基于WASP模型的灞河流域氨氮水质达标管理方案研究
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摘要
基于WASP(the water quality analysis simulation program)模型,采用马渡王水文站近20年(1991年—2010年)50%保证率下的日径流数据,结合流域2015年点源、非点源排污现状,建立灞河流域一维水质模拟预测模型。基于基础情景和污染负荷削减控制情景(情景B-情景C-情景D)4种方案,分析了研究河段水质达标状况。基础情景A分析表明,全流域河段达标率在枯水期为38.45%,平水期为22.35%,丰水期均不达标。情景B-C-D结果表明,削减负荷在一定程度上保障了研究河段氨氮指标达标率,模拟年3个水期河段达标率在80%左右。
Based on the WASP(water quality qnalysis simulation program model), daily runoff data at the 50% guarantee rate were adopted at Maduwang hydrological station in the past 20 years(1991-2010) and combined with the 2015 point source and non-point source pollution status to establish a 1 D water quality prediction model in Bahe River Basin. Based on the basic scenario and pollution reduction control scenario(scenario B-scenario C-scenario D), four types of schemes were analyzed to study the status of river water quality. The basic situation analysis showed that the standard compliance rate of water quality for the whole river reaches was 38.45% and 22.35% in the dry season and the flat water period, respectively and the water level was not up to the standard in the wet season. Scenario B-C-D results showed that the reduction load to a certain extent could guarantee the standard compliance rate of ammonia nitrogen indicators in the research section and in the three water periods, the water function area compliance rate reached about 80%.
Based on the WASP(water quality qnalysis simulation program model), daily runoff data at the 50% guarantee rate were adopted at Maduwang hydrological station in the past 20 years(1991-2010) and combined with the 2015 point source and non-point source pollution status to establish a 1 D water quality prediction model in Bahe River Basin. Based on the basic scenario and pollution reduction control scenario(scenario B-scenario C-scenario D), four types of schemes were analyzed to study the status of river water quality. The basic situation analysis showed that the standard compliance rate of water quality for the whole river reaches was 38.45% and 22.35% in the dry season and the flat water period, respectively and the water level was not up to the standard in the wet season. Scenario B-C-D results showed that the reduction load to a certain extent could guarantee the standard compliance rate of ammonia nitrogen indicators in the research section and in the three water periods, the water function area compliance rate reached about 80%.
引文
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[2]National Research Council.Assessing the TMDL approach to water quality management[M].Washington,D C:National Academy Press,2001.
[3]ZHENG Y,KELLER A A.Stochastic watershed water quality simulation for TMDL development-a case study in the Newport Bay watershed[J].J Am Water Resour As,2008,44(6):1397-1410.
[4]张青梅,刘湛,尤翔宇,等.湘江株洲段镉污染动态模拟与情景分析[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(10):4227-4232.
[5]宋国浩,张云怀.水质模型研究进展及发展趋势[J].装备环境工程,2008,5(2):32-36.
[6]陈美丹,姚琪,徐爱兰.WASP水质模型及其研究进展[J].水利科技与经济,2006,12(7):420-422.
[7]KIM D,WANG Q,SORIAL G A,et a1.A model approach for evaluating effects of remedial actions on mercury speciation and transport in a lake system[J].Sci Total Environ,2004,327(1):1-15.
[8]YEN C H,CHEN K F,SHEU Y T,et al.Pollution source investigation and water quality management in the carp lake watershed,Taiwan[J].CLEAN:Soil,Air,Water,2012,40(1):24-33.
[9]KAO J J,LIN W L,TSAI C H.Dynamic spatial modeling approach for estimation of internal phosphorus load[J].Water Res,1998,32(1):47-56.
[10]王建平,苏保林,贾海峰,等.密云水库及其流域营养物集成模拟的模型体系研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1286-1291.
[11]王建平,苏保林,贾海峰,等.密云水库及其流域营养物集成模拟的情景分析研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(8):1544-1548.
[12]史铁锤,王飞儿,方晓波.基于WASP的湖州市环太湖河网区水质管理模式[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):631-640.
[13]田开迪,沈冰,贾宪.MIKE SHE模型在灞河径流模拟中的应用研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(1):91-95.
[14]西安市统计局.西安统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[15]薛志华.灞河上游面源污染分析[J].陕西水利,2008(5):71.
[16]孙小军,魏炳乾,周孝德,等.西安市灞河流域水环境现状分析及治理对策[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):168-173.
[17]赵串串,张藜,王媛,等.西安市畜禽养殖结构及土地承载力分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(1):134-139.
[18]贾宪.气候和土地利用变化下灞河流域径流响应研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2014.
[19]王战平.灞河流域水文特性分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(5):176-179.
[20]马蔚纯,张超.基于GIS的水质数值模拟:以上海市苏州河为例[J].地理学报,1998,53(增刊):67-75.
[21]国家环境保护总局环境规划院.全国水环境容量核定技术指南[R].北京:国家环境保护总局环境规划院,2003:30-48.
[22]杜娟,李怀恩,李家科.基于实测资料的输出系数分析与陕西沣河流域非点源负荷来源探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):827-837.
[23]蔡明,李怀恩,庄咏涛,等.改进的输出系数法在流域非点源污染负荷估算中的应用[J].水利学报,2004,35(7):40-45.
[24]李凯,曾凡棠,房怀阳,等.基于L-THIA模型的市桥河流域非点源氮磷负荷分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4218-4225.
[25]王少平,程声通,贾海峰,等.GIS和情景分析辅助的流域水污染控制规划[J].环境科学,2004,25(4):32-37.
[26]国家环境保护总局科技标准司.地表水环境质量标准:GB3838-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[27]汪妮,李京文,解建仓.城市河流纳污能力的动态研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(10):50-54.
[28]WOOL T A,AMBROSE R B,MARTIN J L,et al.Water quality analysis simulation program(WASP)Version6.0,DRAFF:User’s Manual[M].Georiga:US Enviromental Protection Agency-Region 4,Atlanta.2001:22-28.
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