ASME PTC4.1—1964标准和ASME PTC4—2013标准关于锅炉效率计算的区别
|
摘要
简要介绍了国内锅炉性能试验的常用标准,包括中国标准和美国标准。由于不同标准版本会带来试验结果上的差异,有必要对如何使用不同标准版本进行研究分析,以便工程技术人员更好地理解和掌握不同标准版本在实际工程中的使用。本文针对实际工程中常用的美国标准,重点对ASME PTC4.1—1964标准和ASME PTC4—2013标准中锅炉效率计算方法的区别进行了分析讨论,详细比较了锅炉效率的定义、适用范围、基准温度以及主要热损失计算的差异。试验案例计算结果表明:如果忽略物理输入热,2个标准计算的锅炉效率结果相对偏差值为0.054%;如果考虑物理输入热,2个标准计算的毛效率相对偏差值为0.055%,锅炉燃料效率相对偏差值为0.079%。
The commonly used standards of boiler performance test in China are briefly introduced, including Chinese standards and American standards. Because different standard versions will bring differences in the test results, it is necessary to study how to use different standard versions, thus to help engineers better understand and master the utilization of different standard versions in actual projects. The differences of boiler efficiency calculation method between ASME PTC4.1—1964 and ASME PTC4—2013 are discussed, and the difference in definition and application range of boiler efficiency, as well as the reference temperature and main heat loss calculation, are compared in detail. The calculation results of the performance test case show that: if the physical input heat is ignored, the relative deviation of the boiler efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.054%; if the physical input heat is considered, the relative deviation of the gross efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.055%, and the relative deviation of the fuel efficiency is 0.079%.
The commonly used standards of boiler performance test in China are briefly introduced, including Chinese standards and American standards. Because different standard versions will bring differences in the test results, it is necessary to study how to use different standard versions, thus to help engineers better understand and master the utilization of different standard versions in actual projects. The differences of boiler efficiency calculation method between ASME PTC4.1—1964 and ASME PTC4—2013 are discussed, and the difference in definition and application range of boiler efficiency, as well as the reference temperature and main heat loss calculation, are compared in detail. The calculation results of the performance test case show that: if the physical input heat is ignored, the relative deviation of the boiler efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.054%; if the physical input heat is considered, the relative deviation of the gross efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.055%, and the relative deviation of the fuel efficiency is 0.079%.
引文
[1]电站锅炉性能试验规程:GB/T 10184-2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:1-51.Performance test codes for utility boiler:GB/T 10184-2015[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015:1-51.
[2]电站锅炉性能试验规程:GB 10184-1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988:1-38.Performance test codes for utility boiler:GB 10184-1988[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1988:1-38.
[3]锅炉机组性能试验规程:ASME PTC4.1-1964[S].美国机械工程师协会,1964:1-43.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4.1-1964[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1964:1-43.
[4]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-1998[S].美国机械工程师协会,1998:1-85.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-1998[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1998:1-85.
[5]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-2008[S].美国机械工程师协会,2008:1-95.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-2008[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008:1-95.
[6]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-2013[S].美国机械工程师协会,2013:1-122.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-2013[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2013:1-122.
[7]电站锅炉性能试验规程[M]//国外热机规程汇编.西安:能源部西安热工研究所,1989:1-80.Performance test codes for utility boiler[M]//Compilation of Foreign Heat Engine Codes.Xi’an:Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute,Ministry of Energy,1989:1-80.
[8]苏联全苏热工研究院所.锅炉机组热力计算标准方法[M].北京锅炉厂,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1976:11-27.All Soviet Institute of Thermal Engineering Compile.Standard method for thermodynamic calculation of boiler units[M].Beijing Boiler Factory,translated.Beijing:China Machine Press,1976:11-27.
[9]丁立新.电厂锅炉原理[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:32-53.DING Lixin.Boiler principle[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009:32-53.
