早稻抽穗开花至成熟期气候适宜度对气候变暖与提前移栽的响应
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摘要
【目的】研究1961年以来南方早稻移栽至成熟期温度变化情况,结合早稻不同移栽期,定量分析气候变暖和提前移栽对早稻抽穗开花至乳熟成熟期温度适宜度的影响和高温日数的时空变化规律。【方法】将南方早稻种植区划分为海南(区域1)、华南(区域2)、广西北部(区域3)、江南(区域4)4个区域,以候为研究尺度,计算1961—2015年4个区域早稻正常移栽、提前1候和2候移栽3种情况下的抽穗开花至乳熟成熟期的温度适宜度和高温日数,建立抽穗开花至乳熟成熟期温度适宜度评价指标,以此分析南方早稻关键生育期适宜度对气候变暖与提前移栽的响应。【结果】(1)移栽至成熟期不同区域平均温度均呈现缓慢升高的态势,倾向率在0.097℃·(10a)-1至0.192℃·(10a)-1之间;20世纪90年代为早稻抽穗至成熟期高温日数最少的年代,21世纪为最多的年代。(2)空间上来说,不同年代区域3温度适宜度最高,区域4最低;20世纪90年代温度适宜度高值区分布大于其他年代。(3)区域2、4提前移栽有利于提高早稻关键生育期的温度适宜度,同时减少高温日数;区域1中提前移栽导致高温日数增多;区域3提前移栽温度适宜度降低,但高温日数增多。(4)代表站广东梅县早稻关键生育期温度适宜度呈现"下降-升高-再下降"的特点,进入2000年后降幅明显;高温日数则呈现上升的特点;同时表明提前移栽能够提高适宜度,减少高温日数。【结论】气候变暖的背景下,华南和江南地区提前移栽有利于提高早稻抽穗开花至乳熟成熟期温度适宜度,同时降低高温日数,有效避开高温热害对早稻的影响。
【Objective】To study the temperature condition of early rice from transplanting to maturity in southern China during 1961-2015, combined with different transplant periods of early rice, characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of temperature suitability and high temperature days from heading-flowering to milk ripe and maturity of early rice were quantitatively analyzed under the climate change and different transplant periods.【Method】Four planting regions of early rice were divided into Hainan(region 1), South China(region 2), the north of Guangxi(region 3) and the south of the Yangtze River(region 4). The temperature suitability and high temperature days from heading to maturity were calculated in three scenes of normal and 5 d and 10 d in advance transplant in 4 regions during 1961-2015. Every five days was used to be the study scale. The evaluation index of temperature suitability in critical growth stage of early rice was established based on pentad scale to analyze the responses of heading to flowering and milk ripe and maturity of early rice to climate change and different transplant period. 【Result】The results showed that:(1) The annual temperature from transplant to maturity in different regions of early rice was slowly rising and the tendency rate was between 0.097 ℃·(10 a)-1 to 0.192 ℃·(10 a)-1. The 1990 s was the fewest days of high temperatures from heading to maturity,while the most in 21 st century.(2) The highest temperature suitability was in region 3 in different ages in the space, while the lowest in region 4. The high temperature suitability distribution in the 1990 s was greater than other ages.(3) It was beneficial to improve the temperature suitability in advance transplant in region 1, 2 and 4, but it was opposite in region 3. The high temperature days were reduced in advance transplant in region 2, 3 and 4, but it was opposite in region 1.(4) The characteristic of the temperature suitability in typical station of Meixian in Guangdong province was "down-up-down", while it was declined significantly after entering 2000. The characteristics of high temperature days were continue to rise, which were 9.6 days in 1960 s and 17.2 days during 2011-2015. Meanwhile 5 d or 10 d in advance transplant could raise the temperature suitability and reduce high temperature days. 【Conclusion】In general, it was beneficial to improve temperature suitability from heading to flowering and milk ripe and maturity of early rice and reduce high temperature days in South China and South of the Yangtze River, which could reduce the influence of high temperature on early rice.
【Objective】To study the temperature condition of early rice from transplanting to maturity in southern China during 1961-2015, combined with different transplant periods of early rice, characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of temperature suitability and high temperature days from heading-flowering to milk ripe and maturity of early rice were quantitatively analyzed under the climate change and different transplant periods.【Method】Four planting regions of early rice were divided into Hainan(region 1), South China(region 2), the north of Guangxi(region 3) and the south of the Yangtze River(region 4). The temperature suitability and high temperature days from heading to maturity were calculated in three scenes of normal and 5 d and 10 d in advance transplant in 4 regions during 1961-2015. Every five days was used to be the study scale. The evaluation index of temperature suitability in critical growth stage of early rice was established based on pentad scale to analyze the responses of heading to flowering and milk ripe and maturity of early rice to climate change and different transplant period. 【Result】The results showed that:(1) The annual temperature from transplant to maturity in different regions of early rice was slowly rising and the tendency rate was between 0.097 ℃·(10 a)-1 to 0.192 ℃·(10 a)-1. The 1990 s was the fewest days of high temperatures from heading to maturity,while the most in 21 st century.(2) The highest temperature suitability was in region 3 in different ages in the space, while the lowest in region 4. The high temperature suitability distribution in the 1990 s was greater than other ages.(3) It was beneficial to improve the temperature suitability in advance transplant in region 1, 2 and 4, but it was opposite in region 3. The high temperature days were reduced in advance transplant in region 2, 3 and 4, but it was opposite in region 1.(4) The characteristic of the temperature suitability in typical station of Meixian in Guangdong province was "down-up-down", while it was declined significantly after entering 2000. The characteristics of high temperature days were continue to rise, which were 9.6 days in 1960 s and 17.2 days during 2011-2015. Meanwhile 5 d or 10 d in advance transplant could raise the temperature suitability and reduce high temperature days. 【Conclusion】In general, it was beneficial to improve temperature suitability from heading to flowering and milk ripe and maturity of early rice and reduce high temperature days in South China and South of the Yangtze River, which could reduce the influence of high temperature on early rice.
引文
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