不同情景下干旱区尾闾湖泊生态水位与需水研究——以黑河下游东居延海为例
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摘要
水位作为湖泊重要的水文要素之一,在反映湖泊水量变化,指示湖泊湿地生态环境状况等方面都有重要的生态意义。选取黑河下游尾闾湖东居延海为研究区域,采用湖泊形态学法对湖泊最小生态水面和最低生态水位进行了研究。依据水量平衡原理,结合已有研究对不同情景下的生态需水量进行了估算。最后结合黑河输水河道耗水规律,提出不同情景(水文频率)下各水文断面需下泄水量。研究结果对于干旱区流域湖泊湿地的保护和水资源的合理利用都有重要意义,同时也为黑河流域生态输水工程的实施提供现实的科学依据。
Water level is one of the most important hydrological indicators of lake,which reflects effectively not only the variations of lake water volume,but also the evolution of eco-environmental conditions of the surrounding lake wetlands. This study investigated the minimum ecological water area and the lowest ecological water level of the East Juyanhai,the rump lake of the downstream of Heihe River,using lake morphology method. The ecological water demand under different scenarios was estimated based on the principle of water balance and the existing researches. We evaluated the discharging water volumes at the hydrologic section under different scenarios(hydrological frequency),considering the water consumption law of Heihe River channel. The results show as follows:(1)the minimum ecological water area and the lowest ecological water level of the east Juyanhai are11.11 km2 and 998.78 m,respectively;(2)the minimum ecological water demand is 0.28 × 108 m3;(3)in dry years(hydrological frequency =75%),the runoff at Yingluoxia and Zhengyixia hydrological stations should be no less than 10.93×108 m3 and 6.27×108 m3,respectively. In flat and abundant water years(hydrological frequency=25% and =50%),they should be no less than 21.46×108 m3 and 12.32×108 m3;(4)these results are reasonable and consistent with previous studies. The research method developed in this study can be applied practically and universally to other regions for the estimation of the minimum ecological water demand. This study is of great significance for the protection of lake wetlands and the rational utilization of water resources in arid area. At the same time,it provides a scientific basis for the implementation of Ecological Water Transfer Project in Heihe River Basin.
Water level is one of the most important hydrological indicators of lake,which reflects effectively not only the variations of lake water volume,but also the evolution of eco-environmental conditions of the surrounding lake wetlands. This study investigated the minimum ecological water area and the lowest ecological water level of the East Juyanhai,the rump lake of the downstream of Heihe River,using lake morphology method. The ecological water demand under different scenarios was estimated based on the principle of water balance and the existing researches. We evaluated the discharging water volumes at the hydrologic section under different scenarios(hydrological frequency),considering the water consumption law of Heihe River channel. The results show as follows:(1)the minimum ecological water area and the lowest ecological water level of the east Juyanhai are11.11 km2 and 998.78 m,respectively;(2)the minimum ecological water demand is 0.28 × 108 m3;(3)in dry years(hydrological frequency =75%),the runoff at Yingluoxia and Zhengyixia hydrological stations should be no less than 10.93×108 m3 and 6.27×108 m3,respectively. In flat and abundant water years(hydrological frequency=25% and =50%),they should be no less than 21.46×108 m3 and 12.32×108 m3;(4)these results are reasonable and consistent with previous studies. The research method developed in this study can be applied practically and universally to other regions for the estimation of the minimum ecological water demand. This study is of great significance for the protection of lake wetlands and the rational utilization of water resources in arid area. At the same time,it provides a scientific basis for the implementation of Ecological Water Transfer Project in Heihe River Basin.
引文
[1]徐志侠,王浩,唐克旺,等.吞吐湖湖泊最小生态需水研究[J].资源科学,2005,27(3):140-144.[XU Zhixia,WANG Hao,TANG Kewang,et al.Minimum ecological water requirements for lakes taking in-sending out water[J].Resources Science,2005,27(3):140-144.]