[10]阎维平,云曦.ASME PTC4-1998锅炉性能试验规程的主要特点[J].动力工程,2007(2):174-178.YAN Weiping,YUN Xi.Essentials of boiler performance test code ASME PTC4-1998[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2007(2):174-178
[11]刘振琪,刘琦.电站锅炉性能考核试验技术简介[J].锅炉技术,2003(7):58-62.LIU Zhenqi,LIU Qi.Brief introduction to performance assessment test technology of power plant boiler[J].Boiler Technology,2003(7):58-62.
[12]王祝成,施延洲.GB 10184-88标准中排烟温度修正方法的改进探讨[J].锅炉技术,2011(5):56-59.WANG Zhucheng,SHI Yanzhou.Discussion on improvement of correction method of outgoing gas temperature in GB 10184-88 codes[J].Boiler Technology,2011(5):56-59.
[13]电力名词审定委员会.电力名词[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:411-416.Electric Power Nouns Verification Committee.Electric power nouns[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2009:411-416.
[14]火力发电厂技术经济指标计算方法:DL/T 904-2015[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015:10-40.Calculating method of economical and technical index for thermal power plant:DL/T 904-2015[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015:10-40.
[15]孟勇,吴生来.ASME PTC4.1计算循环流化床锅炉效率的基本方法[J].热力发电,2003,32(10):53-55.MENG Yong,WU Shenglai.The basic method of calculating the efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler by ASME PTC4.1[J].Thermal Power Generation,2003,32(10):53-55.
[16]许传凯.燃煤锅炉燃烧优化技术--烟气中一氧化碳的检测[J].热力发电,1989,18(2):55-60.XU Chuankai.Combustion optimization technology of coal-fired boilers:detection of carbon monoxide in flue gas[J].Thermal Power Generation,1989,18(2):55-60.
[17]周平,张广才,严晓勇,等.600 MW机组对冲燃煤锅炉尾部CO浓度偏高的调整试验[J].热力发电,2014,43(12):82-88.ZHOU Ping,ZHANG Guangcai,YAN Xiaoyong,et al.Operation optimization on high co emissions of a 600 MWunit swirl-opposed firing boiler after low-NOx burner retrofitting[J].Thermal Power Generation,2014,43(12):82-88.
[18]刘琦,吴生来.华能福州电厂1号锅炉飞灰可燃物升高原因分析[J].热力发电,1998,27(6):56-59.LIU Qi,WU Shenglai.Analysis on the rise of fly ash combustibles in No.1 boiler of Huaneng Fuzhou Power Plant[J].Thermal Power Generation,1998,27(6):56-59.
[19]王春昌.电站燃煤锅炉煤粉细度控制值研究[J].热力发电,2011,40(1):48-51.WANG Chunchang.Study on the fineness controlled value of pulverized coal for coal-fired boilers in thermal power plants[J].Thermal Power Generation,2011,40(1):48-51.
[20]杨涛,倪舒云,张再刚,等.某电厂4号锅炉飞灰可燃物含量偏高的原因分析及解决措施[J].热力发电,2012,41(12):111-112.YANG Tao,NI Shuyun,ZHANG Zaigang,et al.High content of combustible matter in fly ash for NO.4 boiler in a power plant:reason analysis and countermeasures[J].Thermal Power Generation,2012,41(12):111-112.
[21]张安国.电站磨煤机及制粉系统选型导则[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004:7-9.ZHANG Anguo.Guide for type selection for pulverizers and pulverizing systems of power station[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004:7-9.
[2]电站锅炉性能试验规程:GB 10184-1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988:1-38.Performance test codes for utility boiler:GB 10184-1988[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1988:1-38.
[3]锅炉机组性能试验规程:ASME PTC4.1-1964[S].美国机械工程师协会,1964:1-43.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4.1-1964[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1964:1-43.
[4]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-1998[S].美国机械工程师协会,1998:1-85.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-1998[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1998:1-85.
[5]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-2008[S].美国机械工程师协会,2008:1-95.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-2008[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008:1-95.
[6]锅炉性能试验规程:ASME PTC4-2013[S].美国机械工程师协会,2013:1-122.Fired steam generators performance test codes:ASMEPTC4-2013[S].The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2013:1-122.
