.2011.高职高专越南语专业复合型人才培养的探索与实践[J].经济研究导刊,(23):258-260.[Deng Y C.2011.The exploring and practice of the Vietnam language speciality complex talent training in the high vocational school[J].Economic Research Guide,(23):258-260.]
江文国.2014.基于粮食生产能力提升的中越粮食安全区域合作[D].杭州:浙江工业大学.[Jiang W G.2014.SinoVietnam regional cooperation for food security based on raiding food production ability[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology.]
蒋坤明.2014.浅析我国畜牧业的发展现状与趋势[J].当代畜牧,(11):12-13.[Jiang K M.2014.A brief analysis of the development status and trend of animal husbandry in China[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,(11):12-13.]
金丹.2018.“一带一路”倡议在越南的进展、成果和前景[J].学术探索,(1):25-30.[Jin D.2018.Progress,achievements and prospects of“Belt and Road”Initiative in Vietnam[J].Academic Exploration,(1):25-30.]
李斐,杨枝煌.2016.中国-东盟农业合作提升战略[J].国际经济合作,(10):31-40.[Li F,Yang Z H.2016.ChinaASEAN agricultural cooperation promotion strategy[J].Journal of International Economic Cooperation,(10):31-40.]
李桂峰.2017.农产品加工水平稳步提升未来仍具有广阔发展前景[EB/OL].2017-11-22.https://bg.qianzhan.com/trends/detail/506/171122-34fee2fa.html.[Li G F.2017.The processing level of agricultural products has been steadily improved,the future still has broad prospects for development[EB/OL].2017-11-22.https://bg.qianzhan.com/trends/detail/506/171122-34fee2fa.html.]
马铮.2015.越南农机需要跨越式发展[J].农机市场,(8):60.[Ma Z.2015.Vietnam’s agricultural machinery needs to leapfrog development[J].Agricultural Machinery Market,(8):60.]
农文寿.2013.中越农业互补性及农产品贸易策略研究[D].南宁:广西大学.[Nong W S.2013.China-Vietnam complementary agricultural and agricultural product trade research[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.]
阮清廉,刘喜,江玲,万建民.2017.越南水稻生产概况及中越水稻生产互补性分析[J].杂交水稻,32(6):64-74.[Nguyen T L,Liu X,Jiang L,Wan J M.2017.Rice production in Vietnam and analysis of complementarity between Vientnam and China in rice production[J].Hybrid Rice,32(6):64-74.]
尚永辉,魏君英.2017.“一带一路”下中国与东盟农业合作研究[J].合作经济与科技,(18):9-11.[Shang Y H,Wei J Y.2017.Research on China-Asean agricultural cooperation under the One Belt And One Road Strategy[J].Cooperative Economy&Science,(18):9-11.]
宋超,许婧.2018.中国对越南农业技术援助初探(1950-1978)[J].中国农史,(4):34-45.[Song C,Xu J.2018.A preliminary research on China’s technical assistance to Vietnam in agriculture(1950-1978)[J].Agricultural History of China,(4):34-45.]
唐家璇,阮颐年.2001.中华人民共和国和越南社会主义共和国关于新世纪全面合作的联合声明[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,(6):22-24.[Tang J X,Nguyen Y N.2001.Joint Statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on comprehensive cooperation in the new century[J].Gazette of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China,(6):22-24.]
辛闻.2017.外交部:越南和老挝是“一带一路”沿线重要国家[EB/OL].2017-11-14.http://www.china.com.cn/news/world/2017-11/14/content_41890915.htm.[Xin W.2017.Ministry of Foreign Affairs:Vietnam and Laos are important countries along the Belt and Road Initiative[EB/OL].2017-11-14.http://www.china.com.cn/news/world/2017-11/14/content_41890915.htm.]
杨琼.2015.越南的投资环境与中国企业对越投资策略研究[D].昆明:云南大学.[Yang Q.2015.The analysis of Vietnam investment environment and strategy research[D].Kunming:Yunnan University.]
杨文桓.2018.基于越南需求视角的越中农业技术合作研究[D].南宁:广西大学.[Duong V H.2018.Research on agricultural technology cooperation between Vietnam and China based on the perspective of Vietnamese demand[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.]
郑绘.2013.深化广西与东盟科技合作的思路与对策[J].企业科技与发展,(23):16-17.[Zheng H.2013.Ideas about deepening the cooperation between Guangxi and ASEANin science and technology and the countermeasures[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,(23):16-17.]
朱月季,胡晨,李佳莲.2018.“一带一路”倡议下中国与东盟国家农业技术合作模式研究[J].世界农业,(9):28-33.[Zhu Y J,Hu C,Li J L.2018.Study on agricultural technology cooperation model between China and ASEANcountries under the Belt and Road Initiative[J].World Agriculture,(9):28-33.]