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[10]罗小勇,计红,邱凉.长江流域重要湖泊最小生态水位计算及其保护对策[J].水利发展研究,2010,(12):36-38.[LUO Xiaoyong,JI Hong,QIU Liang.Calculation of minimum ecological water level of important lakes in the Yangtze River Basin and its countermeasures[J].Water Resources Development Research,2010,(12):36-38.]
[11]梁犁丽,王芳,汪党献,等.乌伦古湖最低生态水位及生态缺水量[J].水科学进展,2011,22(4):470-478.[LIANG Lili,WANG Fang,WANG Dangxian,et al.Research on the lowest ecological water level and ecological water quantity of Ulungur Lake[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(4):470-478.]
[12]谢永宏,李峰,陈心胜.洞庭湖最小生态需水量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):64-70.[XIE Yonghong,LI Feng,CHEN Xinsheng.Study on the minimum ecological water demand for the Dongting Lake[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(1):64-70.]
[13]刘剑宇,张强,孙鹏,等.鄱阳湖最小生态需水研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(4):149-153.[LIU Jianyu,ZHANG Qiang,SUN Peng,et al.Minimum ecological water requirements of the Poyang Lake[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyateseni,2014,53(4):149-153.]
[14]张华,张兰,赵传燕.极端干旱区尾闾湖生态需水估算——以东居延海为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):2102-2108.[ZHANG Hua,ZHANG Lan,ZHAO Chuanyan.Ecological water requirement estimation of rump lake in an extreme arid region of East Juyanhai[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(8):2102-2108.]
[15]穆来旺.东居延海生态补水量的确定[J].内蒙古水利,2016,(6):54.[MU Laiwang.Determination of ecological water supply amount in East Juyanhai[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2016,(6):54.]
[16]刘咏梅,赵忠福.额济纳旗东居延海水域面积变化对周边区域生态环境的影响[J].农村经济与科技,2013,24(9):15-16.[LIU Yongmei,ZHAO Zhongfu.The influence of the water area variation in East Juyanhai of Ejinaqi on the ecological environment of the surrounding area[J].Rural Economy and ScienceTechnology,2013,24(9):15-16.]
[17]管新建,齐雪艳,吴泽宁,等.东居延海生态系统服务功能价值的能值分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):253-257.[GUAN Xinjian,QI Xueyan,WU Zening,et al.Analysis on energy value of service function of East Juyan Lake wetland ecosystem[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(5):253-257.]
[18]张振克,吴瑞金,王苏民,等.近2600年来内蒙古居延海湖泊沉积记录的环境变迁[J].湖泊科学,1998,10(2):44-51.[ZHANG Zhenke,WU Ruijin,WANG Sumin,et al.Environmental changes recorded by lake sediments from East Juyanhai Lake in Inner Mongolia during the past 2600 years[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1998,10(2):44-51.]
[19]冯起,司建华,席海洋,等.黑河下游生态水需求与生态水量调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:70-74.[FENG Qi,SI Jianhua,XI Haiyang,et al.Ecological water demand and quantity regulation in the lower reaches of Heihe River[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:70-74.]
[2]刘惠英,王永文,关兴中.鄱阳湖湿地适宜生态需水位研究——以星子站水位为例[J].南昌工程学院学报,2012,31(3):46-50.[LIU Huiying,WANG Yongwen,GUAN Xingzhong.Research on suitable ecological water level in Poyang Lake wetland:a case study in Xingzi Hydrological Station[J].Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology,2012,31(3):46-50.]
[3]TENNANT D L.Instream flow regiments for fish,wildlife,recreation and related environmental resources[C]//ORSBORN J F,ALLMAN C H,eds.Proceedings of Symposium and Conference on Instream Flow Needs II.American Fisheries Society.Bthesda:Maryland,1976:359-373.
[4]ARTHINGTON A H,KING J M,O’KEEFEE J H,et al.Development of holistic approach for assessing environmental flow requirements of riverine ecosystem[C]//PIGRAM J J,HOOPER B P,eds.Proceedings of an International Seminar and Workshop on Water Alocation for the Environment.Armidale:The Center for Policy Research,University of New England,1992:69-76.
