塔里木盆地新元古代构造演化及其油气地质意义
|
摘要
前人由于资料有限,一般认为塔里木盆地内部南华纪—寒武纪是继承性的伸展构造背景,南华—震旦系与寒武系连续沉积。但近期新的资料表明塔里木盆地周边广泛发育与罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆相关的裂解事件,揭示南华纪大型断陷发育,且寒武系/震旦系发育广泛的不整合。塔里木盆地大约在900 Ma盆地内部微地块进入拼合的主要时期,塔里木古大陆全面聚合;南华纪初期,Rodinia超大陆开始裂解,塔里木板块周缘也随之裂陷,发育巨厚大陆裂谷沉积;南华纪晚期库鲁克塔格裂谷范围向东西两侧扩展,西北部裂陷作用较弱,形成伸展型古隆起;震旦纪,塔里木板块构造格局逐渐由大陆边缘裂陷向陆内坳陷发展,海侵范围扩大;震旦纪末期,塔里木板块发生隆升,剥蚀强烈,呈现南高北低地貌。由此可见,新元古代发育完整的伸展-挤压构造旋回,经历大陆裂谷期-断陷期-坳陷期-挤压抬升期等四期构造演变。新元古代形成一套良好生、储、盖组合,具有良好的油气成藏条件,是塔里木盆地油气勘探的新领域。
Due to the limited data, the predecessors thought that the nanhuan ji-Cambrian in Tarim basin is theextension of inheritance tectonic setting and the deposition of the nanhuan ji-Sinian and Cambrian were continuous. But the recent new data show that the cracking events associated with Rodinia widely development aroundthe tarim basin and the large fault development and extensive development of unconformity between sinian system and Cambrian system. Where almost 900 Ma the Tarim continent into the main period of spilt and the Tarimancient mainland comprehensive aggregation. The Tarim continent as the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinentbegin to crack and development of huge thick continental rift sedimentary in the early Nanhuan period. Thescope of Kruktag lift valley spread out on both sides of the extension and with weak lacunae in northwestern inthe late Nanhuan period,leading to the formation of extensional Paleo-uplift. Sinian period, the Tarim plate tectonic framework gradually form the continental margin chasmic to the intracontinental depression and the rangeextension of transgression. The late Sinian period, owing to uplift and strong denudation, the results show meteorological north low landforms of Tarim plate. So the neoproterozoic development complete stretch-extrusionstructural cycle and the structure evolution process experienced 4 stages: continental rift period, faulting period,depression period and extrusion uplift period. Leading to form a good source-reservoir-cap combination andhave good oil and gas accumulation conditions in neoproterozoic, it is one of the new field of oil and gas exploration areas in Tarim basin.
Due to the limited data, the predecessors thought that the nanhuan ji-Cambrian in Tarim basin is theextension of inheritance tectonic setting and the deposition of the nanhuan ji-Sinian and Cambrian were continuous. But the recent new data show that the cracking events associated with Rodinia widely development aroundthe tarim basin and the large fault development and extensive development of unconformity between sinian system and Cambrian system. Where almost 900 Ma the Tarim continent into the main period of spilt and the Tarimancient mainland comprehensive aggregation. The Tarim continent as the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinentbegin to crack and development of huge thick continental rift sedimentary in the early Nanhuan period. Thescope of Kruktag lift valley spread out on both sides of the extension and with weak lacunae in northwestern inthe late Nanhuan period,leading to the formation of extensional Paleo-uplift. Sinian period, the Tarim plate tectonic framework gradually form the continental margin chasmic to the intracontinental depression and the rangeextension of transgression. The late Sinian period, owing to uplift and strong denudation, the results show meteorological north low landforms of Tarim plate. So the neoproterozoic development complete stretch-extrusionstructural cycle and the structure evolution process experienced 4 stages: continental rift period, faulting period,depression period and extrusion uplift period. Leading to form a good source-reservoir-cap combination andhave good oil and gas accumulation conditions in neoproterozoic, it is one of the new field of oil and gas exploration areas in Tarim basin.
引文
[1]Powell CM and Pisarevsky SA.Late Neoproterozoic assembly of East Gondwana[J].Geology,2002,30:3-6.
[2]陆松年,李怀坤,陈志宏.塔里木与扬子新元古代热构造事件特征、序列和时代—扬子与塔里木连接(YZTAR)假设[J].地学前缘,2003,10(4):321-326.
[3]Hawkesworth CJ and Kemp AIS.Evolution of the continental crust[J].Nature,2006,443:811-817.
[4]Hu AQ and Rogers G.Discovery of 3.3Ga Archean rocks in north Tarim block of Xinjiang,western China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37:1546-l549.
[5]贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[6]Lu SN,Li HK,Zhang CL and Niu GH.Geological and geochronological evidence for the Pre-cambrian evolution of the Tarim Craton and surrounding continental fragments[J].Precambrian Research,2008,160(1-2):94-107.
[7]姜常义,穆艳梅,赵晓宁,等.塔里木板块北缘活动陆缘型侵入岩带的岩石学与地球化学[J].中国区域地质,2001,20(2):158-163.
[2]陆松年,李怀坤,陈志宏.塔里木与扬子新元古代热构造事件特征、序列和时代—扬子与塔里木连接(YZTAR)假设[J].地学前缘,2003,10(4):321-326.
[3]Hawkesworth CJ and Kemp AIS.Evolution of the continental crust[J].Nature,2006,443:811-817.
[4]Hu AQ and Rogers G.Discovery of 3.3Ga Archean rocks in north Tarim block of Xinjiang,western China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37:1546-l549.
[5]贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[6]Lu SN,Li HK,Zhang CL and Niu GH.Geological and geochronological evidence for the Pre-cambrian evolution of the Tarim Craton and surrounding continental fragments[J].Precambrian Research,2008,160(1-2):94-107.
[7]姜常义,穆艳梅,赵晓宁,等.塔里木板块北缘活动陆缘型侵入岩带的岩石学与地球化学[J].中国区域地质,2001,20(2):158-163.