内蒙古主要园林树种旱柳气候适宜区划的研究
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摘要
树种气候区划对地区园林树种引种栽培和树种的迁地保护具有重要参考价值。该研究通过对内蒙古地区119个气象站点近30年来温暖指数和干湿度指数进行分析,采用半峰法并结合其与经纬度、海拔的回归方程得出旱柳气候区划图。结果表明:大兴安岭岭上、阴山山脉及狼山等高海拔地区为旱柳热量不足区;大兴安岭岭东南、中西部大部分地区为热量适宜区;湿度偏高区仅存在于大兴安岭北部,湿度不足区主要分布在西部荒漠化草原和荒漠区;水热适宜区主要分布在大兴安岭东南地区;东部区主要制约因素为热量,西部区则为水分条件。综合区划结果表明,气候适宜区划是树种存在存活的基础,而下垫面树种分布则受到地理、人为、社会等诸多因素的影响,树种气候区划是植被区划的基础,其结果可为地区园林树种选择及其相应的养护管理措施提供参考依据。
The climatic division of forest has very important reference values to the introduction and cultivation of the garden species,and to the migration of forest protection.The study used 119 meteorological stations′data(1984—2013)in Inner Mongolia to calculate the site warmth index and humidity/aridity index,by using the half peak width method and the regression equation of warmth index and humidity/aridity index with the longitude and latitude and altitude,the temperature and humidity and comprehensive zoning map of Salix matsudana Koidz.was concluded.The results showed that insufficient heat areas of Salix matsudana Koidz.mainly distribute in the higher altitude areas of the ridge of Greater Khingan mountains,Yinshan Mountains and Langshan Mountains;the heat suitable areas mainly distribute in southeast of Greater Khingan Mountains,midwest most areas of Inner Mongolia.High humidity area only exists in the north of Greater Khingan Mountains;insufficient humidity areas mainly distribute in the western desert and desert steppe.Heat and humidity suitable regions mainly distribute in the southeast of Greater Khingan mountains,the distritution of tree species in the eastern area of Inner Mongolia were mainly restricted by heat condition,and that western area were restricted by humidity.Climatic regionalization result was the basis of the survival tree,the tree species distribution was affected by geography,human and social factors and so on.The climatic regionalization of tree species was the basis of vegetation regionalization,the results could give reference for tree planting regionalization and management measures.
The climatic division of forest has very important reference values to the introduction and cultivation of the garden species,and to the migration of forest protection.The study used 119 meteorological stations′data(1984—2013)in Inner Mongolia to calculate the site warmth index and humidity/aridity index,by using the half peak width method and the regression equation of warmth index and humidity/aridity index with the longitude and latitude and altitude,the temperature and humidity and comprehensive zoning map of Salix matsudana Koidz.was concluded.The results showed that insufficient heat areas of Salix matsudana Koidz.mainly distribute in the higher altitude areas of the ridge of Greater Khingan mountains,Yinshan Mountains and Langshan Mountains;the heat suitable areas mainly distribute in southeast of Greater Khingan Mountains,midwest most areas of Inner Mongolia.High humidity area only exists in the north of Greater Khingan Mountains;insufficient humidity areas mainly distribute in the western desert and desert steppe.Heat and humidity suitable regions mainly distribute in the southeast of Greater Khingan mountains,the distritution of tree species in the eastern area of Inner Mongolia were mainly restricted by heat condition,and that western area were restricted by humidity.Climatic regionalization result was the basis of the survival tree,the tree species distribution was affected by geography,human and social factors and so on.The climatic regionalization of tree species was the basis of vegetation regionalization,the results could give reference for tree planting regionalization and management measures.
引文
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[11]唐翠平,乌拉,袁思安,等.沙棘人工林早衰及其更新复壮[J].西北林学院学报,2014(5):47-52.
[12]贺燕,张青,张梦弢,等.长白山杨桦次生林不同演替阶段林木空间分布格局研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015(1):8-13,201.
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[15]陈有民.园林树木学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2009.
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[18]谢晓金,郝日明,张纪林.常绿阔叶树种的耐低温特性及其生态学评价[J].生态学报,2004(11):2671-2677.
[2] KIRA T.Forest ecosystems of east and southeast Asia in global perspective[J].Ecological Research,1991(6):185-201.
[3] HENDERSON S A.Developing an interactive biosphere for global climate models[J].Vegatation,1991,91:116-149.
[4]张新时.研究全球变化的植被:气候分类系统[J].第四纪研究,1993(2):157-169,193-196.
[5]杨正宇.四类气候:植被关系模型比较研究[M].北京:中国科学院植物研究所,2001.
[6]谢晓金,郝日明.Kira与Holdridge热量指标对常绿树种耐低温能力的评价[J].福建林学院学报,2006(3):258-261.
[7]牛建明.内蒙古主要植被类型与气候因子关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,2000(1):48-53.
[8]许娟,张百平,谭靖,等.青藏高原植被垂直带与气候因子的空间关系[J].山地学报,2009(6):663-670.
[9]贾庆宇,王笑影,吕国红,等.辽宁省气候:植被指标时空变化特征及森林适宜性分析[J].生态环境学报,2010(9):2031-2035.
[10]代光辉,李根前,李甜江,等.水分条件对中国沙棘生长及种群稳定性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2011(2):1-8.
[11]唐翠平,乌拉,袁思安,等.沙棘人工林早衰及其更新复壮[J].西北林学院学报,2014(5):47-52.
[12]贺燕,张青,张梦弢,等.长白山杨桦次生林不同演替阶段林木空间分布格局研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015(1):8-13,201.
[13]兆赖之,吴伟根,潘瑞道,等.中国64种主要造林树种的生态幅度[J].浙江林学院科技通讯,1981(2):32-44.
[14]潘晓云,王根轩,曹孜义.扁桃在我国的适宜气候生态引种区研究[J].生态学报,2000(6):1069-1075.
[15]陈有民.园林树木学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2009.
[16]郭连生.内蒙古资源大辞典森林资源分册[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1997.
[17]董丽,黄亦工,贾麦娥,等.北京园林主要常绿阔叶植物抗冻性及其测定方法[J].北京林业大学学报,2002(3):70-73.
[18]谢晓金,郝日明,张纪林.常绿阔叶树种的耐低温特性及其生态学评价[J].生态学报,2004(11):2671-2677.