中国中小学校卫生人员未来2年工作意愿及影响因素
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摘要
目的了解中国中小学校卫生人员未来2年工作意愿及其影响因素,为稳定学校卫生人员队伍提供政策建议。方法按照我国三大经济地带划分,分层选择调研省份,每个调研省份选择1~2个调研点,共覆盖16个省、自治区、直辖市26个调研点。采用自行设计的调查问卷对调研点辖区内所有中小学校卫生人员进行问卷调查。结果现有学校卫生人员队伍中仅66.2%明确表示未来2年愿意继续从事学校卫生工作。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,工作负荷(OR=0.696)是未来2年工作意愿的危险因素;对工作喜欢程度(OR=5.660)、工作条件满意度(OR=2.258)、医学背景(OR=1.978)、职业发展空间满意度(OR=1.934)、工作职责明确程度(OR=1.689)、工作能力(OR=1.415)、工作待遇满意度(OR=1.329)、任职后参加培训情况(OR=1.285)、学校支持与重视程度(OR=1.246)是学校卫生人员未来2年工作意愿的保护性因素。结论中国学校卫生人员队伍稳定性面临着较大威胁。学校卫生管理部门应通力合作,重点解决人员职称晋升、培训及继续教育等问题,提高学校卫生人员队伍的稳定性。
Objective To learn the school health personnel's working willingness in the coming two years and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools, and to provide policy suggestions for stablizing the school health personnel team.Methods This survey was conducted in 26 research sites from 16 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities stratified selected in accordance to the division of three economic zones in China. All of the primary and secondary schools' health personnel in the study areas were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire. Results Of all the school health personnel, only 66.2% would like to continue the job in the coming two years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors affecting working willingness in the coming two years was workload( OR = 0.696), and the protective factors influencing their working willingness in the coming two years included enjoying the job or not( OR = 5. 660), satisfaction degree of working condition( OR = 2. 258), medical background( OR = 1.978), vocational development satisfaction degree( OR = 1. 934), degree of being sure about the duty( OR =1.689), working ability( OR = 1. 415), satisfaction degree of working salary( OR = 1. 329), training situation after taking the job( OR = 1.285) and support and attention from school( OR = 1.246). Conclusion The school health personnel team's stability is facing a big threat, cooperation of administrative department like education, health and so on should be strengthened to solve the problems of school health personnel's promotion and training and further education, so that to improve the stability of the team.
Objective To learn the school health personnel's working willingness in the coming two years and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools, and to provide policy suggestions for stablizing the school health personnel team.Methods This survey was conducted in 26 research sites from 16 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities stratified selected in accordance to the division of three economic zones in China. All of the primary and secondary schools' health personnel in the study areas were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire. Results Of all the school health personnel, only 66.2% would like to continue the job in the coming two years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors affecting working willingness in the coming two years was workload( OR = 0.696), and the protective factors influencing their working willingness in the coming two years included enjoying the job or not( OR = 5. 660), satisfaction degree of working condition( OR = 2. 258), medical background( OR = 1.978), vocational development satisfaction degree( OR = 1. 934), degree of being sure about the duty( OR =1.689), working ability( OR = 1. 415), satisfaction degree of working salary( OR = 1. 329), training situation after taking the job( OR = 1.285) and support and attention from school( OR = 1.246). Conclusion The school health personnel team's stability is facing a big threat, cooperation of administrative department like education, health and so on should be strengthened to solve the problems of school health personnel's promotion and training and further education, so that to improve the stability of the team.
引文
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[2]马军.当前学校卫生工作的机遇和挑战[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(1):1-4.
[3]尚大光.1994年全国学校卫生现状抽样调查:2000年学校卫生发展战略目标与对策研究之一[J].中国校医,1997,11(6):405-408.
[4]仇元营,余小鸣,张芯,等.我国中小学校专职校医配备现状[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(11):1746-1748.
[5]潘勇平,高爱钰,张欣,等.北京市东城区中小学校医及卫生室基本情况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1247-1248.
[6]赵海,段佳丽,滕立新,等.北京市中小学校校医和保健教师队伍现状调查[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(3):466-468.
[7]周哲华.嘉兴市中小学校医及卫生室配置现况[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(3):378-380.
[8]杨杰文,陈静仪,梁健平,等.广州市中小学校医务人员现况[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(8):1228-1230.
[9]CROGHAN E,JOHNSON C,AVEYARD P.School nurses:policies,working practices,roles and value perceptions[J].J Adv Nur,2004,47(4):377-385.
[10]高爱钰,潘勇平,石晓燕,等.北京市东城区加强校医队伍建设的实践研究[C].中华预防医学会儿少卫生分会学术交流会论文汇编,2011.