[7]电站锅炉性能试验规程[M]//国外热机规程汇编.西安:能源部西安热工研究所,1989:1-80.Performance test codes for utility boiler[M]//Compilation of Foreign Heat Engine Codes.Xi’an:Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute,Ministry of Energy,1989:1-80.
[8]苏联全苏热工研究院所.锅炉机组热力计算标准方法[M].北京锅炉厂,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1976:11-27.All Soviet Institute of Thermal Engineering Compile.Standard method for thermodynamic calculation of boiler units[M].Beijing Boiler Factory,translated.Beijing:China Machine Press,1976:11-27.
[9]丁立新.电厂锅炉原理[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:32-53.DING Lixin.Boiler principle[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009:32-53.
[10]阎维平,云曦.ASME PTC4-1998锅炉性能试验规程的主要特点[J].动力工程,2007(2):174-178.YAN Weiping,YUN Xi.Essentials of boiler performance test code ASME PTC4-1998[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2007(2):174-178
[11]刘振琪,刘琦.电站锅炉性能考核试验技术简介[J].锅炉技术,2003(7):58-62.LIU Zhenqi,LIU Qi.Brief introduction to performance assessment test technology of power plant boiler[J].Boiler Technology,2003(7):58-62.
[12]王祝成,施延洲.GB 10184-88标准中排烟温度修正方法的改进探讨[J].锅炉技术,2011(5):56-59.WANG Zhucheng,SHI Yanzhou.Discussion on improvement of correction method of outgoing gas temperature in GB 10184-88 codes[J].Boiler Technology,2011(5):56-59.
[13]电力名词审定委员会.电力名词[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:411-416.Electric Power Nouns Verification Committee.Electric power nouns[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2009:411-416.
[14]火力发电厂技术经济指标计算方法:DL/T 904-2015[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015:10-40.Calculating method of economical and technical index for thermal power plant:DL/T 904-2015[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015:10-40.
[15]孟勇,吴生来.ASME PTC4.1计算循环流化床锅炉效率的基本方法[J].热力发电,2003,32(10):53-55.MENG Yong,WU Shenglai.The basic method of calculating the efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler by ASME PTC4.1[J].Thermal Power Generation,2003,32(10):53-55.
[16]许传凯.燃煤锅炉燃烧优化技术--烟气中一氧化碳的检测[J].热力发电,1989,18(2):55-60.XU Chuankai.Combustion optimization technology of coal-fired boilers:detection of carbon monoxide in flue gas[J].Thermal Power Generation,1989,18(2):55-60.
[17]周平,张广才,严晓勇,等.600 MW机组对冲燃煤锅炉尾部CO浓度偏高的调整试验[J].热力发电,2014,43(12):82-88.ZHOU Ping,ZHANG Guangcai,YAN Xiaoyong,et al.Operation optimization on high co emissions of a 600 MWunit swirl-opposed firing boiler after low-NOx burner retrofitting[J].Thermal Power Generation,2014,43(12):82-88.
[18]刘琦,吴生来.华能福州电厂1号锅炉飞灰可燃物升高原因分析[J].热力发电,1998,27(6):56-59.LIU Qi,WU Shenglai.Analysis on the rise of fly ash combustibles in No.1 boiler of Huaneng Fuzhou Power Plant[J].Thermal Power Generation,1998,27(6):56-59.
[19]王春昌.电站燃煤锅炉煤粉细度控制值研究[J].热力发电,2011,40(1):48-51.WANG Chunchang.Study on the fineness controlled value of pulverized coal for coal-fired boilers in thermal power plants[J].Thermal Power Generation,2011,40(1):48-51.
[20]杨涛,倪舒云,张再刚,等.某电厂4号锅炉飞灰可燃物含量偏高的原因分析及解决措施[J].热力发电,2012,41(12):111-112.YANG Tao,NI Shuyun,ZHANG Zaigang,et al.High content of combustible matter in fly ash for NO.4 boiler in a power plant:reason analysis and countermeasures[J].Thermal Power Generation,2012,41(12):111-112.
[21]张安国.电站磨煤机及制粉系统选型导则[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004:7-9.ZHANG Anguo.Guide for type selection for pulverizers and pulverizing systems of power station[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004:7-9.