四川盆地上三叠统须家河组气藏分布与构造体系的关系
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摘要
四川盆地上三叠统须家河组气藏具有"早期聚集、中期封闭、晚期活化"的特征。为了探讨该盆地须家河组油气富集规律,利用盆地内二维及三维地震连片资料编制区域构造图,采用低角度、垂直方向逆光照射三维可视化技术描述构造形迹,依据区域构造动力方向、构造相互关系划分构造体系并确认构造形成期次,进而结合钻井测试资料预测须家河组油气富集带。研究结果表明:(1)该盆地须家河组发育EW向弧形、NE向线形、NE向弧形、SN向转NW向帚状构造、NW向弧形等5组以上方向的构造体系:(2) EW向弧形构造为印支期龙门山冲断带北段隆升挤压形成、燕山期继承发展、喜马拉雅期定型,在盆地内广泛分布;(3)川西坳陷北部NE向线形构造为印支期龙门山冲断带北段安县运动形成;(4)大巴山前NW向弧形构造与华蓥山前NE向线形构造为燕山期定型、喜马拉雅期继承发展;(5)川西坳陷内SN向构造为喜马拉雅期龙门山南段挤压形成;(6)龙泉山断褶带以东的SN向构造与盆地内NW向线形构造组合为一组以江油古隆起为砥柱的帚状构造带,形成于喜马拉雅期龙门山冲断带南段的挤压;(7)高产井通常分布于印支期—燕山期弧形背斜构造且叠加喜马拉雅期断层,喜马拉雅期构造通常为干圈闭,其裂缝发育带多为产水层,印支期向斜即使在喜马拉雅期抬升为背斜,也属于无效圈闭。结论认为,确认构造体系期次可以为预测描述四川盆地须家河组油气富集带提供技术支撑。
The gas reservoir of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by "accumulation in the early stage, entrapment in the middle stage and activation in the late stage". In order to provide guidance for the prediction of hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm, we first plotted the regional structure map based on the 2D and 3D seismic merging data of the basin. Then, we displayed and described the structural features by means of the 3D visualization technology of low-angle vertical backlight irradiation. In addition, the structural system was classified according to the dynamic direction of regional structure and the structural interrelationship, and the formation stages of the structure were confirmed. Finally, based on drilling and testing data, the hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm was predicted. And the following research results were obtained. First, five structural systems are developed in Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin, including EW-oriented arc structure, NE-oriented linear structure, NE-oriented arc structure, SN-oriented to NW-oriented brush structure and NW-oriented arc structure. Second, the EW-oriented arc structure is formed due to the uplift and extrusion of the northern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Indosinian period, successively developed in the Yanshanian period and stabilized in the Himalayan period. And it is widely distributed in the basin. Third, the NE-oriented linear structure in the north of Western Sichuan Depression is resulted from the An'xian movement of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Indosinian period. Fourth, the NW-oriented arc structure before the Daba Mountain and the NE-oriented linear structure before the Huaying Mountain are stabilized in the Yanshanian period and successively developed in the Himalayan period. Fifth, the SN-oriented structure in the Western Sichuan Depression is formed due to the extrusion of the southern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Himalayan period. Sixth, the combination of SN structure to the east of Longquanshan fold belt and NW-oriented linear structure in the basin is a brush structure belt with Jiangyou paleo-uplift as the mainstay, which is resulted from the extrusion of the southern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Himalayan period. Seventh, the high-yield wells are usually distributed in the arc anticlines of Indosinian–Yanshanian period superimposed with the faults of Himalayan period. The structures of the Himalayan period are usually dry traps, and their fracture development zones are mostly water producing layers. The Indosinian synclines are also ineffective traps even though they are uplifted to anticlines in the Himalayan period. In conclusion, the confirmation of structural system stages can provide a technical support for the prediction and description of hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin.
The gas reservoir of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by "accumulation in the early stage, entrapment in the middle stage and activation in the late stage". In order to provide guidance for the prediction of hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm, we first plotted the regional structure map based on the 2D and 3D seismic merging data of the basin. Then, we displayed and described the structural features by means of the 3D visualization technology of low-angle vertical backlight irradiation. In addition, the structural system was classified according to the dynamic direction of regional structure and the structural interrelationship, and the formation stages of the structure were confirmed. Finally, based on drilling and testing data, the hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm was predicted. And the following research results were obtained. First, five structural systems are developed in Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin, including EW-oriented arc structure, NE-oriented linear structure, NE-oriented arc structure, SN-oriented to NW-oriented brush structure and NW-oriented arc structure. Second, the EW-oriented arc structure is formed due to the uplift and extrusion of the northern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Indosinian period, successively developed in the Yanshanian period and stabilized in the Himalayan period. And it is widely distributed in the basin. Third, the NE-oriented linear structure in the north of Western Sichuan Depression is resulted from the An'xian movement of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Indosinian period. Fourth, the NW-oriented arc structure before the Daba Mountain and the NE-oriented linear structure before the Huaying Mountain are stabilized in the Yanshanian period and successively developed in the Himalayan period. Fifth, the SN-oriented structure in the Western Sichuan Depression is formed due to the extrusion of the southern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Himalayan period. Sixth, the combination of SN structure to the east of Longquanshan fold belt and NW-oriented linear structure in the basin is a brush structure belt with Jiangyou paleo-uplift as the mainstay, which is resulted from the extrusion of the southern section of Longmenshan thrust belt in the Himalayan period. Seventh, the high-yield wells are usually distributed in the arc anticlines of Indosinian–Yanshanian period superimposed with the faults of Himalayan period. The structures of the Himalayan period are usually dry traps, and their fracture development zones are mostly water producing layers. The Indosinian synclines are also ineffective traps even though they are uplifted to anticlines in the Himalayan period. In conclusion, the confirmation of structural system stages can provide a technical support for the prediction and description of hydrocarbon enrichment zone of Xujiahe Fm in the Sichuan Basin.
引文
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