同步加速器束流能量自动切换控制系统
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摘要
带电粒子放射治疗中3D主动治疗方式需要不同的束流能量照射不同的病灶切面,这就需要同步加速器控制系统能实现多级束流能量的自动切换控制并提供接口对接治疗计划进行自动变能控制。本文开发了同步加速器束流能量切换控制系统,同步加速器的前端服务器中存储着执行1个同步加速器加速周期所需的全部控制数据集,其中控制数据通过索引标号对其进行区分,同步事例信息是同步加速器多级束流能量切换的触发信号。当前端控制器被同步时间系统的同步事例触发激活后,从DSP波形发生器的SDRAM空间中读出磁铁电源、高频等控制数据进行数据切换。同步事例信号包含同步触发信息、束流能量控制数据的索引信息和控制数据的更新操作信息。多级束流能量自动切换控制系统能实现255级束流能量间自动切换控制(碳束能量在50～500 MeV间切换,步长可控制在1.77 MeV),完全能满足实际中碳束能量在50～500 MeV间以10 MeV为步长的自动切换控制。
3 D irradiation of charged particle radiotherapy with pencil beam scanning needs different beam energy for irradiating slices of tumor. This requires that the synchrotron control system can realize the automatic switch control of multi-stage beam energy and provide the interface docking treatment plan for automatic control. Control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron was developed. All control data of one accelerator control cycle time were stored in the front-end servers of synchrotron control system. Control data have unique index number to distinguish them. Synchronous timing event is the trigger signal of the synchrotron multi-stage beam energy switch. When the front-end controller receives synchronous timing event from synchronous timing system, the control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron can read data from SDRAM of the controller to generate control signals for power supply of magnet, RF device, etc. The synchronous timing event signal contains synchronous trigger information, index number of control data for beam energy variation and notice of updating control data. The control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron can realize 255 different stages of beam energy automatic variation control by steps of 1.77 MeV with ~(12)C beam energy from 50 MeV to 500 MeV, and it can totally control the accelerator to change ~(12)C beam energy from 50 MeV to 500 MeV by steps of 10 MeV.
3 D irradiation of charged particle radiotherapy with pencil beam scanning needs different beam energy for irradiating slices of tumor. This requires that the synchrotron control system can realize the automatic switch control of multi-stage beam energy and provide the interface docking treatment plan for automatic control. Control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron was developed. All control data of one accelerator control cycle time were stored in the front-end servers of synchrotron control system. Control data have unique index number to distinguish them. Synchronous timing event is the trigger signal of the synchrotron multi-stage beam energy switch. When the front-end controller receives synchronous timing event from synchronous timing system, the control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron can read data from SDRAM of the controller to generate control signals for power supply of magnet, RF device, etc. The synchronous timing event signal contains synchronous trigger information, index number of control data for beam energy variation and notice of updating control data. The control system of automatic beam energy variation for synchrotron can realize 255 different stages of beam energy automatic variation control by steps of 1.77 MeV with ~(12)C beam energy from 50 MeV to 500 MeV, and it can totally control the accelerator to change ~(12)C beam energy from 50 MeV to 500 MeV by steps of 10 MeV.
引文
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[2] SAFAI S, BULA C, MEER D, et al. Improving the precision and performance of proton pencil beam scanning[J]. Translational Cancer Research, 2012, 1(3): 196-206.
[3] MARCHAND B, PRIEELS D, BAUVIR B. IBA proton pencil beam scanning: An innovative solution for cancer treatment[C/OL]//Proceedings of EPAC 2000: Medical Applications. [2018-03-13]. https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/e00/PAPERS/WEP4B20.pdf.
[4] PEDRONI E, MEER D, BULA C, et al. Pencil beam characteristics of the next-generation proton scanning gantry of PSI: Design issues and initial commissioning results[J]. European Physical Journal Plus, 2011, 126(7): 1-27.
[5] KRAMER M, JAKEL O, HABERER T, et al. Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: Physical beam model and dose optimization[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2000, 45(11): 3 299-3 317.
[6] HIRAMOTO K. Synchrotron technology for particle therapy system[R/OL]//PTCOG49 Educational Workshop, 2010: Technology. [2018-03-22]. https://www.ptcog.ch/archive/conference_p&t&v/PTCOG49/presentationsEW/17-1-2B_SynHiramoto.pdf.
[7] 赵籍九. 加速器控制系统及其进展[J]. 中国物理C,2008,32(增刊):139-141. ZHAO Jijiu. Accelerator control system and its progress[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2008, 32(Suppl.): 139-141(in Chinese).
[8] 刘伍丰,乔卫民,原有进,等. RIBLL Ⅱ与CSRe中束流控制系统的设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束,2008,20(3):525-528. LIU Wufeng, QIAO Weimin, YUAN Youjin, et al. Design of control system for beam in RIBLL Ⅱ and CSRe[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2008, 20(3): 525-528(in Chinese).
[9] AKIYAMA A, FURUKAWA K, KADOKURA E, et al. Accelerator control system at KEKB and the linac[J]. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 2013(3): 03A008: 1-8.
[10] 王春红. 加速器控制技术[C]//第六届世界华人物理学会加速器分会. 北京:中国科学院高能物理研究所,2010.
[11] WEEHUIZEN H F, CRONJE P M, FISCH R K, et al. Beam control for proton therapy[C/OL]//Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, 1995: Cyclotrons. [2018-04-18]. http://epaper.kek.jp/c95/papers/e-41.pdf.
[12] IWATA Y, FURUKAWA T, NODA K, et al. Update of an accelerator control system for the new treatment facility at HIMAC[C/OL]//Proceedings of EPAC08, 2008: Accelerator. [2018-04-27]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.610.7310&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[13] KADOWAKI T, IWATA Y, NODA K, et al. Development of synchrotron control for heavy-ion medical accelerators[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 2011, 269 (24): 2 901-2 904.
[14] SUGIMURA H, FURUKAWA K, KAJI H, et al. Synchronized timing and control system construction of superKEKB positron damping ring[C/OL]//16th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Control Systems, 2017: Accelerator Control System. [2018-04-28]. http://www-linac.kek.jp/linac-paper/2017/ical17-sugimura-drtiming.pdf.
[15] 刘伍丰,乔卫民,敬岚,等. 冷却存储环虚拟加速器的数据交互系统[J]. 强激光与粒子束,2009,21(12):1 889-1 892. LIU Wufeng, QIAO Weimin, JING Lan, et al. Data exchange system in cooler-storage-ring virtual accelerator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 21(12): 1 889-1 892(in Chinese).