油茶籽在成熟过程中化学成分的积累动态
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摘要
以普通油茶果为试验材料,研究了油茶籽在成熟过程中主要成分的积累规律。结果表明:1)油茶籽成熟过程中,9月份是油脂积累的最高峰,种仁含油率比8月份增加了33.18%;2)可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量呈"单峰"变化趋势,淀粉含量一直增加;3)脂肪酸中,油酸含量不断增加,亚油酸和棕榈酸含量不断降低,油酸分别与亚油酸及棕榈酸呈此消彼长的趋势;4)硬脂酸基本维持在1%～2%之间;5)活性成分角鲨烯含量呈上升-下降趋势,在采收前含量降到最低110μg/g,维生素E从7月底至10月上旬含量不断增长,在10月中下旬有所下降;6)综合考虑油脂及活性成分的保存率,建议普通油茶的采摘期在霜降节前后(10月23日左右)。
Taking common Camellia oleifera fruits as the experimental materials, the accumulation rule of main components of C.oleifera seeds in the ripening process was studied. The results show that :1) The oil formation in Camellia oleifera kernels reached a peak in September, increased by 33.18% in August; 2) The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein showed a "single peak" trend, and the content of starch was in a continual growth; 3) In fatty acids, the content of oleic acid increased continuously, while the contents of linoleic acid and palmitic acid decreased continuously, and the change trend of oleic acid was contrary to that of linoleic acid and that of palmitic acid; 4) The stearic acid was basically maintained between 1% and 2% with little variation; 5) The content of active component(squalene) increased ?rst and then decreases, the content droped to 110 microns/g before harvest, and Vitamin E content constantly increased from the end of July to early October, and then decreased in the middle and late October; 6) Considering the preservation rate of oil and active ingredients, it is suggested that the picking period of Camellia oleifera fruits should be around the frost fall festival(October 23).
Taking common Camellia oleifera fruits as the experimental materials, the accumulation rule of main components of C.oleifera seeds in the ripening process was studied. The results show that :1) The oil formation in Camellia oleifera kernels reached a peak in September, increased by 33.18% in August; 2) The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein showed a "single peak" trend, and the content of starch was in a continual growth; 3) In fatty acids, the content of oleic acid increased continuously, while the contents of linoleic acid and palmitic acid decreased continuously, and the change trend of oleic acid was contrary to that of linoleic acid and that of palmitic acid; 4) The stearic acid was basically maintained between 1% and 2% with little variation; 5) The content of active component(squalene) increased ?rst and then decreases, the content droped to 110 microns/g before harvest, and Vitamin E content constantly increased from the end of July to early October, and then decreased in the middle and late October; 6) Considering the preservation rate of oil and active ingredients, it is suggested that the picking period of Camellia oleifera fruits should be around the frost fall festival(October 23).
引文
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[2]刘凯,张乃燕,王东雪,等.油茶岑软系列优良无性系的ISSR分子鉴别及遗传分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(10):22-26.
[3]彭开元,胡进波,陈桂华,等.油茶果壳化学成分与燃烧性能分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(7):123-128.
[4]周长富,姚小华,林萍,等.油茶果实发育特性及水分、油脂含量动态分析[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,34(3):49-53,82.
[5]王小艺,曹一博,张凌云,等.油茶生长发育过程中脂肪酸成分的测定分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(13):76-80.
[6]陈永忠,肖志红,彭邵锋,等.油茶果实生长特性和油脂含量的变化研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(1):9-14.
[7]罗凡,费学谦,方学智,等.油茶籽采摘时间对茶油品质的影响研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(1):87-92.
[8]姜志娜,谭晓风,袁军,等.油茶果实和叶片中主要营养物质含量的变化规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(5):42-45.
[9]李好,方学智,钟海雁,等.油茶籽成熟过程中油脂及营养物质变化的研究[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(1):86-91.
[10]周长富,姚小华,林萍,等.油茶种子发育过程组分含量动态研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(6):680-685.
[11]许洋,李保国,王森,等.栽培条件与油茶籽品质相关性研究概况[J].经济林研究,2009,27(4):108-113.