[5]KING J M,LOW D.Instream flow assessment for regulated rivers in South Africa using the building block methodology[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,1998,1(2):109-124.
[6]MEIJER K S,VAN DER KROGT W N M,VAN Beek E.A new approach to incorporating environmental flow requirements in water allocation modeling[J].Water Resource Management,2012,26:1271-1286.
[7]KIM Z,SINGH V P.Assessment of environmental flow requirements by entropy-based multi-criteria decision[J].Water Resource Management,2014,28:459-474.
[8]徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.湖泊最低生态水位计算方法[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2324-2328.[XU Zhixia,CHEN Minjian,DONG Zengchuan.Researches on the calculation methods of the lowest ecological water level of lake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(10):2324-2328.]
[9]李新虎,宋郁东,李岳坦,等.湖泊最低生态水位计算方法研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(4):526-530.[LI Xinhu,SONG Yudong,LI Yuetan,et al.Calculation methods of lowest ecological water level of lake[J].Arid Land Geography,2007,30(4):526-530.]
[10]罗小勇,计红,邱凉.长江流域重要湖泊最小生态水位计算及其保护对策[J].水利发展研究,2010,(12):36-38.[LUO Xiaoyong,JI Hong,QIU Liang.Calculation of minimum ecological water level of important lakes in the Yangtze River Basin and its countermeasures[J].Water Resources Development Research,2010,(12):36-38.]
[11]梁犁丽,王芳,汪党献,等.乌伦古湖最低生态水位及生态缺水量[J].水科学进展,2011,22(4):470-478.[LIANG Lili,WANG Fang,WANG Dangxian,et al.Research on the lowest ecological water level and ecological water quantity of Ulungur Lake[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(4):470-478.]
[12]谢永宏,李峰,陈心胜.洞庭湖最小生态需水量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):64-70.[XIE Yonghong,LI Feng,CHEN Xinsheng.Study on the minimum ecological water demand for the Dongting Lake[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(1):64-70.]
[13]刘剑宇,张强,孙鹏,等.鄱阳湖最小生态需水研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(4):149-153.[LIU Jianyu,ZHANG Qiang,SUN Peng,et al.Minimum ecological water requirements of the Poyang Lake[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyateseni,2014,53(4):149-153.]
[14]张华,张兰,赵传燕.极端干旱区尾闾湖生态需水估算——以东居延海为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):2102-2108.[ZHANG Hua,ZHANG Lan,ZHAO Chuanyan.Ecological water requirement estimation of rump lake in an extreme arid region of East Juyanhai[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(8):2102-2108.]
[15]穆来旺.东居延海生态补水量的确定[J].内蒙古水利,2016,(6):54.[MU Laiwang.Determination of ecological water supply amount in East Juyanhai[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2016,(6):54.]
[16]刘咏梅,赵忠福.额济纳旗东居延海水域面积变化对周边区域生态环境的影响[J].农村经济与科技,2013,24(9):15-16.[LIU Yongmei,ZHAO Zhongfu.The influence of the water area variation in East Juyanhai of Ejinaqi on the ecological environment of the surrounding area[J].Rural Economy and ScienceTechnology,2013,24(9):15-16.]
[17]管新建,齐雪艳,吴泽宁,等.东居延海生态系统服务功能价值的能值分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):253-257.[GUAN Xinjian,QI Xueyan,WU Zening,et al.Analysis on energy value of service function of East Juyan Lake wetland ecosystem[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(5):253-257.]
[18]张振克,吴瑞金,王苏民,等.近2600年来内蒙古居延海湖泊沉积记录的环境变迁[J].湖泊科学,1998,10(2):44-51.[ZHANG Zhenke,WU Ruijin,WANG Sumin,et al.Environmental changes recorded by lake sediments from East Juyanhai Lake in Inner Mongolia during the past 2600 years[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1998,10(2):44-51.]
[19]冯起,司建华,席海洋,等.黑河下游生态水需求与生态水量调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:70-74.[FENG Qi,SI Jianhua,XI Haiyang,et al.Ecological water demand and quantity regulation in the lower reaches of Heihe River[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:70-74.]