成都市降雨量及降雨侵蚀力年内分布特征研究
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摘要
根据成都市1991～2010年逐日降雨数据,分析降雨量和降雨侵蚀力的分布特征。结果表明:成都市多年平均降雨量先增大再减小,8月份降雨量为245.79 mm,占全年降雨量的27.76%。7,8月份侵蚀性降雨量为169.4 mm和211.4 mm,分别占多年平均降雨量的19.14%和23.89%,发生侵蚀性降雨天数为7.8 d和5.1 d。成都市多年平均降雨侵蚀力年内分布呈单峰式分布型,多年平均降雨侵蚀力为2 921.57 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h),7,8月份为1 000.65 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h)和1 008.97 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h)。降雨侵蚀力具有明显的季节性分布特征,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的降雨侵蚀力分别为262.85,2297.46,350.06,11.2 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h),夏季占全年的78.64%。降雨侵蚀力与侵蚀性降雨量的相关性优于降雨侵蚀力与降雨量的相关性。研究结果可为成都市土壤侵蚀预报与评价提供科学依据。
Based on the daily rainfall data from 1991 to 2010 in Chengdu, Sichuan, the distribution characteristics of rainfall and rainfall erosivity were analyzed. The results indicated that the annual average rainfall has increased first and then decreased in Chengdu. The rainfall in August was 245.79 mm, accounting for 27.76% of the annual rainfall. The erosive rainfall was 169.4 mm and 211.4 mm in July and August accounting for 19.14% and 23.89% of the average annual rainfall, respectively. The erosive rainfall days were 7.8 d and 5.1 d in July and August. The annual distribution of annual mean rainfall erosivity in Chengdu showed a single peak distribution pattern. The annual average rainfall erosivity was a single peak distribution pattern with erosivity of 2921.57 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h). The average rainfall erosivity of July and August were 1000.65 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and 1008.97 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h), respectively, showing obvious seasonal distribution characteristic. The rainfall erosivity of spring, summer, autumn and winter were 262.85, 2297.46, 350.06, 11.2 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h), and summer accounting for 78.64% of the whole year. The correlation between rainfall erosivity and erosive rainfall was better than that between rainfall erosivity and rainfall, and the coefficient of determination is 0.7109. The results could provide scientific basis for prediction and evaluation of soil erosion in Chengdu.
Based on the daily rainfall data from 1991 to 2010 in Chengdu, Sichuan, the distribution characteristics of rainfall and rainfall erosivity were analyzed. The results indicated that the annual average rainfall has increased first and then decreased in Chengdu. The rainfall in August was 245.79 mm, accounting for 27.76% of the annual rainfall. The erosive rainfall was 169.4 mm and 211.4 mm in July and August accounting for 19.14% and 23.89% of the average annual rainfall, respectively. The erosive rainfall days were 7.8 d and 5.1 d in July and August. The annual distribution of annual mean rainfall erosivity in Chengdu showed a single peak distribution pattern. The annual average rainfall erosivity was a single peak distribution pattern with erosivity of 2921.57 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h). The average rainfall erosivity of July and August were 1000.65 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and 1008.97 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h), respectively, showing obvious seasonal distribution characteristic. The rainfall erosivity of spring, summer, autumn and winter were 262.85, 2297.46, 350.06, 11.2 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h), and summer accounting for 78.64% of the whole year. The correlation between rainfall erosivity and erosive rainfall was better than that between rainfall erosivity and rainfall, and the coefficient of determination is 0.7109. The results could provide scientific basis for prediction and evaluation of soil erosion in Chengdu.
引文
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[3] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[4] 李钢,田刚,陆芳春,等.三种日降雨侵蚀力模型的时空特征差异分析[J].人民长江,2013,44(17):87-91.
[5] 刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):499-509.
[6] 宁丽丹,石辉.利用日降雨量资料估算西南地区的降雨侵蚀力[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):183-186.
[7] 张照录,薛重生.三峡库区日降雨量侵蚀力模型公式[J].人民长江,2005,36(11):15-17.
[8] 尹忠东,李余波,刘伟泽.西南紫色土区水土流失调控原理与范式[J].人民长江,2009,40(3):25-26.
[9] 刘皓雯,章熙锋,唐家良,等.川中紫色土地区不同集水区暴雨氮流失特征分析[J].人民长江,2018,49(12):16-22.
[10] 刘斌涛,宋春风,陶和平.成都市土壤侵蚀定量评价研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(9):40-47.
[11] 李咏红,李岱青,陈雅琳,等.四川省成都市生态环境敏感性评价[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):236-241.
[12] 李昕翼,肖国杰,白爱娟,等.成都地区降水时空分布变化[J].气象科技,2011,39(4):417-422.
[13] 四川省水利厅.2013年四川省水土保持公报[Z].成都:成都市水利厅,2013.
[14] 章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41.
[15] 李林育,王志杰,焦菊英.紫色丘陵区侵蚀性降雨与降雨侵蚀力特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):8-16.
[16] 周大淜,熊明彪,林立金,等.坡度对紫色土坡耕地侵蚀性降雨值的影响[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):159-162.
[17] 吴昌广,林德生,肖文发,等.三峡库区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):151-158.
[18] 成都市水务局.2010年成都市水资源公报[Z].成都:成都市水务局,2011.
[19] 成都市水务局.2012年成都市水资源公报[Z].成都:成都市水务局,2013.
[20] 成都市水务局.2015年成都市水资源公报[Z].成都:成都市水务局,2016.
[21] Lai C,Chen X,Wang Z,et al.Spatio-temporal variation in rainfall erosivity during 1960–2012 in the Pearl River Basin,China[J].Catena,2016(137):382-391.