湘军的宗法性与晚清政治生态变化的主要特点
|
摘要
晚清大变局为宗法文化勃兴与湘军崛起提供了契机,也为晚清政治生态带来了莫大的影响,突出表现在宗法文化纽带与制度转型的封闭性、保守主义色彩与洋务新政的倒逼性、世俗道德权威与法令权威的式微性、圣贤豪杰理想与制度变迁的偏离性,展现了晚清政治多变的复杂背景与深层原由,也为诠释民国政治流变提供了线索。
The Great Changes in the late Qing Dynasty provided an opportunity for the patriarchal culture to thrive and the rise of the Xiang Army. It also brought great influences to the political ecology of the late Qing Dynasty. It was highlighted in the closure of the patriarchal cultural ties and institutional transformation,the conservatism and the rebelliousness of the new policy of the Westernization Movement,the secular moral authority and the decree of law authority,the ideals of the sages and the deviation of institutional changes,to show the complex background and in-depth interpretation of the political changes in the late Qing Dynasty,and also provide clues for interpreting the political evolution of the Republic of China.
The Great Changes in the late Qing Dynasty provided an opportunity for the patriarchal culture to thrive and the rise of the Xiang Army. It also brought great influences to the political ecology of the late Qing Dynasty. It was highlighted in the closure of the patriarchal cultural ties and institutional transformation,the conservatism and the rebelliousness of the new policy of the Westernization Movement,the secular moral authority and the decree of law authority,the ideals of the sages and the deviation of institutional changes,to show the complex background and in-depth interpretation of the political changes in the late Qing Dynasty,and also provide clues for interpreting the political evolution of the Republic of China.
引文
[1]曾国藩.曾国藩全集·奏稿:28卷[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1997:1343.
[2]薛福成.庸庵笔记:第2卷[M].上海:上海扫叶山房,1992:10.
[3]费正清.剑桥中国晚清史:上[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983:308.
[4]芮玛丽.同治中兴:中国保守主义的最后抵抗[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002:2
[5]汤震.危言[M].光绪十六年质学会刻本(卷一):9.
[6]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:第17册[M].长沙,岳麓书社,1993:289.
[7]太平天国历史博物馆.太平天国史料丛编简辑:第3册[M].北京:中华书局,1961:191.
[8]钱穆.国史大纲:下[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:887-888.
[9]曾国藩.曾文正公全集·书札[M].传忠书局刻本,2011:6.
[10]曾国藩.曾文正公全集书札:卷4[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1986:12.
[11]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:16卷[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1995:391.
[12]梁启超.饮冰室合集[M].北京:中华书局,1989:134.
[13]蔡松坡.增补·重注曾国藩治兵语录[M].北京:军事译文社,1979:5.
[14]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:10卷[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1994:6323、163.
[15]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:书信一[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1990:606.
[16]张晨怡.晚清湖湘理学群体与湘军网络的形成及维系[J].江苏社会科学,2017(2):252.
[17]王夫之.俟解[M]//王夫之.船山全书:第12册.长沙:岳麓书社,2011:479.
[18]朱汉民.圣贤未有不豪杰:湖湘士人的精神气质研究[J].湖南社会科学,2015(3):203.
[19]曾国藩.家书一·致澄弟温弟沅弟季弟[M]//曾国藩.曾国藩全集:第19册.长沙:岳麓书社,1995:94.
[20]钱基博.近百年湖南学风[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010.
[21]李元度.国朝先正事略:二[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2008:846.
[22]费正清.剑桥中国晚清史(上)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983.
[2]薛福成.庸庵笔记:第2卷[M].上海:上海扫叶山房,1992:10.
[3]费正清.剑桥中国晚清史:上[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983:308.
[4]芮玛丽.同治中兴:中国保守主义的最后抵抗[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002:2
[5]汤震.危言[M].光绪十六年质学会刻本(卷一):9.
[6]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:第17册[M].长沙,岳麓书社,1993:289.
[7]太平天国历史博物馆.太平天国史料丛编简辑:第3册[M].北京:中华书局,1961:191.
[8]钱穆.国史大纲:下[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:887-888.
[9]曾国藩.曾文正公全集·书札[M].传忠书局刻本,2011:6.
[10]曾国藩.曾文正公全集书札:卷4[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1986:12.
[11]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:16卷[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1995:391.
[12]梁启超.饮冰室合集[M].北京:中华书局,1989:134.
[13]蔡松坡.增补·重注曾国藩治兵语录[M].北京:军事译文社,1979:5.
[14]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:10卷[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1994:6323、163.
[15]曾国藩.曾国藩全集:书信一[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1990:606.
[16]张晨怡.晚清湖湘理学群体与湘军网络的形成及维系[J].江苏社会科学,2017(2):252.
[17]王夫之.俟解[M]//王夫之.船山全书:第12册.长沙:岳麓书社,2011:479.
[18]朱汉民.圣贤未有不豪杰:湖湘士人的精神气质研究[J].湖南社会科学,2015(3):203.
[19]曾国藩.家书一·致澄弟温弟沅弟季弟[M]//曾国藩.曾国藩全集:第19册.长沙:岳麓书社,1995:94.
[20]钱基博.近百年湖南学风[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010.
[21]李元度.国朝先正事略:二[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2008:846.
[22]费正清.剑桥中国晚清史(上)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983.